How to make a hanging porch. Do-it-yourself porch with a wooden canopy for a private house. Monolithic concrete stairs

The completed look in the design of the house gives a properly selected style and built porch. Build a porch for wooden house with your own hands is possible only when its external design and correspondence in appearance with the exterior of the house itself are taken into account.

Naturally, no matter how beautiful the porch is, it is important that it is distinguished by functionality and ease of use. Therefore, we will consider the options for a porch for a wooden house available to each private developer, what the design should be in a particular case, and also what main stages its construction consists of.

Before proceeding with the construction, it is logical to first consider the most suitable porch samples for a wooden house. And only after careful consideration and weighing of all their pros and cons, one can proceed directly to the construction of the chosen structure.

Note! If the house is built of timber, solid logs or has a frame wooden structure, then it is better to choose wood as the main material. This will preserve the general style of the entire architectural composition, and will not cause difficulties if it is necessary to connect the extension to the main structure.

Porch modification table:

External parameters

From the table above, it can be seen that the porch for a wooden private house can be made in three main modifications.

However, in addition to this, each of the presented options is characterized by a set of external parameters, such as:

• Height. As a rule, the height of the porch at the house coincides with the same parameter. living quarters. At the same time, the option is not ruled out when a balcony for the second floor can become a continuation of the porch. In this case, the porch and balcony are built in a single structure.
• Dimensions. The area of ​​the door area should be such that the opening of the doors occurs without interference. Based on this, the minimum width of the site is 2-1.5 times the value of the door itself.
• Stair type. The length of the flight of stairs is selected individually - depending on the conditions and the distance to the ground from the front door. Its width, optimally, should be at least 120 cm.

Treads or steps for maximum comfort should be at least 180-200 mm wide, and their height should not exceed 120-150 mm. The height of the railing is about 80-90 cm.

• The form. A wooden porch for a private house can be of any shape. However, one must take into account and not forget about its stylistic combination with the design of the house. The porch extension can be in the form of a semicircle, a rectangle and adjoin the house directly or from the side - the main thing is that architectural harmony is not disturbed.

Construction technology

Perhaps everyone who has at least a little building experience can make a porch to a house out of wood. However, its quality and functionality will directly depend on how competent the approach to its planning, preparation, selection of materials and implementation of all stages of construction was. Therefore, we will consider the main stages of creating a wooden porch.

Stage 1 - design

The ease of execution of all stages of construction will depend on how carefully and taking into account all the features the porch to the house will be designed. Of course, a homemade porch design does not have to be a professional document submitted to the district architect for signature. However, it should be easy to understand for the developer himself.

It is best to draw a sketch of the porch showing all its main / load-bearing elements, their sizes, indicating the type of materials used and, if necessary, the features of working with them.

In the project - a porch for a wooden house - it is necessary to reflect:

• Dimensions of the porch platform, and its position in relation to the front door.
• Type of steps and their characteristics (number, height, width).
• The design and main parameters of the porch canopy.
• Dimensions and structure of the enclosing elements of the porch - railings, handrails.
• Type of connection to the house.
• Types of materials used, their quantity and the required set of tools.

Stage 2 - marking, preparing and pouring the foundation

• markup

After the plan is drawn up, you can start marking the future design. Marking is a clear definition on the ground of the contours of the future structure. It can be done, for example, by driving pegs into the ground at the corners of the perimeter at the site of the planned structure next to the front door.

In this case, it is imperative to follow the "oblique" markup. Its parameters must strictly correspond to the given geometric figure.

If it is a rectangle, its corners must not deviate from 90 degrees. more than 1 deg. The determination of the parameters is carried out either manually or with the help of special building measuring devices.

• formwork

To create the foundation for the porch, you need to prepare the formwork. As a rule, a wooden porch is not heavy. Therefore, it is possible to use a shallow columnar foundation at the corners and perimeter of the structure.

The distance between the posts should be no more than 1.5 meters. Dimensions of concrete pillars - width and length - 20-30 cm, height - 40-50 cm, depth - 20-30 cm.

