The device of wooden floors in the house of aerated concrete blocks. Ceilings in houses made of aerated concrete: slab, monolithic, ceilings on metal and wooden beams Wooden interfloor ceilings in a house made of aerated concrete

The advantages of houses made of aerated concrete blocks are in the short construction time. This contributes to the rapid housing construction, including private. The choice of covering the first floor of a house from aerated concrete depends on many factors: the purpose, the number of storeys of the house, the possibility of using special equipment, the cost of work, the level of professionalism of builders and knowledge of the structural features of materials. The reliability and durability of the building largely depend on the correct solution of this issue.

Floor requirements for aerated concrete houses

A house made of aerated concrete is built no higher than three floors, since the cellular structure of the blocks has a lower compressive strength compared to conventional concrete. Overlapping in such buildings should be selected taking into account:

• self-gravity and storey walls, or weight load calculations;
• strength and optimal rigidity;
• a sufficient degree of sound insulation;
• fire safety factor.

The resulting force on the load-bearing walls is redistributed precisely by the overlap. It is recommended to make a reinforcing belt for any of its types, which enhances the spatial rigidity of the building and provides protection against punching of fragile aerated concrete.

The upper cut of the bearing walls must be strictly horizontal; if a defect is detected, it can be eliminated by erasing blocks of aerated concrete for leveling.

Types of floors

The selected overlap depends on the method of execution and structural material. The most widely used modifications are:

• slab;
• prefabricated monolithic;
• monolithic;
• based on wooden or metal beams.

Other types of flooring: coffered, brick, hipped, structurally complex and expensive, in construction low-rise buildings from gas blocks are not used.

slab floor

The assembly of the floor of the first floor is carried out at the construction site from reinforced concrete slabs or from aerated concrete. The choice between them is determined by the fundamental difference in weight. Such construction is the fastest in terms of time and is not associated with the seismic activity of the region. The number of slabs depends on the size of the object and the standard dimensions specified at the factory. The main thing is that the span between the walls should be 30 cm less than the overlap for reference installation 15 cm on each side and met the standards for the maximum distance:

• 6 meters - smooth plates;
• 9 meters - with a ribbed top.

The thickness is selected taking into account the potential load, since the overlap is a kind of stiffness disk. A two-story aerated concrete house has a sufficient height of 12 to 20 cm for smooth and 25 to 30 cm ribbed surfaces.

The slabs are laid strictly along the load-bearing walls of the first floor of the same level. The construction of internal partitions is carried out later. Before installing the ceiling on the top row of aerated concrete blocks, a one-brick-thick distribution brick pad is built on. After fixing the strength to the layer cement mortar slabs are brought in with the help of a crane.

Advantages and disadvantages of aerated concrete floors

Advantages of aerated concrete or reinforced concrete slabs:

• fast installation in a short time;
• durability and reliability;
• high bearing capacity, from 600 to 800 kg/sq.m;
• excellent heat and noise insulation due to internal voids;
• factory production is distinguished by high-quality processing of materials;
• affordable price.

The disadvantages include:

• the need for special lifting equipment;
• the presence of access roads to the house from gas blocks to accommodate overall plates;
• limiting the choice of plates by size;
• limitations in use with curvilinearity of load-bearing walls;
• an experience installation work.

For adhesion of plates, a sand-cement mortar is used or mineral wool is laid, which strengthens the thermal insulation of a house made of aerated concrete.

Prefabricated monolithic ceiling

The technology does not require special equipment due to the design, which allows not the heaviest elements to cover the first floor.

The installation process consists in the initial placement of the beams at a distance of 60-80 cm. Between them, expanded clay or polystyrene concrete blocks are placed on the lower shelves of the beams. A formwork is formed, on which a reinforcing mesh is placed on top. The structure is poured with concrete and takes time to dry completely.

Warming is carried out using expanded clay, expanded polystyrene, high-density basalt wool or other heat-insulating materials.

Design pros and cons

The advantages of the design are manifested:

• in carrying out installation without special equipment;
• excellent sound and vapor barrier;
• strength of the prefabricated monolithic composition.

But building codes, unfortunately, do not include information and recommendations on this type of flooring. Therefore, its use is allowed in gas-block houses of no more than 2 floors.

