Pour concrete stairs into the house. Step by step: do-it-yourself concrete monolithic staircase. Reinforced monolithic concrete stairs

Choosing a ladder reinforcement scheme
Assembling the reinforcing cage of the stairs

Before reinforcement concrete stairs it is necessary to assemble the formwork of the stairs, and then perform the concreting of the stairs. How to do it yourself is described in the article Do-it-yourself concrete stairs.

Bar reinforcement is great for reinforcing concrete stairs with simple shapes.

To understand what and why to reinforce, let's look at the forces that arise on a single-flight staircase.

This will be the force of gravity from the own weight of the stairs, its pedestrians, things brought in and other heavy property. All of the above puts pressure on the stairs from above.

At the same time, in the upper part of the stair slab, the concrete is compressed, and in the lower part it is stretched. All this means that concrete, which is weak in tension, needs to be reinforced at the bottom of the stair slab. In the upper part of the slab of the stairs, in this case, there is no need to reinforce the concrete, where the concrete will perfectly withstand compressive forces without any reinforcement. It should be noted that some private developers, when assembling the reinforcing cages of stairs, lay steel channels, angles, beams, etc. into the formwork on the sides.

Of course, it won’t get any worse, but this is a completely useless waste of metal that is not cheap today. Reinforcement of a concrete staircase with reinforcement at the bottom is more than enough to absorb tensile forces.

The figure shows a reinforcement scheme for a simple single-flight staircase. It can be seen that the single-march monolithic staircase(without a monolithic platform or winder steps) is reinforced only in the lower part of the slab, that is, where tensile forces are concentrated.

Sometimes you can find projects where the top of the stairs near the top surface of the concrete is reinforced with a 100x100x5 mm steel mesh. Such a mesh practically does not increase the rigidity of a monolithic staircase in any way, but only protects the steps from chipping in case of accidental strong impacts.
Such a simple nature of the impact on a simple single-flight staircase allows you to use a simplified methodology to draw up a reinforcement scheme.

Define optimal scheme reinforcement of such simple monolithic stairs is quite possible on your own.

Designations in the figure of the concrete staircase reinforcement scheme: working height of the monolithic staircase slab (H), length of the flight of stairs (L).

The distance between the transverse reinforcement (E) is usually chosen to be 40 cm. Bars with a diameter of 10 mm are used as transverse reinforcement. The optimal distance of power reinforcement to the surface is 3 cm.

The height of the working plate of the stairs (H), the diameter of the longitudinal reinforcement and the distance between the bars of the longitudinal reinforcement (I) is selected according to the table. 1 depending on the free flight of stairs (L).

Table 1. Determination of the longitudinal reinforcement of a single-flight concrete staircase

In the case of a two-flight staircase with a monolithic platform, the forces that arise in the construction of a monolithic staircase, the reinforcement scheme of the concrete staircase becomes more complicated.

The picture shows that, unlike a conventional single-flight ladder without a platform, the own and useful weight of the ladder wants to break off the platforms, as it were, causing tensile forces in the upper parts of the monolithic platforms.

This, in part, is helped by shrinkage stresses. Therefore, monolithic platforms are reinforced both from below and from above, and the upper reinforcement in the platforms partially continues in the stairs. The parameters of the upper reinforcing cage are selected similarly to the lower reinforcement.

The landings of double-flight stairs are under great effort from the weight of the stairs, and therefore must be firmly fixed to the wall.

In practice, to fix monolithic platforms, reinforced concrete crowns are most often used, which are formed by recesses in the walls with an average size of 20x20 cm. Thus, in order to fix a monolithic concrete platform, strong and thick walls are needed, for example, from concrete, concrete blocks or bricks . With brick walls, free recesses are left in them, and in the case of erecting thick walls of monolithic concrete, wooden trapeziums or foam products of the appropriate size are laid at the site of the site.

If the walls are built using the technology of monolithic casting "thermal house", then it is most practical to monolith flights of stairs and a platform during the construction of walls.

Stairs with monolithic platforms to increase structural rigidity should be attached from above to the reinforcing cage with top and bottom reinforcement.

As for the do-it-yourself concrete staircase reinforcement schemes with winder steps and spiral staircases, then their reinforcement schemes with bar reinforcement are too complex and individual.

To compile them, at least, you will have to use special programs for calculations and design of reinforced concrete structures.

Do-it-yourself concrete staircase and its finishing options

Therefore, the design of the reinforcement scheme for such stairs is best left to professional designers, especially since the project itself will be relatively inexpensive in the total cost of a complex staircase.

In order for the bars of the reinforcement cage to maintain their design position in accordance with the reinforcement scheme, you need to fasten all the bars of the reinforcement together. For fastening reinforcing meshes, either spot welding or knitting can be used.

There is an opinion that welding leads to a decrease in the strength of the reinforcement, but this is true only if special high-strength reinforcement is used. In this case, indeed, high-strength hardened reinforcement due to heat treatment at the welding points turns into ordinary building reinforcement. Such high-strength fittings are expensive and are produced by only a few factories in the CIS on special orders.

For conventional building reinforcement, welding does not harm in any way and is the main method of connecting reinforcing cages in industry.

Assembling the reinforcing cage of the stairs

If not at hand welding machine, then the reinforcing mesh can simply be tied with annealed knitting wire using a hook.

Hook for fast binding is convenient to clamp in an electric screwdriver.

It is even more convenient to fasten reinforcing cages with the help of electrical plastic clamps. The truth about this method of connecting fittings is so far hushed up by domestic SNiPs, but this method of bonding is already being used to the fullest abroad and at private construction sites.

To maintain a distance between the bottom of the formwork and the reinforcement of 3 cm, it is convenient to use plastic clamps, which are sold in construction supermarkets.

For a monolithic staircase, it is preferable to use a retainer shaped like a "chair".

Sometimes it is not possible to assemble a reinforcing cage from continuous bars of the desired length.

It is difficult to do this when connecting on bends, since it is not convenient to bend the reinforcement without a bending machine. In this case, it is possible to connect power reinforcement from pieces. The connection is made by welding or ligament. As welding, the easiest way is to use manual electric arc seam welding between the bars of the reinforcement. When welding the bars with an overlap on both sides of the joint, there must be at least 6 diameters, and with a weld on only one side, at least 12 diameters.

In the case of a double-flight staircase with a monolithic platform, the diameter of the wire, which is taken to fix two reinforcing meshes, must be at least 6 mm. If the power reinforcement is connected to each other by tying, then the overlap should be (on average) equal to 50 diameters of the connected reinforcement.

If there are several joints to be connected, then they are staggered so that they are at a distance of 0.7–1 m from each other.

The construction of houses, dachas, cottages has recently been one of the most common "hobbies" for most Russians. Who is richer, he hires professional builders, someone is trying to slowly cope on their own. It is this category that most often searches for building advice on the Internet.

It is for those who want to build their own house with their own hands, our guide about how - " How to make a concrete staircase yourself».

Stairs are usually installed in buildings of more than one floor, but sometimes stairs are required to be made into the basement.

After all, no one can do without a basement today private house. Where else to store the "gifts of nature": potatoes, pickles, preservation and jam?