The formwork for such a foundation is a small hole, about 30 cm deep (to the clay layer). If the soil is loose / loose, you can make a thin layer of fine gravel, up to 20 cm thick.

The upper part of the formwork is a box without a bottom knocked together in the form of a square or rectangle, corresponding to the size of the pit and installed on top of it. If the porch is made of timber / logs, that is, it has a lot of weight, it is better to make the foundation tape, but also shallow, having previously prepared the appropriate formwork for it.

However, the depth of the foundation, as well as its type, depends entirely on the conditions of the area, the type of soil and the level of groundwater. We are considering the most best option– on hard ground, straight section and groundwater not coming close to the surface.

• Foundation

When the formwork is ready, you can start filling it with a pre-prepared concrete solution. In view of the fact that the volume of the foundation is small, concrete can be prepared independently, although if there are free resources, you can also use the production of concrete to order.

The brand of concrete must be selected strong, but not of a very high value. For example, for a framed porch made of pine boards with a light canopy, concrete grade M100 - M150 will be enough for the foundation.

It is not necessary to reinforce the columnar foundation. On the other hand, if the foundation is made in the form of a monolithic tape under a heavy porch made of timber or round timber, it is better to make a full-fledged reinforcing frame for it.

Note! Alternatively, a shallow porch post foundation can be made from standard building bricks or small concrete blocks, stacked into an appropriately sized post with mortar.

The foundation will be ready after pouring for loading after 3 weeks. At the end of this period, the formwork can be dismantled, and beams can be installed on concrete columns.

• Foundation for stairs

The foundation is needed not only for the porch platform, but also under the stairs. It can also be made in the form of small columns with a depth of 20-30 cm into the ground.

The columns formed under the support of the lower part of the stairs should not be too high - ideally, they should be equal to the height of one step, that is, no more than 15-20 cm.

Stage 3 - construction of the porch

To make a do-it-yourself porch for a wooden house, you will need to purchase a sufficient amount of lumber and, of course, choose the right tool for processing it.

The construction of the porch includes the following operations:

• First you need to install the beams fitted to the size - the base for the porch platform. Best suited for this purpose is a bar with a height of 150-180 mm and a width of 100 mm. After installation, the pieces of timber must be connected to each other.

To do this, you can use the method of connecting the crowns used in the construction of houses from timber - "thorn - groove", or connect them using metal corners. Or, as the easiest option, just put together large nails in the corners.

• When the base for the platform is ready, you can immediately, so that it would be convenient to work in the future, make the floor. For this, apply edged boards not less than 40 mm thick.

Note! With a large width of the porch area, the floor boards can sag. Therefore, if the distance between the edges of the board stop exceeds 100-120 cm, it is possible to install a beam in the middle from the same beam that is used in the base, or from a board 40-50 mm thick across the installed board.

• Bowstrings are attached to the base of the porch platform at the required angle - the sidewalls of the stairs, on which steps are subsequently mounted. The lower edge of the bowstring is installed on a foundation prepared in advance of a small height, which can also serve as the basis for the first step from the bottom.

Bowstrings may have different design- it all depends on the capabilities and desires of the developer. For example, a bowstring can be a beam 150 by 100 mm with grooves sawn at an angle for attaching steps. The bowstrings are usually nailed onto large nails to the base of the porch deck.

Note! The height of the porch platform with the floor should be made exactly under the threshold of the front door and match the level of the floor in the house. This must be taken into account at the stage of pouring the foundation.

• When the bowstrings are nailed, the steps can also be nailed. By the way, for the installation of steps, the same rule applies as for the site - if the span is too large, that is, more than 120 cm, another bowstring can be installed in the middle.

Stage 4 - installation of a canopy and railings

So, when moving to this stage, the porch to the house made of wood with your own hands is almost ready. It remains to make only the roof and barriers on the site, that is, the railing.