Monolithic overlap

Such a modification is being prepared at the site for the construction of the house. The process is quite complex and time-consuming, but indispensable for non-standard forms of the building. The smooth surface in the end and the lack of work on sealing the seams attracts to the choice of this type of overlap.

At the beginning of the process, the installation of formwork for the formation of a monolithic slab is required. Based on financial capabilities and the availability of time, you can buy ready-made inventory formwork or make it yourself from sheet materials or boards at the installation site.

Concrete for pouring the ceiling is prepared according to classical scheme: three shares of sand one cement. Add crushed stone or gravel at your discretion. The first layer of concrete should not exceed one third of the ceiling; a reinforcing cage is placed on it. Then, according to the principle of the pie, the second filling and laying of the reinforcing mesh is done. After the third pouring of concrete, the total thickness of the floor is 15-20 cm.

Increasing the thickness of the layer significantly affects the overall weight of the structure. For a house made of aerated concrete blocks, these are significant parameters. When the concrete reaches approximately 80% strength, this happens for 3-4 days, the formwork can be dismantled.

To reduce the thickness of the ceiling and the overall structural weight, a ribbed monolithic slab is made, including beams and thin concrete layers. The pressure in this case is redistributed not to the walls of aerated concrete, but to the beams.

It takes much more time to form the formwork with the bottom sheets of the profiled metal, which will become the reinforcing base. This option is indispensable in rooms with large spans between load-bearing walls up to 9 m.

Monolithic overlap does not allow self-manufacturing concrete in small mixers. The solution must be ordered in the parameters and volume for a one-time surface pouring in an organization that guarantees product quality.

Pros and cons of a monolithic floor

Advantages:

• large bearing capacity;
• options for non-standard configurations with geometric complexities;
• application in case of significant spans between walls over 6 m.

Disadvantages:

• large time costs for the set of strength characteristics of concrete;
• mandatory calculation of loads on the structure;
• high price of overlap;
• application of technology: mixers and concrete pumps;
• extensive preparatory work;
• strict adherence to the technology of preparation of the solution;
• limitation of work depending on the temperature regime.

Beam ceilings

Ceilings in a gas block house can be made using metal or wooden beams.

The first option is notable for its low price and is popular for the installation of an interfloor structure. The second, similar in construction technology, is very expensive due to the price of rolled metal products and the need for equipment to install heavy beams.

A heat-insulating material is placed between the wooden beams. A crate is installed on the beams on both sides, which, on the one hand, serves as the basis for the subfloor, and on the other, the ceiling surface.

It should be noted that wooden bars must be treated with fire and bioprotective impregnations, and metal floor beams are subject to mandatory anti-corrosion treatment. To prevent the penetration of moisture from concrete to the beams, a layer of waterproofing is needed.

The beam ceiling of a house made of gas blocks has a significantly lower bearing capacity, therefore, it is recommended to use it in buildings with a small area and a distance between walls of up to 6 m. This is especially significant for areas with seismic activity over 7 points.

Advantages and disadvantages

Positive properties of beam technology:

• availability of installation work metal beams and with wooden floors;
• low cost.

Disadvantages:

• application only in two-story houses;
• shorter service life compared to concrete floors;
• the presence of restrictions due to the combustibility of materials.

In an aerated concrete house, any floor can be installed, subject to an accurate calculation of the load on the load-bearing walls. Optimal load for small buildings of 2-3 floors - when installing aerated concrete slabs. The weight, dimensions of the slabs, the average price and technological features of the construction of floors with aerated concrete slabs make this choice available in mass housing construction.

Houses of aerated concrete blocks are built with a height of no more than three floors. Ceilings in houses made of aerated concrete are made taking into account the material of the walls, as well as gas blocks are selected with such characteristics that they can withstand the ceilings.

Types of floors for aerated concrete

• monolithic;
• reinforced concrete slabs;
• aerated concrete slabs;
• wooden or metal beams.

Slab floors

Floor slabs can be reinforced concrete or aerated concrete. Aerated concrete ceiling is lighter than reinforced concrete, aerated concrete slabs are assembled into a monolithic sheet thanks to the tongue-and-groove system. If plates without grooves and ridges are used, then reinforcement is laid in the gap between the plates and a sand-cement mortar is poured. Aerated concrete floor slabs are reinforced with mesh, they can withstand a load of 600 kg per 1 square meter, which is quite enough for an individual residential building.