The most durable and durable is a concrete staircase. And, by the way, the process of its arrangement is quite within the power of a skilled owner.

Calculation of a concrete staircase

If interfloor stairs in a house under construction are planned from concrete, then their calculation is done at the project stage.

How to make a concrete staircase with your own hands: recommended dimensions, materials and technology

If it became necessary to equip a staircase for descending to the basement or to ground floor, then you should take measurements on the spot, make a drawing for the future structure, and then proceed with its construction. Before you make a concrete staircase yourself, you should consider involving a specialist in the work.

In order for the stairs to be comfortable, it is necessary to remember the standard building codes that have been used for a long time.

So, the optimal width of the stairs is 1 meter, the minimum is 80 cm, and the maximum is optional. The optimal step height is 17-18 cm (if facing is planned, then the height of the facing material is minus).

Convenient step width - 28-30 cm, i.e. on the length of the foot, (if the staircase is made with winder steps, then their width is calculated based on the angle of rotation of the stairs).

When calculating stairs, the angle of elevation is important. Optimal - 30-35 degrees. It is important to observe the distance from the ceiling to any step, which cannot be less than 2 m.

Sequence of work

Work must be carried out in a strict sequence:

• mount the formwork;
• to reinforce the frame of the future stairs;
• concrete stairs.

The most time-consuming process is the installation of formwork.

The simplest formwork is made for stairs laid between two walls that perform load-bearing functions. The marking of the future stairs is done directly on the wall and the frame itself is attached to them.

For stairs, which are attached to the wall only on one side, it will be necessary to provide supports.

We put the formwork

The actual formwork for a concrete staircase is a box, at the bottom of which there is a solid slab (it is advisable to close it with a film), side walls that correspond to the shape of the steps, and transverse boards that form the steps themselves.

With a step length of up to one meter, you need to take boards with a thickness of 30-40 mm, and if more than a meter, then you do not need to compact them with a second board. Boards for end formwork can have a thickness of about 30 mm.

Formwork elements can be fastened with wood screws with a diameter of 3.5 mm, they are easier to remove during dismantling than nails.

Corner elements are best connected using metal corners.

The boards that form the steps are set with a slight offset - the second step is made 2 centimeters below the top edge of the first. According to this principle, formwork is built for all other steps. This is done so that the concrete does not fall out from under the boards.

To prevent concrete from soaking into the wooden parts of the formwork, it is abundantly moistened before concreting, or protected with a waterproofing material.

The manufactured formwork must be well strengthened, since the concrete is very heavy and a cubic meter weighs 2.5 thousand kilograms. Therefore, the reinforcement is also attached to the side supports by about 15-25 cm.

For a non-professional builder, the procedure for knitting the reinforcement necessary to give strength to the stairs will be difficult.

Reinforcing cage manufacturing

As a rule, steel ribbed reinforcement with a diameter of 10 - 12 mm is used, which is knitted at the intersections with wire.

There must be at least 3 cm between the bottom of the formwork and the reinforcement.

If you plan to install a railing, then you should make mortgages from wood.

After that, you can start concreting.

Remember that the steps and the slab are poured with concrete in one go. The optimal composition of concrete contains 10 parts of cement, 30 parts of crushed stone, 20 parts of sand, 7 parts of water.

Pouring concrete into the formwork begins from the bottom step, after pouring the mass is rammed and smoothed with a trowel.

Between concreting the steps, it is better to take short breaks - 5-10 minutes to contain the pressure of the concrete.

After pouring all the steps, it is advisable to cover the steps with a film so that the concrete does not crack when it dries quickly.

It is better to start dismantling the formwork after three to four weeks, when the concrete is completely dry. The staircase is ready: it remains to finish it to your taste.

08.12.2013 at 15:12

I. General information

II. Product Main Features

Design

V. Scope

VI. Sample project

VII. Do-it-yourself reinforced concrete staircase manufacturing

VIII. Installation

IX. The average cost of stairs made of reinforced concrete

During the construction of buildings, everything is developed in detail technical details related to engineering projects, construction technologies and building materials.

Multi-storey buildings, cottages, schools, kindergartens, institute buildings, banks, industrial complexes and many other residential and industrial structures have reinforced concrete stairs + reinforced concrete flights of stairs in their master plan.

I. General information

Reinforced concrete staircase and flight of stairs are connecting elements that are installed in special openings between floors or levels (this opening is called a staircase).

These elements are subject to constant kinetic or mechanical stress. Reinforced concrete products are manufactured at reinforced concrete plants, according to standard sizes and building codes applying concrete grade M300. And privately to order - according to individual sketches.

Flights for stairs is an inclined component of the stair structure, which includes load-bearing beams and a certain number of steps (from 3 to 18 steps).

Standard march width, exactly 90cm.

II. Product Main Features

- durable monolithic construction,
- has a long service life
- not subject to destructive effects from sudden temperature changes,
- does not rot and is not destroyed by insects or rodents,
- has high resistance to chemical and mechanical influences,
- does not tend to age
- has high wear resistance,
– the possibility of diversity in the decorative and finishing design of the flooring,
- the ability to manufacture any shape and configuration,
- acceptability of price and quality,
- stair steps are reinforced concrete, fire-resistant and durable.

Reinforced concrete stairs and marches have one single minus - the weighting of the overall structure of the building.

III.

According to the methodology of the production process and engineering technologies, products are divided into:
- on a monolithic type (prefabricated),
- combined type.

By the number of marches used, concrete stairs are classified:
- on single-march,
- double march
- three-march
- and screw.

The form is: straight, L-shaped, U-shaped, U-shaped, curved, screw and exclusive configuration.

According to GOST, reinforced concrete flights of stairs are divided into the following types:
— flat march without frieze step elements (LM)
- march of ribbed type with equipment of frieze steps (LMF),
- ribbed march with a half-platform (LMP).

IV.

Design

All reinforced concrete elements of the stairs - marches, steps, platforms and beams, as well as additional components and fasteners make up the reinforced concrete structures of the stairs, which are obviously displayed in project documentation at home, namely in the drawing of the staircase.

The design parameters of the prefabricated modification divide the products into small-sized and large-sized ones.

A small-sized group is assembled from separate elements into a composition, which includes steps, stringers (or without stringers), platform beams and slabs.

The heaviest of this design are platform beams (300-450kg).

Large-sized or industrial stairs differ in size and number of structural elements: platforms and marches.

v.

Application area

– industrial complexes of all kinds,
- schools and kindergartens,
- airport and railway stations,
- cinemas and restaurants,
- buildings of higher educational institutions,
- ordinary stairs for a reinforced concrete house up to 3 floors,
- multi-storey frame, brick, stone houses and other areas.

VI.

Sample project

Development of drawing and technical information with the provision of all structural details of the future staircase is a standard project. Several options with drawings are provided for consideration by the customer. They include technical drawings with component parts and their dimensions. Drawings can be drawn up individually for each type of stairs. Namely: with straight, L-shaped, U-shaped, U-shaped, curved, spiral staircases.

How to make a concrete staircase with your own hands

In three dimensions and in section, all the complexities of the future structure in combination with the interior of the house are clearly visible.