This stage is carried out in several stages:

• First you need to decide on the shape of the canopy for the porch and the roofing material. Next is the frame. As corner supports, you can take a square burs with a side of 10 cm, although boards with a thickness of at least 40 mm can also be used.
• The supports must be installed strictly on a vertical level, and fixed at the bottom to the metal corners, or simply nailed obliquely to the base to the porch platform, but also temporarily fixed to the crossbars, nailed to the wall of the house.
• When all the supports are installed, it is necessary to fasten them along the upper edge with a frame. Again, light dry pine boards are suitable for this purpose. In this case, the thickness can be less - from 25 cm. This will be the basis for the canopy.
• Further, depending on the design, rafters are attached to the base, with the other end necessarily connecting them to the house. A crate is made on the rafters, on which, in turn, a roof is laid.

Note! To prevent precipitation from accumulating on the roof of the porch, its angle must be at least 20 degrees.

So, the roof / canopy for the porch for a wooden house is ready. Next, you can make the railing. Their horizontal elements are simply attached in any convenient but reliable way to the supports for the canopy, and the vertical ones are fixed between them and the base for the porch platform.

The wooden porch for a private house is ready. It remains to be primed and painted. Artistic design must necessarily match the style of the interior of the house itself, so as not to create an architectural imbalance of the structure.

It's no secret to anyone that building a porch in the country is not the most simple task, considering that it must necessarily fit into the general appearance of the building, and also be truly functional.

In most cases, it is the originally designed porch that can become an unusual business card for the house.

There are a huge number of different options for the final stage in building a house. Everything primarily depends on how you see a truly beautiful porch for yourself and what budget you have.

At the same time, it is worth noting that if you are interested in how to make a porch with your own hands, then it is quite simple and all you need to do is read this article and perhaps use some of the advice of builders.

What is a porch?

In fact, a constructive porch built in a private house is the simplest open area with a staircase that is made right in front of the entrance to the building. In this case, the porch can be of the most diverse form, with or without an additional canopy.

If we talk about the design itself, which can be chosen for the porch and which determines the design for the most part, then they can be divided into three main types: simple, attached or built-in.

The porch of the latter type is almost always designed at the stage of building a house.

The most popular simple type of porch is the platform, which has additional steps and a canopy above them.

During the construction of this type of porch, the most difficult thing is pouring the necessary foundation, which will be needed anyway, even if it is a lightweight structure and you planned to make a wooden porch yourself.

The attached porch is very similar in appearance to the beautiful built-in porch, but it is very often rebuilt and modified in various ways.

Foundation - foundation

An important point that you should definitely pay attention to when laying the foundation is that its depth during construction work must necessarily coincide with the depth of laying the foundation itself for the entire building. Otherwise, after the settlement of the soil, it is quite possible that deformation will occur completely at the entire structure of the porch.

If, after the settlement of the soil, the structure is shifted towards the house, then the destruction will begin from the foundation of the porch. In this case, cosmetic repairs will not be possible and you will have to build a porch from the very beginning.

During the construction of the foundation, special attention should be paid to the waterproofing of the foundation being built.

Varieties of the porch for the future home

First of all, before starting the construction of the porch, it is imperative to decide which material you like best. Most often it is either concrete, or expensive metal, or stone, classic brick, affordable wood.

Having decided to make a porch to the house out of wood, many simply hope that this is the easiest and most affordable option, in fact, they are not even aware of the large number of nuances.

It is a photo of a porch made of wood that can be easily found in various magazines more than others. This is due to the fact that wood is considered by many to be a traditional material.

All you need to build such a porch is minimal building skills, a circular saw, and a construction square.

Note!

If possible, it is best to use either larch or any coniferous species as a material. They are distinguished by good strength indicators, and are also quite easy to independently process.

After a specially made impregnation, the material will definitely not be inferior, for example, to material from any other hard rock.

Above the porch, you should definitely take care of the visor. This will not only protect the steps of the stairs and its platforms from various precipitations, but also allow you to decorate the wooden porch in an interesting way in a short time without serious financial investments.

Photos of a wide variety of canopies can also be found on the Internet and magazines dedicated to the construction of various country houses.

DIY porch photo

Note!

The porch is a functionally significant element of the architectural ensemble country house, which, in addition to its practical purpose, performs an aesthetic function, emphasizing the beauty of the entire building. Acting as the front part of the building, the porch of a private house can tell a lot about its owner: about his tastes, attitude towards his site, material wealth. That is why many of us try to design the facade of the house so that it stands out from the others. And even if at the construction stage the owner does not have the opportunity to attach a beautiful wooden porch to the house, he can always realize what he wants after a while.