Scheme of the device for flooring from aerated concrete slabs

Aerated concrete floor slabs can be of different sizes. The slab should be 20 centimeters longer than the span in order to go 10 centimeters onto the wall on each side.

Reinforced concrete slabs are similar to aerated concrete, but they are much heavier, so when using them, it is necessary to accurately calculate the load.

The advantages of slab floors include:

• fast installation;
• good noise and heat insulation;
• high bearing capacity;
• affordable cost.

Monolithic floors

For a monolithic ceiling, a reinforcing cage is made, which is poured with concrete. The thickness of the monolithic ceiling can reach 300 mm. A monolithic floor can be of any shape - this is the main difference from a slab floor, which can only be rectangular. A monolithic floor has a high bearing capacity - up to 800 kg per square meter, but it takes a long time and is expensive to make.

Monolithic floor device

Ceilings by beams

For this option, metal or wooden beams are used, on which plywood or board flooring is laid, and the space between the beams is filled with expanded clay, mineral wool, polystyrene foam or other heaters. This is a proven and inexpensive way to make an interfloor overlap.

An example of a wooden floor in a gas block house

Which floors are better for aerated concrete houses

Foreman's advice:
In houses made of gas blocks, you can make any overlap, provided accurate calculation wall loads. The easiest way is to make the floors wooden or from aerated concrete slabs, because the load from them on the walls is lower than from other materials, and besides, these options are the cheapest.

It is usually believed that internal partitions are not load-bearing, so they are made slightly lower than the load-bearing walls so that the ceilings do not rest on them. Aerated concrete partitions are usually made 2 centimeters below the ceilings so that the ceiling does not put pressure on them, because cracks may appear on the partitions from such a load.

Aerated concrete window and door lintels can be considered a type of ceiling - they are used with the design load according to the project. If the wall thickness exceeds 500 mm, prefabricated lintels can be used. The length of the jumper should be 100 mm more than the width of the opening in each direction.

Video: laying wooden floors in aerated concrete house

The construction of houses from gas blocks is very popular lately. This is caused by the fact that aerated concrete blocks allow you to build a house quickly. The walls are warm, breathable, it is easy to get a smooth surface of the walls.

When determining the design of the house, the question arises of what kind of overlap is best done in houses made of aerated concrete blocks. We will first make a brief overview options, and then we will focus on the wooden floors in the house made of aerated concrete.

Which cover is better

In a house made of aerated concrete, you can arrange different kinds interfloor floors. The most common are floors made of prefabricated reinforced concrete panels, monolithic reinforced concrete and wooden beams.

Brief description of reinforced concrete floors

Reinforced concrete floors have all the characteristics necessary for floors:

• strength;
• durability;
• high bearing capacity;
• good sound insulation;
• high fire resistance and incombustibility.

But, at the same time, there are a number of disadvantages that must be considered when choosing a reinforced concrete floor.

Ceiling from precast concrete panels. In the case of precast concrete panels, it must be taken into account that the plan and configuration of the building do not always allow optimal selection of the panel of the desired size. Since the panels are produced only in a rectangular shape, it is impossible to cover rounded areas and irregular rooms with them. geometric shape. Then there are areas that have to be additionally sealed with monolithic reinforced concrete. Despite the fact that the installation of the reinforced concrete panels themselves is a fairly fast process, it is the installation that can become a factor due to which it will be necessary to abandon the prefabricated panels, since not all areas have the ability to drive a crane to install them.

Advantages:

• quick installation.

disadvantages:

• restrictions on size and shape;
• the need for a crane access during installation.

Monolithic concrete floor. A monolithic ceiling is convenient because it does not require large equipment and can be made in any size and shape. But the construction of a monolith is a very laborious process. This is the manufacture and installation of formwork, the installation of a metal frame, the preparation of concrete and its pouring, the care of concrete during the hardening process. Moreover, when pouring concrete, it is necessary to follow certain technological rules to ensure its uniform distribution in the mass of the slab, which significantly affects the quality of the product. Laboriousness, duration and a large number of so-called "wet processes" may make you think about finding another option for the design of the ceiling.