A typical design of a staircase complex is carried out before the construction of a house (low-rise or multi-storey buildings). It is included in the general construction project.

All details of the project plan are negotiated and agreed with the customer. A typical project for the installation of reinforced concrete stairs and marches can be ordered from state design organizations or private design bureaus.

List of detailed information of the drawing part of the project
exact technical marks for high-rise installation,
range of sizes in the horizontal and vertical plane,
clearance niches for fastening products;
parameters of concrete steps,
all technical data for establishing beam products,
calculation of the resistance of buildings to the additional weight of stairs,

Typical projects are divided into standard (for multi-storey buildings), and non-standard or customized(for private houses).

The first includes prefabricated stairs (factory), consisting of two elements: stairs and march. To the second - all other options.

In typical projects of private houses up to 3 floors and above, they take into account: firstly, the size of the site allocated for construction or installation, secondly, the manufacturing and installation technology, the type of raw materials used in production and the shape of the staircase, thirdly, the place provided for installation (bearing walls, the middle of the hall) and the geographical area.

The number of steps, width, height and shape are agreed with the customer.

VII. Do-it-yourself reinforced concrete staircase manufacturing

The question always arises “how to make a reinforced concrete staircase with your own hands?” When performing this work, some skills in the construction industry are required, as well as to perfectly study the installation steps: assembly of the formwork, installation of the frame from the reinforcement and concrete pouring of the frame.

Formwork assembly is the most sensitive moment– an accurate selection of formwork for each element is carried out.

Formwork can be wooden boards, plywood and metal sheets. During installation, the wooden formwork must be soaked in water to prevent moisture absorption from the concrete and damage. geometric shape steps, etc.

elements. An easy option for manual installation is the option of a wall ladder or an inter-wall ladder. The most difficult operation is the manufacture of formwork for a spiral staircase type.

All options are inherent in the installation of supporting beams from a thick beam.

After final assembly and reinforcement of formwork sections, marches and platforms are reinforced. The role of reinforcement is performed by metal rods and mesh. The final step is pouring concrete. To prepare the concrete composition, you will need cement, sand, crushed stone. All components are diluted with water, then mixed in a concrete mixer for 15 minutes.

Using buckets, the solution is poured into the formwork.

Within 25-28 days, concrete takes one hundred percent maturity time to start decorating. Natural wood, laminate, thick plastic, cork- ideal for finishing work.

Precise technological execution phased construction will give concrete structures strength and appropriate resistance to various destructive environments.

Everything do-it-yourself products, elements and stairs (reinforced concrete) have a number of advantages, namely: high resistance to mechanical stress due to the applied building materials, special decorative finishes and various exclusive forms, therefore stairs in private houses, reinforced concrete, are preferred by all customers with country houses.

VIII.

Installation

Installation begins with the pouring of the concrete pad on the first floor in the flight of stairs. Precise marks are made in advance for reinforced concrete structures. Each plate is checked for defects.

Installation steps: stringers of 2 marches go into the nests of platform beams. The stepped part is superimposed on the stringers, resting on it with its ends, while the leading edge rests on the step lying below.

The march consists of two steps - lower and upper. Their purpose is the transition to the site. In turn, the site is a reinforced concrete slab with an emphasis, which serves as the bearing walls of the building or concrete beams. The handrails are attached with screws to the grate.

The connection of these structural elements is carried out by welding.

Factory marches have a solid section, and treads are folded or overhead. Handrails are delivered to the site in finished form and installed on site. The weight of the reinforced concrete element reaches 1t.

When installing reinforced concrete large-sized positions, teams of professional builders and special equipment (crane) are involved. The installation technology is carried out simultaneously with the construction of high-rise buildings. The phasing of the technological process is recommended to be strictly observed, otherwise it is fraught with unforeseen circumstances - the collapse of stair structures or cracks in the bearing walls and the products themselves.

Installation of stairs on metal stringers reinforced concrete is the easiest option and consists in: installation of stringers, installation of formwork and reinforcement, the last - pouring concrete.

Such an architectural composition can be installed anywhere. Mounted without the use of additional equipment, unless the weight of marches does not exceed 350-400kg.

IX. The average cost of stairs made of reinforced concrete

To the attention of builders - combined reinforced concrete stairs can be bought in ready-made prefabricated form at factories. And also individually it is possible to make reinforced concrete flights of stairs to order in professional companies for the production of reinforced concrete products.

Product type (length) (width) (height) (weight) price

ML30-60-10(9 speed) (3610.0) (1050.0) (1200.0) (1.80) 10570r
ML30-60-12(9 speed) (3610.0) (1200.0) (1200.0) (2.0) 11860r
ML36-60-13(11 speed) (4280.0) (1350.0) (1200.0) (2.70) 17970r
1LM30.11.15-4 (3000.0) (1050.0) (2500.0) (1.480) 9850r
1LM30.12.15-4 (3000.0) (1200.0) (2500.0) (1.70) 10500r
LM1(3910.0) (1050.0) (1600.0) (1.920) 11650r
LM2(4250.0) (1050.0) (1800.0) (2.080) 10750r

Stair structures made of monolithic concrete

During construction country houses and apartments in several levels are used stairs. These integral elements must be practical and safe.

Most often, monolithic concrete stairs have recently begun to be used, since they do not need to be processed after pouring and have a number of undeniable advantages.

1. Calculations and drafting
2. Manufacturing

Device options and advantages

The design can be both indoors and outdoors and, depending on the type, consists of one or two inclined beams and steps.

As load-bearing elements can be used:

• Stringer of a monolithic staircase - can be made of reinforced concrete or steel, the steps are attached from above.
• Bowstring - the steps are inserted into the grooves located on the inside. It is made of reinforced concrete, steel or wood.

Monolithic stairs made of concrete have a number of undeniable advantages: strength, durability, high environmental friendliness.

The design does not require frequent repairs, can be made to order. The advantages include relatively inexpensive materials and work.

It is very important that high-quality monolithic stairs made of concrete are silent and safe.

Main types

Step products are different:

• A concrete staircase for a house can be completely monolithic.

  It is poured into a pre-prepared formwork, dismantled after solidification cement mortar. It is worth noting that for the home this option has recently been used infrequently. There are several reasons for this, but the main one lies in the large weight, due to which the load on the foundation increases significantly. But the basement or courtyard stairs made of concrete are not uncommon today.

• Combined - made of cement-sand mortar and metal.

  They consist of a stainless steel frame and concrete steps. In this case, the formwork is assembled for each of them separately.

There is another classification of monolithic concrete stairs:

• Marching - may contain 1, 2 or more spans, called marches. According to building codes, the ideal angle is 45˚. The most optimal march is considered to have 9 steps, sometimes it is advisable to use more, although then you will also have to make a landing.

  In width, it should be the same as the span, and its length should not exceed 1.5 medium steps. This type is one of the most common.

• Screw or spiral - are a more complex design, so they are not used very often.

  They are not very convenient, but take up little space, so they can be used in small areas. Screw monolithic reinforced concrete stairs are calculated and designed much easier than marching ones.