The porch of a wooden house is an extension in front of the entrance to the building, which performs the function of transition from ground level to floor level.

Since the height difference between the ground and the floor often reaches from 50 to 200 or even more centimeters, the porch is equipped with a staircase laid out from the steps.

The practical function of the porch is also that wooden outbuilding designed to protect the front entrance of the house from snow and rain. Therefore, the platform adjacent to the front door is also equipped with a canopy. Depending on the shape and purpose, the porch may have one of the design options, consider some of them.

Option # 1 - an open area on the steps

A compact platform with steps adjoining it is an excellent addition to the architectural ensemble of a one- and two-story wooden house of small size.

Option # 2 - a platform with partially closed walls

When arranging a porch located on a small elevation, low fences perform a protective function, protecting against falls and possible injuries.

On the porch, the height of which does not exceed half a meter, such railings and partially closed walls act more as a decorative design.

Option # 3 - closed porch

The owners of country houses most often equip a glazed porch if they have the opportunity to build a more spacious platform in front of the entrance.

The space of such a porch is a veranda furnished with comfortable garden furniture, allows you to receive guests and enjoy a pleasant outdoor recreation

Self-construction of a wooden porch

Before proceeding with the construction of the porch to the house, it is important to determine not only the size of the structure, but also consider the presence of steps, the height of the handrails and the general appearance of the porch.

A detailed project of the future structure, or at least a drawing of the porch, will allow you to visualize the idea and calculate required amount material

When designing a structure, a number of points should be considered:

1. The width of the porch area must be at least one and a half width of the main entrance. The porch is located on the same level as the first floor of the building. In this case, a margin of 5 cm from the level of the porch platform for the front door should be provided. This will later avoid difficulties in case of deformation of the surface of the wooden platform under the influence of moisture when opening the front door. Indeed, according to the requirements fire safety The front door should only open outwards.
2. The number of steps is calculated with a reference to the fact that when climbing, a person steps onto the porch platform leading to the front door with the foot with which he started moving. When arranging the porch in country house usually do three, five and seven steps. Optimal size steps: height 15-20 cm, and depth 30 cm.
3. Wooden steps leading to the porch should be placed at a slight slope of a few degrees. This will prevent stagnation of puddles after rain or ice melt during the cold season.
4. It is desirable to provide for the arrangement of a canopy that protects the main entrance from precipitation. The presence of fences and railings will facilitate the ascent and descent of the stairs, which is especially important in winter period when the surface is covered with a crust of ice. From the point of view of ergonomics, the most comfortable railing height for a person is 80-100 cm.
5. During the construction of the porch, it should also be taken into account that when attaching an extension to a monolithic building, it is highly undesirable to connect the building structures "tightly". This is due to the fact that the house and the porch, having different weights, create different shrinkage. This can cause cracks and deformations at the joints.

Stage # 2 - preparation of materials and construction of the base

For the manufacture of a wooden porch, materials will be required:

• A bar with a section of 100x200 mm for the installation of support pillars;
• Boards 30 mm thick for arranging the platform and steps;
• Rails with a section of 50 mm for side posts and railings;
• Antiseptics for wood surface treatment;
• cement mortar.

From construction tools should be prepared:

• Saw or jigsaw;
• Hammer;
• Level;
• Screwdriver;
• Fastening materials (nails, self-tapping screws);
• Shovel.

Erection of any building structure starts with laying the foundation.

The best option for laying a reliable and durable support for the construction of a wooden porch to the house is the construction of a pile foundation

Unlike traditional concrete types of foundations, pile foundations do not require large financial costs for construction. In addition, it is quite simple to install: any owner who has basic construction skills can build a pile foundation.

Wooden beams intended for supports should be treated before installation. This helps to prevent wood decay and extend the life of the supporting structure. In the places where the supports are installed, we dig holes 80 cm deep, the bottom of which is lined with a sand and gravel "cushion".