Advantages:

• the ability to perform overlappings of any shape;
• no big equipment needed.

disadvantages:

• high labor intensity and duration of the process;
• wet process;
• you need a large amount of water, and it may not yet be in such volumes on the site;
• the need to comply with the technological regimes for the preparation and placement of concrete.

A significant disadvantage for concrete floors when choosing a floor material for a house made of aerated concrete blocks, its weight is. Given that aerated concrete is a porous material, it is more brittle than just concrete and brick. And, therefore, in houses made of aerated concrete, it is preferable to use a lighter floor structure.

Brief description of wooden floors

Therefore, very often the choice stops on wooden floors. Wooden floors are lighter than concrete, cheaper, can cover rooms of various configurations.

Manufacturing and installation wooden floors not complicated. For the installation of such an overlap, large equipment is not needed, you can use home-made winches and hand tools.

Advantages:

• a light weight;
• flexibility in configuration;
• the presence of an assortment of wood;
• not complicated installation.

Disadvantages:

• combustibility;
• the need for antiseptic protection.

Wooden floor: construction and installation

The load-bearing element of a wooden floor is a beam. Basically, beams are made of solid wood or glued beams. But it can be used for beams and logs of the appropriate diameter. The approximate dimensions of the beam sections, depending on the step of the beams and the overlapped span, can be found in the table.

Table of sections of wooden beams of the floor, depending on the span and step of the beams, the estimated load on the floor is 400kg / m2.

Fixing the beam in the wall. During the construction of the wall at the design height, floor beams begin to be laid out. The beams are inserted into the wall at a distance of at least 12 centimeters. The end of the beam, which is inserted into the wall, must be covered with a waterproofing material: wrapped with roofing paper, covered with bituminous mastic or other sealant with antiseptic additives.

There should be a small air gap around the beam, the beam should not sit rigidly. To do this, they also make a bevel at the end of the beam at an angle of 60-80 degrees. Between the end of the beam and the outer part of the wall, polystyrene insulation is arranged.

If it is necessary to lengthen the beams, this is done in the form of a lock: the beams are interconnected with an overlap from 0.5 to 1.0 m and fastened with bolts. It is desirable to make the joints of the beams over inner wall or other support.

Floor structure device. For the device of heat and sound insulation of the ceiling between the beams, sound and heat insulation is laid. For this purpose, a roll is made in the lower part of the beams, for fastening of which cranial bars with a section size of 50x50 mm are nailed along the bottom of the beams. Insulating materials must fit snugly against the bars. The bottom of the beams is hemmed with plywood, OSB-board, or plasterboard.

Logs are laid on top of the beams, and a draft floor is laid along them. To improve sound insulation under the subfloor and under the logs, special noise and vibration absorbing pads can be laid.

To improve sound insulation and in order to reduce the possibility of ceiling deflection from the effect of gravity on the floor of the upper floor, there is an option for installing the floor and ceiling on divided beams. The main idea of ​​this method is to separate the floor structure and make different load-bearing beams for the floor of the upper floor and for the ceiling of the lower floor. To do this, the floor is laid on the main load-bearing beams.

Floor beams are laid directly on the wall with armored belt. Between them, ceiling beams are mounted in the middle, which are attached to the wall with brackets.

Ceiling beams are installed with the same pitch as the carriers, so the distance between adjacent beams will be 0.3 or 0.5 meters, respectively. Ceiling beams will not carry heavy loads, their main task is to keep suspended ceiling and a pie from soundproof materials. Therefore, ceiling beams, according to the calculation, can be installed with a smaller section. To place sound insulation, ceiling beams are placed 10-12 cm below the bearing ones. Thus, the floor and ceiling are not connected to each other and possible deflections and sounds from the floor structure are not transmitted to the ceiling structures.