  Do-it-yourself concrete staircase - calculations, installation, tips on how to do it

  So, if the length of the steps is 0.5 m, the length of the entire staircase structure will be approximately 2 times longer. In the interior of modern houses and multi-level apartments, they look very elegant and stylish. They can be successfully combined with marching ones. So, in the main part of the house, a product of the first type is installed, for example, from the 1st to the 2nd floor, and from the 2nd to the attic - a spiral staircase, which will save not only money, but also space.

The product can be ordered from professional builders or made independently.

It should be noted right away that this is a very time-consuming process, and for those who have never worked with a cement-sand mixture, it is better not to undertake it, as this will jeopardize the safety of movement. Do not forget that a monolithic staircase with your own hands should be made of high-strength concrete.

It should be thick and not slide out of the formwork, thus violating the symmetry.

In order to calculate the height, you need to measure it from the floor to the part of the wall where the last step will end.

After that, visually draw a diagonal from the end point to the floor so that you get a right triangle. Then calculate the most optimal march width, length and height of each step. Do not forget to deduct the height of the upper floor slab, as well as those that will serve as the base of the stairs and its platform, if you decide to make a two-flight structure.

Write down all the calculations on paper and draw a drawing. When calculating the height of the steps, do not forget that they will be lined with some material, such as plastic or carpet, their thickness must be taken into account.

We make a staircase with our own hands

Only the highest quality materials are used. The grade of concrete for the manufacture of a monolithic staircase should not be less than M-300.

• Start with formwork assembly. It is necessary so that the cement-sand mixture does not flow out and does not spread, it is advisable to use moisture resistant plywood. Do not forget about the special adhesive lubricant, which will help you easily and without damaging the surface to dismantle the prefabricated equipment.
• Reinforced mesh, consisting of strong metal rods, welded together by a point method, is an indispensable component of both mid-flight monolithic stairs and spiral ones.

  It performs the function of a skeleton that prevents concrete from cracking and crumbling.

• After the formwork and reinforced mesh are ready, you can start concreting monolithic stairs. It is worth noting that they are installed before the finishing of the dwelling, during construction. Make sure that the concrete is viscous and start pouring it into the formwork. It is more convenient to do this from the top step.

  It is very important to monitor the absence of bubbles and voids; each freshly poured step must be tamped. To do this, use a vibrator.

Stair structures made of monolithic concrete can be used only after the surface has completely dried. And facing work is best left at the time of completion. interior decoration Houses.

Price

If you do not want to do the work yourself, then you can turn to specialists.

The price of a monolithic concrete staircase in Moscow in this case will be approximately as follows:

Do-it-yourself monolithic concrete staircase: photo and video instruction

Concrete is a material of extraordinary strength and durability. But for the builder, its most interesting property is the plasticity of the freshly prepared mixture. If structures from other materials are precisely constructed, that is, they are made up of elements, then concrete ones are poured according to the finished form.

A monolithic concrete staircase is without a doubt the most durable of all.

In this case, the view can be more than fantastic. In this lesson, you will learn how to make a monolithic concrete staircase with your own hands without the involvement of specialists.

To do this, you only need desire, perseverance, patience and determination.

Varieties of construction

According to the method of manufacturing concrete stairs are classified into two types:

1. monolithic - the march and the landing, if any, are a single unit and are made as one structure.

   For a monolithic concrete staircase, the price varies depending on the structure;

2. combined - march elements are produced separately. For example, a metal frame is installed, and steps for stairs are made of concrete.

In the first case, the entire process is carried out at the installation site. In the second, the structure is only assembled on site.

Do-it-yourself calculation, installation, pouring and finishing of concrete stairs

In the photo - monolithic stairs made of concrete.

Requirements

A concrete structure, with its other advantages, has one significant minus for private construction - a lot of weight.

Therefore, before deciding how to make a concrete staircase in the house, you first need to make sure that the wall and floor can withstand such a load.

A standard march 4 m long and 1 m wide march weighs about 2.5 tons. Such structures should be supported by either a monolithic foundation or a reinforced concrete beam.

When installing in an already finished building, another difficulty may arise.

If a layer of heat insulator is placed under the coating, then under the weight of the march it will push through. Before installation, it is necessary to disassemble the floor and remove the insulation.

Construction of concrete stairs

This whole process is laborious and lengthy, since the installation of the formwork, and pouring, and, most importantly, the hardening of the material, take a lot of time.

However, a do-it-yourself concrete staircase is a doable task.

Do-it-yourself work on the construction of concrete stairs is carried out in several stages:

• layout;
• formwork device;
• reinforcement;
• pouring concrete.

preliminary calculations

The manufacture of concrete stairs will not require excessive effort if its construction is foreseen at the planning stage.

The easiest option is to make steps between two walls. And the formwork in this case is simple, and the volume of concrete is minimal.

If the building has already been built, then the arrangement of stairs will depend on the parameters of the room.

When choosing a project, you need to remember some features:

• the steeper the march angle, the less concrete will be required and the lower the price of the product.

  But at the same time, the greater the slope, the more difficult it is to rise and fall along it;

• it is easier to build a landing than winder steps;
• for spiral staircases, it will require a lot of custom-shaped formwork panels, which will greatly complicate installation. The price goes up as well.
• when calculating, it is necessary to take into account the recommended sizes of steps, otherwise it will be extremely inconvenient to use it.

Formwork manufacturing

In fact, this is a wooden form on which concrete is poured.

Formwork is constructed from plywood with a thickness of 12–18 mm or edged boards at 3 cm.

1. If the formwork for a concrete staircase is intended to be used once, then the material is not protected. If repeatedly, then the product is covered with glassine, old linoleum, roofing material.
2. The material is fastened with wood screws: nails are difficult to remove after concreting.
3. For props and temporary racks, a beam with a cross section of up to 10 * 10 cm is used. The number of props is calculated based on the fact that a pine beam 3 m long can withstand up to 150 kg.
4. All elements are cut from plywood or boards with a jigsaw and assembled according to a sketch.

   When finished, the formwork looks like a staircase model, which lacks only top part steps and platforms.

5. It is better to make side formwork from plywood, the bottom from boards, as shown in the photo.

Reinforcement of the staircase structure

Before pouring the formwork of the stairs with concrete, reinforcement is made.

The metal frame significantly increases the strength of the product, prevents cracking and crumbling of concrete. Mounting rods and steel mesh are used.

1. At the stage of installing the formwork in the wall, you need to make strobes for attaching mounting rods.
2. Transverse rods are fixed in the strobes, then longitudinal rods are laid - the step between them depends on the length of the span.
3. Reinforcing bars are fastened either by spot welding or wire knitting.

   The latter method is more appropriate for a small amount of work.

4. The resulting frame mesh should rise 5–10 mm above the bottom. To do this, plastic bosses are installed under the grid.
5. The side edge of the step is reinforced with a reinforcing bar, the top is reinforced with a flat steel mesh fixed to the main frame.

Stair concreting

For pouring concrete stairs, a mortar grade of at least B15 is used.