The device of a monolithic belt of an aerated concrete house: why is it important

In houses made of aerated concrete blocks, floor beams are laid along a monolithic belt. A monolithic belt in houses made of aerated concrete blocks is an indispensable structural element. It helps to evenly distribute the load from the floor beams to the wall, which helps to ensure that the aerated concrete in the places where the beams are placed is not overloaded and does not crack. The monolithic belt must be solid and placed around the entire perimeter of the building. This belt is essential for aerated concrete houses. In addition to distributing the load from the ceiling, it also serves to maintain the integrity and stability of the house structure, protects against possible destruction and deformation in the event of possible ground settlement and slight foundation movements. Therefore, special attention is paid to the device of a monolithic belt.

For the device of a monolithic belt, there are special U-shaped gas blocks.

Reinforcement is laid inside this block - 2-4 rods with a diameter of 8-12 mm.

The lower row of rods is laid on special gaskets so that a protective layer of concrete is formed under the reinforcement from below.

If there are no ready-made narrow blocks, then they can be cut from standard ones, aerated concrete is well cut. You can also make a U-block yourself by sawing out the inside of the block with a hand saw.

A frame is made from reinforcement.

Important! The reinforcement is not welded, but twisted with a wire.

At the junction, it is desirable to avoid right angles by bending the reinforcement with an arc.

Embedded parts (rods) can be attached to it, to which floor beams will be attached. From the outer side of the wall, the monolithic belt is insulated with polystyrene. The cavity of the U-shaped block is then filled with concrete.

and filled with concrete

Since special blocks are expensive, or they may not be commercially available, a monolithic belt can be made like an ordinary concrete belt with a metal frame.

In order to outer wall the place of its installation was not visually visible; the installation of the armo belt is carried out as follows, on the outer wall we install aerated concrete blocks 100 mm thick. Then, to avoid the formation of cold bridges, lay 50 mm polystyrene. On the inside of the wall we put the formwork from wooden shield, in the resulting space we lay the armored belt.

Useful video:

A building made of aerated concrete has its own design features that require special attention in its arrangement. When making a ceiling in a house from aerated concrete, it must be borne in mind that this material is quite light and mobile. Therefore, heavy beams in such a house are categorically not suitable, but the best option is a wood floor. Such a frame will exert a minimum load on the load-bearing walls, which guarantees the subsequent stability of the blocks and the absence of cracks on the walls.

Advantages of wood flooring

In addition to light weight, it has a number of other positive characteristics:

Wood is a breathable material, which is very important for proper humidity and air circulation in the room, and even if only the ceilings are made from such raw materials, this will significantly improve the microclimate in the rooms.

Disadvantages of wood

Unfortunately, wood, in addition to its advantages, also has disadvantages that must also be taken into account when making a ceiling in a house from aerated concrete.

First of all, this material is fire hazardous, which dictates certain requirements for observing safety precautions in such a house.

The ceiling conducts sounds quite well, so during installation it is necessary to lay additional sound insulation.

Wood is very susceptible to excessive moisture and does not like temperature changes, under the influence of which it changes its characteristics. This point should also be taken into account during construction.

Wood is not a strong enough material, therefore, when making wooden floors of a house from aerated concrete, it is necessary to install a sufficient number of load-bearing elements.

Preparation for work on the manufacture of the frame of the ceiling

Before proceeding with the work, it is necessary to prepare both the material for the manufacture of the frame and the walls of the house. The fact is that aerated concrete is not a very strong material that does not tolerate compressive loads well, so it must be reinforced without fail.

This is especially important for interfloor frames, which include a wooden floor in an aerated concrete house with a basement. Such foundations bear not only the weight of the materials used in construction, but also the load from the furniture installed in the house and the people living in it. At the same time, the ceilings experience both vertical and horizontal loads, which subsequently have their effect on the aerated concrete walls.

Reinforcement of aerated concrete walls

Blocks of aerated concrete, simply planted on a mortar or special glue, do not always withstand the tensile load, which is why they reinforce the walls. Moreover, this event is best carried out not only immediately before installing a wooden floor in an aerated concrete house, but also in the process of building walls every 4 rows of installed blocks. In addition, such a procedure will prevent the interaction of wooden beams with the material of the blocks.

Beams will subsequently be attached to the reinforcing belt using special anti-corrosion plates. In order to perform reinforcement, strobes 12x12 mm in size are cut into the surface of the blocks, into which reinforcement is laid. In the case of application in walls, it is permissible to lay reinforcement in the seam gaps.