The composition is made independently in a concrete mixer. At least 4 parts of crushed stone (fraction 10 - 20 millimeters) must be added to the finished solution so that the concrete does not flow out of the formwork during pouring.

The technology for the construction of stairs made of concrete provides for a sequence of the following steps:

1. Concreting of stairs is done at a time, so it is advisable to prepare the solution in one portion.
2. The formwork is wetted with water.
3. Filling is done from the bottom up.
4. The steps are rammed and carefully leveled with a trowel.
5. Concrete surfaces are covered with a film to prevent uneven drying.
6. Formwork and supports are removed after the concrete has hardened - not earlier than after 4 weeks.

Concrete monolithic stairs are designed for the most severe operating conditions.

For external structures, it is difficult to find a more resistant and unpretentious material. Inside the building, the attractiveness of the structure is equally important. Finishing is possible the most diverse: wood paneling, cladding artificial stone or ceramic tiles, a combination of materials. The choice of design depends only on the features of the interior and personal tastes.

The video below will tell you in detail about the construction of a monolithic concrete staircase on your own!

Good luck with your construction!

Do-it-yourself monolithic concrete staircase: video

Almost any modern building is built with interfloor transitions or porch steps. Based on the strength characteristics of the material, monolithic concrete stairs are most often poured. Such structures can have various shapes, carry various physical loads and be located both inside the building and on the street.

In our article, we will tell you what you should pay attention to when constructing a staircase made of cast-in-situ concrete, how not to make mistakes with calculations during the design process, what form of steps should be preferred in various conditions, and we will also describe the stages of construction.

Concrete stairs vary depending on:

• the way they are made,
• span structures,
• march arrangements.

Preparation method

During construction, factory prefabricated structures marches or poured into the formwork directly at the location. Factory designs guarantee the strength of the building element.

If the chosen method self-manufacturing flight of stairs in place, you should carefully consider mixing the solution and observing the pouring technology.

Marching stairs

This is the most common type of construction. Their advantages include simplicity in the device and safety in operation.

A transition can consist of one or more flights and can be connected in various ways:

Marching concrete monolithic stairs usually rest on the wall of the building at least on one side, so the reinforcement of such steps is mounted with emphasis on the bearing part of the building.

Screw structures

Construction technology

Work on the device of the flight of stairs includes several stages:

1. choice of construction type
2. calculation and design,
3. installation of formwork panels,
4. reinforcement of the future span,
5. pouring concrete solution.

In addition, it must be taken into account that a reinforced concrete monolithic staircase requires mandatory decorative processing, which will simultaneously perform a protective function. Concrete has a porous structure, therefore, in direct contact with external environment, raw elements will begin to break down over time.

Construction type

If it is decided to arrange concrete monolithic stairs in a private house, one should start with careful calculations and drafting. Concrete pouring, being the most budgetary, does not forgive mistakes.

If a mistake is made during the design, the correction of inaccuracies and shortcomings in the construction process will entail quite significant costs. Everything will have to be redone, starting with the formwork panels. At the same time, it is practically impossible to reuse the material.

Monolithic Concrete Stairs: On-site fabrication of structures by pouring into formwork should begin with a careful measurement of the existing building. In the event that the staircase is arranged simultaneously with the entire structure, the first two stages are closely interconnected.

The choice of design option is often limited by the place of its installation. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account certain requirements for the dimensions of the steps in order to use the stairs comfortably.

On a note! In a limited small space of a residential building, the possibility of forming a spiral staircase should be considered. Reinforced concrete monolithic stairs along stringers are suitable for tight spaces. Visually, this design looks light, without cluttering or weighing down the space.

If the size of the room allows you to place a flight of stairs with a comfortable level of slope, you should give preference to simpler, straight flights.

Design

When drawing up a project, one should take into account building codes and dimensions developed and adopted taking into account standard loads.

The instruction for designing a reinforced concrete staircase, regardless of the type of structure and its location, involves determining the main dimensions of the structure as a whole and all its elements:

• bias. This indicator mainly depends on the size of the room. The most convenient steps for use are located at an angle of 30-350. In this case, the slope of the stairs may be different. But keep in mind that the steeper the stairs, the more difficult it will be to use. This indicator is especially relevant for premises that will be used by children and the elderly.
• The width of the stairs and the platform between the marches. Even at the design stage, it should be taken into account that for a convenient passage of one person, this indicator should be at least 0.9 m. At the same time, structures with winder steps require a greater width, since not the entire area of ​​the step is suitable for movement, but only center part.
• The tread or horizontal surface of a step is usually between 25 and 30 cm. The net dimension is taken into account when designing and calculating the slope. For a comfortable step, the tread can be increased by providing an overhang. In this case, this indicator should not exceed 30 mm.
• The riser or vertical part of the step should have a size in the range of 13 - 19 cm.

On a note! At the design stage, the number of steps is determined. It is recommended to calculate the size of the steps so that there are an odd number of them in the march. It is more comfortable to start and finish the descent or ascent of the stairs with one foot.

Formwork and reinforcement

Depending on the type of construction, the order of work may vary. Most often, the sequence of events is as follows:

• install the lower formwork panels;
• reinforcement of a monolithic reinforced concrete staircase is laid;
• the formwork of the upper boundaries of the steps is mounted.

Shields must be made of moisture resistant material. It is necessary to fix the formwork, taking into account that at the end of the work it was quite easy to remove it.

Usually, self-tapping screws are used for fasteners, which can be safely unscrewed. All structural elements are precisely adjusted to the size of the steps and installed without gaps to prevent leakage.

A staircase made of monolithic reinforced concrete must have volumetric reinforcement. The lower longitudinal and transverse bars should not touch the bottom, there should be a distance of at least 20 mm between the shield and the reinforcement.

Between themselves, the bars are welded or tied, depending on the type of reinforcement. Structurally, the reinforcement of the stairs should be tied to the load-bearing walls of the building. To do this, bars are driven into the walls to a depth of 20 cm with a step equal to the size of the tread.

On a note! At this stage, it is necessary to reinforce the edge of the steps with a reinforcing mesh and install embedded metal parts for attaching the railing.

Concrete pouring

A monolithic concrete staircase is poured in one go - this is the basic rule and the key to a long and successful operation of the structure. When self-filling, it is better to purchase the required amount of the finished solution in a specialized organization.

Mix the solution in required quantity and pour it into the formwork at the same time is quite problematic. Concrete is poured from the top step, equal to the tread plane in the course of pouring. When pouring from the bottom step, you will not be able to move up without violating the integrity of the lower steps.

After the entire volume of the stairs is filled, the concrete is left to dry. It is very important to avoid excessive evaporation of water from the solution. To do this, the fill is covered with a film, during the drying process, periodically moistening on average for a week.

After the concrete has gained initial strength, the film is removed and the upper formwork panels are twisted. It is recommended to remove the lower part of the formwork no earlier than after 21 days. At this point, the concrete will gain up to 90% strength. You can learn more about how to arrange monolithic concrete stairs yourself by watching the video in this article.

Conclusion

When deciding to arrange mid-flight or spiral reinforced concrete monolithic stairs in the house, you will definitely get a reliable, stable and safe structure as a result. At the same time, the price of such a ladder, compared with similar structures, is the most budgetary.

With the correct calculation of the dimensions of the steps and the observance of the pouring technology, the structure will serve long years. And the possibility of using decorative finishes with almost any material will allow you to create an interior of various styles.

Stairs are an essential element in the construction of private houses. It provides a comfortable lift to the upper floor, it can be straight or rotary, curved or helical. For a house built of wood, a wooden staircase is perfect, but for brick or block buildings, a concrete option suggests itself. Making formwork and pouring a concrete product without the help of specialists is not as difficult as it might seem, especially after reading this article.

Peculiarities

Any ladder must have a high degree of reliability and safety. According to the calculation of the owners of the house, such a design is built for centuries. But, in addition to strength, the aesthetics of the structure play an important role. All of these criteria have monolithic concrete stairs. These are durable, resistant to any impact structures, which in all respects are superior to wooden and metal counterparts.

By design There are also many ideas for concrete stairs that will allow you to realize any fantasies and requests.

Advantages and disadvantages

If you have not yet decided whether it is worth installing a monolithic staircase or not, we recommend that you analyze all its advantages and disadvantages, and only then draw conclusions. Particular attention should be paid to indicators such as cost, design options and performance.

Experts note the following advantages of concrete structures:

• Versatility. Concrete stairs can be installed both inside the house and on the street. The degree of air humidity does not affect its functionality. Subject to right technology pouring it will last for several decades.

• High degree of strength. Concrete is not comparable to any other material. It has excellent resistance to dynamic loads. The ladder will not loosen over time. The absence of a creak when moving along it will also please.

• High fire performance. In case of emergency, such stairs serve as an evacuation route. Therefore, resistance to fire is an indisputable advantage.

• Variety of shapes and finishes. Only concrete pouring will allow you to give the most intricate and original shape. It is possible to perform any finish option: wood, MDF, laminate, ceramic tile, stone, glass, etc.

Along with all the advantages presented, there are some features of durable concrete products that may exclude the possibility of their construction:

• Huge weight. For a structure of this type, it is necessary to have a reliable base and overlap. Otherwise, you should not take on the device of such a ladder.

• Big labor costs. The erection of any concrete monolith is a multi-stage process that requires physical effort and patience.

• Difficulty of installation. When working with reinforcement and concrete mix, it will be difficult to cope alone, so it is better to invite a couple of assistants.

• Long period of commissioning. Concrete after pouring must be cured for at least four weeks. You can't use the stairs right away.

Many people think that concrete products have a rough look. Such accusations are groundless, since good finish turn the design into a work of art.

Payment

No need to hope that a concrete staircase can be built "by eye". Any inaccuracy will significantly reduce all the advantages of the design and make it unsafe. It is necessary to make it a rule that any construction must be carried out in accordance with generally accepted standards and in compliance with technology. Correct settlement processes play one of the most important roles.

main parameters

To begin with, determine the installation site of the structure. The area allotted for the lifting device to the upper floor will affect its size. Even at the stage of creating a house project, you should pay special attention to the allocation of stair space.

The following parameters are taken into account:

• ladder height;
• projection of the structure on the floor;
• opening width;
• step depth;
• riser height.

Be sure to calculate the parameters of the opening above the stairs. The distance from any step to the upper floor should not be less than a person's height.

steepness

For the device stairs in the domestic environment, the angle of inclination should be comfortable. Take into account the fact that both small children and the elderly will use it. The steepness of devices for convenient movement varies between 30-45 degrees. The last parameter is critical. Optimal Angle slope for stairs in a private house is 40 degrees.

The length of the flight of stairs

The length of the stairs is determined by the area allotted for its device. It is calculated using a geometric formula - the Pythagorean theorem. To do this, it is necessary to measure such parameters as the distance from the floor to the ceiling on the second floor and the length of the projection of the proposed structure. These two quantities are considered to be the legs of a right triangle, the length of the stairs is the hypotenuse. To calculate, you need to add the squares of the resulting numbers, and then take the square root.

Calculation of the number of steps

Step parameters are also given special attention. To begin with, the number of expected steps is determined. In this case, the projection of the concrete product on the floor is divided by the width of the tread and the number of steps is obtained. As practice shows, the result is not an integer. Next, an adjustment is made - extra centimeters are added to the first or last step.

Convenient movement for a person on a concrete staircase is when they start and finish the ascent with the same foot. Therefore, it is better to make the number of steps odd.

Width and Height

The parameters of the steps determine the comfort of a person's movement along them. The height should be such that it is not necessary to raise the leg too high, and the width should correspond to the size of the foot. All these points are analyzed and reflected in the regulatory documents.

The optimal parameters of the steps are: width - 20-30 cm, height - 16-19 cm.

On the video: types of concrete stairs, dimensions of steps and calculation of a simple march.

Creating a concrete monolithic staircase

To pour a concrete staircase with your own hands, you need to make an effort. For a better understanding of the process, we present step by step instructions structures of a two-flight concrete staircase with a rotation angle of 90 0 and a platform.

Preparatory work (formwork erection: beginning)

After the calculations have been carried out and the type of structure determined, the installation of the formwork begins. The considered example of a concrete staircase is installed in the corner of the room against the wall. In this case, to begin with, mark the location of the profile. The bottom line matches the placement of the formwork. Start building the formwork frame.

Assembly is carried out according to the following instructions:

1.Bearing beams are installed. The entire monolithic structure will rest on them, so their dimensions should be 50 × 150 mm. We cut the end parts of the beams at the right angle. The length of the part must correspond to the size from the bottom base of the stairs to its landing. It is necessary to fasten the beam to the wall below the broken line by the thickness of the plywood sheet (approximately 15 mm). It is better to fasten the beam with concrete dowels 150 mm long.

2. Supports are installed under the beam. They need to be placed in increments of 0.5 m. One of them is common for a beam and a platform. Therefore, you need to install it with a ledge half the width of the board. The support must be cut correctly: one edge of it is cut at a right angle, and the second corresponds to the angle of steepness of the stairs. The length of each support corresponds to the distance from the floor to the beam in the place where it will be installed. The upper end is attached to the beam with self-tapping screws screwed at an angle.

3. Proceed to the formwork deck. To do this, install the second beam strictly parallel to the one attached to the wall. To accomplish this task, first a bar with the same location is attached to the beams. It will also serve as a support for the transverse beams of the deck. The crossbars are installed in increments of 30 cm. Their purpose is to hold the OSB sheet together with concrete.

4. A frame is formed from the beams with the letter P - the basis for the landing. Two parts are attached to the wall, and the third to the end of the beams. Supports are installed under it and the free beam - the outer side of the formwork. To ensure that the racks do not accidentally move during the pouring process, they must be fixed with a common board at the base of the floor.

5. Jumpers are installed under the OSB on the site. So that they do not bend under the weight of concrete, it is better to build a support under each jumper. All of them are connected by a board at the base of the floor.

6. Start plating. To do this, parts are cut from the OSB sheet according to the exact dimensions indicated on the ladder diagram. The parts are laid on the crossbars and fixed with self-tapping screws 55 mm long at a distance of 20 cm. After that, the strength of the deck is checked, it should not sag under heavy weight.