Wood processing

In addition to preparing the walls, it is necessary to compensate for all the shortcomings of wood raw materials. Before making a wooden floor in a house from aerated concrete, it is necessary to treat the material with special impregnations that prevent rotting, the appearance of fungus and mold, and also reduce moisture absorption. All these tools can be purchased at a building materials store or use the old methods of antiseptic treatment. For example, use bitumen or mastic as a waterproofing and antiseptic. It is also recommended to cover the material with means that prevent the ignition of wood.

Mounting Features

The specific characteristics of wood determine some Constructive decisions when making a cover.

First of all, all load-bearing elements are reinforced with metal; for this, all joints in the ceilings are fixed together with stainless steel plates. If the area of ​​​​the room is large enough, it is necessary to add additional elements such as columns or crossbars.

The thickness of the beams is calculated depending on the planned load plus 15-20% in reserve.

Depending on the width of the span used and the load on the wooden floor in the aerated concrete house, the distance between the supporting beams is calculated. At the same time, the rule is observed: the larger the span, the more often it is necessary to install beams. This is necessary to prevent deflection of the beam under its own and accompanying weight.

Installation of load-bearing beams

The installation of load-bearing beams is perhaps the most important work, on which the reliability and durability of the entire floor structure will subsequently depend.

In order to install the beams, special niches are cut out in the blocks of their aerated concrete, into which the crossbars will be laid. The end of the beam is cut at an angle of 75 degrees, and the cut is treated with any available antiseptic. After that, the end of the crossbar is waterproofed with bitumen or mastic and it is wrapped with roofing material.

The beam is laid in the grooves on the walls, which also need to be thermally insulated with mineral wool or polystyrene foam, this will prevent the wood from getting wet. In this case, a gap of 3 cm is observed between the end of the crossbar and the walls of the niche.

After the final installation of the beams, the slots in the grooves are poured into place or with a special solution.

Very long crossbars, over 4.5 m, can destroy the lower part of the niche when bending down, so a 5 mm chamfer is made along the edge.

Arrangement of rolling and laying insulation

A wooden floor in a house made of aerated concrete (photo below) requires mandatory laying of hydro and thermal insulation. Initially, crossbars are made for attaching the skin. As a rule, bars of 50x50 mm in size are used, on top of which shields from boards are fixed.

At the bottom of the bars, the ceiling is sheathed, while drywall or chipboard is most often used. These materials also have a low weight, and the subsequent processing of such a coating is most preferable for finishing work.

On top of the boards, slabs of mineral wool or a more modern insulation - polystyrene foam are laid out, which performs a dual function - not only insulation, but also noise reduction.

Usually the thickness of the insulation is about 10 cm, but when performing a ceiling between the attic and the floor, as well as in the case of an unheated basement, the insulation height must be increased to 20 cm. If mineral wool is used, a vapor barrier is additionally performed to prevent moisture material and prevent condensation. In the case of using expanded polystyrene, this step can be skipped - such material itself is an excellent waterproofing agent.

Logs are laid out on top of the insulation with an interval of 50-70 cm, and a floorboard is mounted on them. At the same time, the gap between the insulation and the boards should not be filled with anything, it is needed for high-quality circulation, which will prevent the appearance of fungus and mold on the final surface.

Modern private houses often have more than one floor. The reason for this is simple - a smaller area of ​​​​the foundation, and therefore a lower cost of construction, with a decent total area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe entire house. The presence of more than one floor at the house requires the arrangement of interfloor ceilings. And this is in addition to the attic, if you are not going to arrange an attic instead of an attic.

Houses built from different building materials require an individual approach. Therefore, there are several methods for installing overlaps. And thanks to new materials, new types of them have arisen.

Overlappings: what are and how they differ

For aerated concrete houses, there are two most suitable type floors - reinforced concrete and wood. Naturally, each of them has its own characteristics, its own advantages and disadvantages, which must be taken into account when choosing the most suitable for you.

Reinforced concrete floors are considered by many to be the most modern and durable. As the name implies, one of the types of reinforced concrete slabs is used in its arrangement. They provide high level fire resistance, they are very strong and durable, there are practically no restrictions on the length. Plates made of this material do not particularly suffer from high humidity. And, most importantly, they have a low price.