7. The sides and the second march are being installed. Strips of OSB, the lower part of which is aligned with the edge of the formwork. The height corresponds to the expected thickness of the monolith. The second flight of stairs is mounted in the same way.

Reinforcement

An important point in the installation of a concrete staircase is its reinforcement. Only in this way it will be possible to achieve the necessary strength and reliability of the structure.

Strengthening of the structure is carried out by means of reinforcement. It is not necessary to oversaturate the elements with metal. This does not affect the degree of strength, and the weight of the stairs increases significantly. In this regard, it is necessary to be guided by the standards, which state that the total area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe reinforcement should be 0.25% of the cross section of the part. Knowing all the indicators, it is not difficult to make the appropriate calculations.

Calculation of the minimum number of bars of longitudinal reinforcement of a flight of stairs

We start by defining the main parameters:

• march width;
• plate thickness;
• diametrical section of reinforcement.

The diameter of the reinforcement is determined by the dimensions of the flights of stairs. Up to 3 m, rods with a diameter of 10 mm are used, and above - 12 mm. According to the structure, only corrugated reinforcement is selected.

The rods must be laid with a distance between them of 250-300 mm. These are the minimum figures. Otherwise, small cells will prevent the uniform distribution of concrete. Inside the slab, the bars are placed so that the concrete layer (both above and below) is within 2-5 cm.

To calculate the minimum number of longitudinal bars, you can use online calculators. They are used to perform more complex calculations. For example, for a ladder 800 mm wide and 150 mm thick, using rods with a diametrical section of 10 mm, you will need at least 4 longitudinal rods.

An example of reinforcing a concrete staircase [step by step]

Do-it-yourself reinforcement requires right choice material and calculations. A high-quality bundle of rods is also performed. In this case, the linkage will be made with a special knitting wire.

The reinforcement process is as follows:

1. Along the deck there are 4 rods with a diametrical section of 10 mm in this order: on the sides, one rod at a distance of 7 cm from the edge and two with a uniform step between them. The pitch between the bars turned out to be 220 mm.

2. Under the bars, it is necessary to provide supports that would facilitate the location of the frame inside the monolith. Masters get out of this situation in different ways. But, it is best to purchase special polymer racks.

3. Moving to the site, the rods are bent, and the ends are inserted into the prepared holes in the wall. Often, the masters lead all the rods into the walls.

4. Next is the installation of transverse rods. They are arranged so that the result is a reinforced mesh. Binding at the intersection of the longitudinal and transverse bars of the reinforcement is carried out using a knitting wire.

5. Next, the process is repeated on the upper flight. To do this, first, the ends of the rods are released from the ceiling and bent so that they can be welded to the top level. The rest of the process is no different from what was on the lower march.

On the video: the frame of a monolithic staircase.

Completion of formwork installation (installation of riser partitions)

After the reinforcement, they proceed to the final process of the formwork device - the installation of partitions, which, after pouring with concrete, will become the basis for the risers.

The work is as follows:

1. To begin with, panels are cut from the OSB, which will serve as partitions for the steps. The dimensions of the panels fully correspond to the height of the riser and the width of the march.

2. Then three more parts are prepared from 50 × 150 boards: a supporting part, the dimensions of which are equal to the dimensions of the panels, and two 100 × 150 segments each for attaching jumpers to the sides of the formwork.

3. Fastening jumpers can start from any position - from above or below. On the sides of the formwork, markings are applied to facilitate installation.

4. First, boards with segments are connected, and then to the sides. A jumper is placed inside. After installing each part, you should carefully double-check the dimensions, install supports.

During the installation of the formwork, you must have mounting foam. It closes up the formed cracks so that the concrete does not flow out.

pouring stairs

After the formwork is installed, they proceed to concrete pouring. At this stage of work, it is also necessary to strictly observe the technology.

The main feature of the concrete pouring process is that it must be done in one go. In this case, it makes no difference whether the staircase is small or large. Otherwise, the solidity of the structure is violated and its reliability and strength are reduced. Therefore, you should worry about creating conditions for quick work or order ready-made concrete.

In the case of making a solution with our own hands, we determine its composition. It is best to use concrete grade M-300 or M-250. For these compositions, cement, sand and crushed stone have the following ratio: M-250 - 1: 2.1: 3.9 and M-300 - 1: 1.9: 3.7.

The fractionation of crushed stone is also important - 25-30 mm. Larger material will not be able to qualitatively fill the space under the reinforcing belt.

As for the ratio of water and cement, it should be slightly less than usual, approximately 0.6. It is necessary to ensure that the concrete is plastic and does not have a high degree of fluidity. Experts recommend adding plasticizers to it, which are widely sold in hardware stores.

Calculation of the amount of solution [+example]

Calculating the amount of concrete mortar needed is simple. You need to remember the lessons of geometry again. In this case, you need to find out the volume of the structure. In its shape, the staircase can be brought closer to a rectangular parallelepiped. To calculate the volume, multiply the length by the width and thickness of the plate. A margin of 10% is added to the result obtained. Knowing the volume, the amount of bulk materials can be calculated using an online calculator.

You only need to enter certain parameters in the fields. For example, the stairs correspond to the following parameters:

• march width - 0.8 m;
• span length - 2.5 m;
• plate thickness - 0.15 m;
• step height - 0.2 m:
• tread width - 0.25 m;
• number of steps - 9;
• the length of the supporting platforms is 0.6.

The online calculator will give the following result: you need to order 0.61 m 3 already with a 10% margin. In the case of self-production of the solution, 160 kg of cement grade M-400 is required; 310 kg of sand (0.19 m 3), 600 kg of crushed stone (0.41 m 3).

The stage of pouring a concrete staircase [step by step]

The formwork is ready, the materials for the concrete composition have been purchased, it is time for concreting. You can fill the stairs by following this plan:

1. Completely clean the structure from dust and debris that could get there during the construction of the formwork, it is easier to do this with a vacuum cleaner. It is better to place a concrete mixer in the immediate vicinity of the structure so as not to carry a heavy solution far.

2. Let's start mixing concrete. Pour half the amount of water along with the plasticizer, turn on the concrete mixer. Then we add one part of crushed stone, it will allow to stir the contents uniformly and separate the sticky mixture from the walls. This is followed by cement and sand, and finally the rest of the rubble and water.

3. The stairs are poured from the bottom step, and gradually rise to the upper elements. After the concrete has been dumped into the formwork, it must be immediately bayoneted with a piece of reinforcement or a trowel. This will help evenly distribute the mixture and expel excess air.

4. The result will be much better if you use a special vibrator for concrete. You need to try not to touch the reinforcing belt. Next, the surface is leveled with a trowel, excess concrete is removed and smoothed.

5. After the concrete has gained the required strength, after a few days, depending on the temperature in the room, the formwork is dismantled and then polished using a grinder with a special nozzle.

Finish options

For further use of the concrete stairs, they think over its finish. There are many options for this. The tree looks very advantageous, it is light and fits perfectly into almost any interior. Wood can be trimmed with steps, balustrades, handrails. Can be combined with nickel-plated and forged elements in fences.