Although, of course, this type of overlap has its drawbacks. This is, firstly, the high weight of the plates. They are heavy and large, which must be taken into account when laying the foundation and erecting walls. Due to the same weight, it is difficult to lay them on their own - it is practically impossible to do without special equipment and assistants. In addition, if you do not make an additional concrete or brick distribution belt under the slabs, then they can violate the integrity of the walls. Reinforced concrete requires additional insulation.

According to the type of slabs, reinforced concrete floors are divided into:

• Made from ordinary hollow core reinforced concrete slabs;
• Monolithic.

Ceilings from hollow core reinforced concrete slabs

Hollow reinforced concrete slabs are made from heavy grades of concrete, but lightened with the help of special air void chambers, usually in the form of a cylinder. Sometimes these voids significantly reduce the weight of the slabs.

Among their advantages it is worth mentioning:

1. Great lightness of the whole structure. As already noted, air chambers make it possible to reduce the weight of each slab, which has a positive effect on the level of load on the foundation and walls;
2. Greater strength. Voids not only have a good effect on the weight, but also on the strength of concrete. They create a frame that increases the durability of the material;
3. Simplify installation. Due to their lighter weight, these plates are installed quite quickly and with minimal effort;
4. No restrictions on the shape of the bases. Thanks to hollow core floor slabs, even the most complex shapes can be made in the house;
5. Aesthetics. One of the important problems is the location of communications so that they are less visible. In hollow core slabs, they can be placed inside the chambers.

The main disadvantage of these slabs in comparison with other options for reinforced concrete floors lies precisely in strength. Nevertheless, they are less durable than, for example, monolithic slabs and are more susceptible to moisture and temperature changes.

Monolithic floors are distinguished by the greatest strength, but the price for this is a lot of weight, the largest of all reinforced concrete slabs. The strength of monolithic slabs is achieved through the use of stiffeners and two-layer ligaments.

Of the advantages of monolithic reinforced concrete slabs, it is worth noting:

1. High strength. Their bearing capacity is the highest of all types of reinforced concrete slabs;
2. Ease of manufacture. In order to make such a plate, no special molds or special technological skills are needed. Often they are made right on the construction site;
3. Easy installation.

But all these advantages go along with disadvantages that may seem significant to many:

1. The need for formwork and supports. Although they can be rented, this is still an additional cost. In addition, both formwork and supports are rather bulky;
2. Stop construction at low temperatures. Monolithic concrete it cannot be produced when it is cold, which, in the domestic climate, significantly reduces the time when it is possible to build a house;
3. Freezes for a long time. Pauses in construction will also have to be done due to the fact that monolithic slabs require a long period of solidification;
4. Low level of sound insulation. The sound permeability of such plates is very high;
5. High cost. The production cost may be too high.

Wooden floors: what is it?

Hardwood floors are the most traditional type. During their construction, a material is used that is widely presented in our country, environmentally friendly and quite durable - wood.

They are lighter than reinforced concrete. And this eliminates the need to build a particularly powerful foundation, which is not needed by itself when used as the main building material aerated concrete. Their undoubted advantage is that you can build them yourself, and there is certainly no need to involve expensive equipment.

Wooden floors: construction

The arrangement of interfloor ceilings requires a particularly careful approach to calculating the cross section of beams. The fact is that the load on them can be quite high - these are people, and furniture, and communications - and it must be taken into account. I-beams are often used as the main material of the supporting base. In addition to them, ordinary or glued beams are used.

Beams are laid in increments of 60 cm to 1.2 m. It all depends on their cross section - the smaller it is, the smaller the distance between them. The length that does not exceed six meters is considered optimal, otherwise the deflection may be greater than the required 1/300 of the span length.

When calculating the parameters necessary for the beams, one should not forget that their length should be approximately 30 cm longer than the span, since they go into each wall by 15 cm.

In addition to beams and boards, the design of a wooden floor in an aerated concrete house provides for a reinforcing belt.

Wooden floors: fasten to the walls

It is necessary to lay beams in niches on a reinforced concrete belt, doing this perpendicular to the load-bearing walls. Before fixing the beams in the niches, the latter are covered with a waterproofing material. A conventional roofing material with bituminous mastic, or a modern self-adhesive membrane, can act as a waterproofing layer.

Beams are attached to anchor plates or studs that are installed when pouring the reinforcing belt. Also, instead of them, it is permissible to use steel corners on self-tapping screws and dowels. Between the ends of the beam and the walls of the niche that it is laid, there must be a gap of at least 2 cm, but not more than 3 cm. This gap is necessary in case of thermal expansion.

At the end ends, it makes an incision of 60-70 degrees. It is done so that the wood "breathes" and moisture does not linger in it.

These ends are covered with an antiseptic, for a length of at least 75 cm, but it is important that it is not oil-based. All seams are filled with sealant to prevent rotting. And in the remaining space between the end of the beam in the niche and the wall, a heater is laid.

Beams running along the walls can not be placed right next to them. Between them and aerated concrete blocks, you need to leave a gap of up to 3 cm, which is filled with sealant and insulation.

Wooden floors: interbeam space

The space between the beams is filled only after all work on the installation of the beams has been completed. Boards up to 50 cm thick are well suited here. For rolling, they are nailed from below to the beams. It is possible to make shields from such boards along the cranial bars, but if you use I-beams, then there is no need for them.

It is necessary to lay a layer of insulating and insulating material on the reel, at least 10 cm thick. The point is not only to preserve heat, but also to provide sufficient sound insulation.

After that, you can proceed to the arrangement of the floor. For the floor, wooden logs are nailed to the beams to begin with. The rest depends on the type. floor covering. If it is planned to be wooden, then the boards are placed directly on the logs, but if we are talking about linoleum, laminate or parquet, then first it is worth equipping a continuous leveling coating. Suitable for plywood or chipboard. The roll-up from below can also be hemmed with drywall, clapboard or some other material, depending on what the ceiling should be.

Monolithic reinforced concrete belt: something you can't do without

One of the most important parts of the floor structure in an aerated concrete house is a reinforced monolithic belt. The main task of this belt is to distribute the load from the floors and the roof. Due to the special importance of this belt, it is sometimes also called an annular beam.

For the arrangement of the belt, reinforcement and concrete grade M200 are required. As a reinforcing element, it is best to use steel rods and staples. The diameter of the rods should be about 8 mm, and the staples should be 6 mm.

Staples for connection, rods are installed at a distance of 15 cm from each other. After that, they are placed inside the formwork.

I use U-shaped aerated concrete blocks as formwork. The exact position of the reinforcement inside the blocks is provided by spacers. When they are set and secured, it's time for concreting. But before him it is necessary to moisten the walls of the formwork.

Concrete for a monolithic belt must be laid in layers, each of which is well compacted with a trowel. Metal, especially at the bottom, must be tightly filled with material. After the ring beam is completely ready, all excess concrete should be removed as quickly as possible. If there is a protruding gravel, then it is drowned in the filler. Concrete will harden for about three days. To build walls, a thin layer of mortar is applied to the belt.

General requirements for the construction of wooden floors

The construction of ceilings is a responsible business. It is necessary to monitor their strength, ability to withstand loads. Besides, different types require different approaches. But, if we are talking about a house made of aerated concrete blocks, then there are a number of requirements that must be taken into account:

1. Overlappings can only be laid on a reinforced monolithic reinforced concrete belt, to distribute the load;
2. They should not lie on either internal structures or external walls. The first must be for this below the external load-bearing walls;
3. To hold the supporting structures of the floor, reinforcing bars are installed, which are anchored. The length depends on the type;
4. A gap is left between the floor beams and blocks in the niches, which is filled with waterproofing materials;
5. The length of the beams should not exceed 6 m, and the height and width are calculated based on the span length and the expected load.

Wooden floors for a house made of aerated concrete blocks - the most suitable option both if you build with your own hands, and if you hire builders. Their installation is much easier than reinforced concrete. As a result, the cost is less. In addition, due to the lightness of the design, you do not have to spend on a strong foundation.

The choice in favor of wooden floors is a choice in favor of affordability, strength and durability. This modern choice Because wood is a natural material. No wonder today they are increasingly preferred again. Reviews of wooden floors can be read on the forums.

Video

Watch a video about the construction of wooden floors