Also often used in the decoration of materials such as stone, glass and plastic. Possible variant- Ceramic tiling.

Starting to create a concrete staircase on your own, you need to conduct thorough preparation, especially for beginners. Correct calculations, drawing up an accurate drawing, adherence to technology - the key to future success in construction. All the necessary recommendations are presented in this article. In the absence of experience, it is better to start with a small staircase outside the house, for example, make steps to the porch.

All multi-level structures are equipped with interfloor transitions - stairs. If country house in 2 floors is built of wood, then the stairs should be made of lumber. For brick houses, concrete stairs are more suitable, which can be done both independently and with the help of specialists. The work is not easy, you will have to invest a lot of time and effort into the design.

Typical pros and cons

Multi-level concrete products must meet all requirements. If the manufacturing technology is violated, then there is a risk of deformation or cracking of the stairs. However, these are rare cases. Concrete stairs for the home are the most reliable and durable, so the majority of homeowners choose monolithic structures. They have the following advantages:

Concrete creates spiral, straight, angular and any form of stairs. Among the pluses, there are minuses, but these are most likely technological difficulties than disadvantages . These include the following:

Some owners choose U-shaped interfloor passages. They are financially more profitable and easy to manufacture. In addition to them, there are more beautiful models - these are screw structures, but their installation will require competent calculation. It is better for builders without experience to start making simple products, for example, a concrete porch.

Correct calculations

Some beginners believe that the manufacture of concrete stairs is done “by eye” without correct calculations. The exit will be a completely unsafe staircase. It will not last for a long time, and asymmetrical steps will make it difficult to move.

For the construction of interfloor products, there are special standards for the angle of inclination of the concrete march. They cannot be dismissed. Therefore, before starting the construction of a house in 2 levels, it is necessary to draw up a project in which the parameters of the stairs will be calculated. If this is not done, then you will have to act along the way. When calculating, you should adhere to the following rules:

In some cases, homeowners have to build three-level flights of stairs. This is due to the fact that the location of the opening on the second floor does not allow the manufacture of a classic single-flight or two-flight staircase. Therefore it is necessary to create a special project.

Safety Formula

Specialists always use the ladder safety formula. Due to it, you can determine the correct ratio of the height of the steps and the width of the tread. The formula is for the step of an average person: s=2h+d. Everything in order:

• S - the step range is 60-64 cm, the length is considered normal, however, for tall and short people, such parameters can complicate the movement along the march;
• H - step height;
• D - tread width.

The parameters of future steps can be calculated using an online calculator or using a graphical method. All data obtained should be reduced to a real flight of stairs. The height of the lift is divided by the number of steps obtained. Most likely it will be a fractional number. It must be rounded in such a way that a person, while moving up the stairs, can finish the ascent with the foot on which he stood on the first step. But the rule is not mandatory.

To get the exact number of steps, the height of the rise must be divided by the rounded number of steps. Now in almost every region there are manufacturers producing ready-made concrete stairs. Here the golden mean operates and the usual span consists of 9 steps. Experts advise doing an odd number of steps.

Step by step manufacturing

The work involves 4 stages without finishing: preparation, installation of formwork, reinforcement and pouring. The last step is finishing. This will describe the manufacture of concrete stairs with two flights and a platform.

Preparatory work

Preparation for the main work is carried out only after all calculations. If the house is for two owners, then the neighbors should be warned about the impending construction of a concrete staircase. Step by step operation:

Important! Stairs are marked so that Decoration Materials, which will be used in what follows, were in the same plane. For example, if a tile acts as a finish for the stairs and the floor of the second floor, then a threshold should not form at the junction of the second march with the floor. Sometimes errors are made in the calculation, since this factor is not taken into account.

Formwork creation

Formwork is created from OSB boards, bars, boards and supports. All parts are cut to the same size, for example, boards are prepared in one length of 100 cm. They will be needed to form steps. Also cut wooden blocks- they must be the length of the step height. Manufacturing process:

At the last step, polyethylene is laid on the flooring, which will prevent the concrete from leaking through the cracks. The film should fit not only on the flooring, but also on board.

Structural reinforcement

For reinforcement, you need a wire with a diameter of 1.2 cm. Due to it, you need to make a grid with cells of 20 cm. To fix the material together, only a special hook and a current wire are used. Welding here will be superfluous, because polyethylene is laid on the flooring, and hot sparks will melt it, as a result of which the concrete will leak. Easy way to reinforce:

This is how the reinforcement of a concrete staircase is done. As you can see, the flights of stairs are completely tied to the wall - this indicates a high safety of the structure. The work is painstaking and long, but for the construction of a quality staircase you will have to work hard.

pouring concrete

To make the product monolithic, you should fill it in one day. Otherwise, the concrete staircase will not be solid. The pouring process is the most difficult stage of all:

This is where the work ends. The concrete staircase will dry for approximately 4 weeks. In addition, the owner of the house needs to periodically pour water over the concrete. After absolute drying, the last step is to finish. Concrete monolithic stairs can be finished with wood or tiles.

For the construction of concrete staircase structures, you can use different technologies, a lot of stairs have been built with the help of each of them: monolithic, combined, prefabricated and typesetting. But with the general advantages of reinforced concrete products, only monolithic has the most complex configuration and any dimensions that do not contradict standards.

From left to right: a monolithic structure, a structure with elements of a metal frame, serial factory marches, stacked steps

The company "MONOLITHICKSTAIRS" offers its customers exactly this technology. Moreover, we were the first to use a self-supporting welded frame in the production of our structures, which increased the quality of our products many times over. We invite all our potential customers to familiarize themselves with the 4 stages of the technological process in order to make sure of its thoroughness and reliability.

Only the monolithic technology of stairs allows you to create structures of such complex geometry.

1. Calculation of concrete stairs and drafting

Straight U-shaped stairs Straight L-shaped stairs Straight winder U-shaped stairs Semi-spiral stairs Front, facade stairs Non-standard stairs

The important features are:

• Climb angle. It depends on him what will be the length of the stairs. Having the same height, the one that has a smaller slope will be longer. And this entails the use of more materials for its construction.
• Step size. Having decided on the length, calculate the dimensions of the steps. Their optimal height (H) is 16-20 cm, and their width (L) is 27-30 cm. These parameters correspond to the physiological capabilities of a person making an ascent and descent. The formula that the dimensions must correspond to is 2H + L \u003d 60-64 cm.
• Ladder width. It provides convenient movement, and also allows you to carry out the transfer of bulky items and furniture. It is not recommended to build gatherings narrower than 0.9 m.

2. Assembling the formwork for concrete stairs

• Boards (usually 3 cm thick), which are upholstered with a film, or waterproof plywood with a thickness of 18 mm or more.
• Beam 100x100 mm.
• Fittings and knitting wire.
• Self-tapping screws.

The basis of the formwork is the so-called central shield, and shields for steps are already attached to it.

3. Pouring concrete stairs

4. Finishing concrete stairs

• Wood.
• A natural stone.
• Ceramic tiles.
• Laminate.
• Carpet.
• Clinker tiles, etc.