Having leveled the base, we install the support pillars vertically, align them according to the level, check the height, and only after that we fill cement mortar

The height of the piles should be calculated taking into account the fact that even after the platform has laid on them, the distance to the door remains at least 5 cm.

Having poured vertically installed support pillars with cement mortar, we wait for it to dry completely. Only after that we fix the extreme row support legs to the wall of the house with self-tapping screws. This will significantly increase the strength of the structure. The logs are laid horizontally directly on the supporting pillars.

Stage # 3 - making a stringer and installing steps

To equip the flight of stairs, you will need to make a special inclined board - a kosour or a bowstring.

The flight of stairs can have two design options: with embedded steps or with cut ledges

Using a special triangular pattern, we make recesses for the bowstring. You can make such a template yourself by cutting out a blank from thick cardboard. One of the sides of the pattern corresponds to the horizontal part of the future steps - the tread, and the second to the vertical - the riser. The number of steps depends on the size of the porch area and the expected load that they will have to withstand.

Having calculated the required number and size of steps, we mark the profile of the future bowstring on the board. As a basis for making a bowstring, it is better to use unedged lumber, which is an order of magnitude wider than ordinary edged boards.

To secure the lower part of the bowstring, it is necessary to pour a concrete support platform. To protect the lower stage from rising steam from the ground, it is advisable to lay a vapor barrier with the top layer.

At this stage of construction, it is also necessary to provide for a “cushion” device to remove excess moisture.

Having filled the supporting platform with cement mortar, we wait for the base to dry completely and only after that we proceed to the installation of the bowstring. We fix them on the supports using self-tapping screws or nails. The distance between the bowstrings should not exceed one and a half meters.

Stage # 4 - assembly of a wooden structure

Finished kosour by sawing, or using the "thorn-groove" method, we attach to the lags of the site. To do this, we fix the boards with grooves to the areal beam so that subsequently the spikes of the bowstrings are inserted into the grooves of the board.

After that, we proceed to the installation of the wooden floor of the site. When laying boards, it is desirable to fit them as closely as possible to each other. This will help avoid future large cracks during the drying process of the wood.

The final step in the assembly of a wooden porch is the installation of steps and risers.

We start laying from the bottom step, performing fastening using the “thorn-groove” method and additionally fixing them with self-tapping screws. First we fix the riser, and then tread on it.

The porch is almost ready. It remains only to make a railing and equip a canopy. To give the structure a more attractive and complete look, it is enough to cover the surface with varnish or paint.

Video clips with examples of a porch device

If you built a wooden house on your site, then it would be an absolutely logical decision to build a porch to wooden house with your own hands. Despite the apparent complexity, this task is by no means such an impossible task, and almost every master with a head and hands will be able to do it.

In addition to the aesthetic load, what makes a good porch remarkable, first of all, this element of the facade has specific functional purposes:

• Protection of the entrance to the house from precipitation in the form of rain, snow and hail;
• Creating a canopy that creates a comfortable shade and protects the canopy from heat and heat in warm time of the year;
• It is possible to create a recreation area, in the case of arranging a large porch in the form of a veranda.
• Well, and most importantly, this is a flight of stairs along which we will climb to our cozy home.

Therefore, before picking up a hammer and a chisel, you need to think carefully about the above, and take into account all the nuances, making the necessary amendments to the construction plan.

Proportions and dimensions

We think that it is no secret to anyone that from time immemorial man has been constructing residential buildings, taking as a basis the dimensions of the human body and its psychological perception of the surrounding space. An exception is not the porch, which must meet certain requirements of human physiology.

All the following dimensions are generally accepted, and are used everywhere in construction. You, if necessary, are free to change the main proportions, according to your preferences and requirements, but do not forget about the reliability of the design.

Now let's take a closer look:

• To create a free approach to the door, you need to provide an open space that will allow you to open the door without interfering with the person standing in front of it;
• If you focus on building codes, then the width of the porch in front of a single-leaf door should not be less than 1m 60 cm - this value is the minimum;
• For double sided version door leaf- the norm regulates a distance of 2 meters;
• The distance from the doorway to the first step starts at 1 meter: this value should be adjusted, looking at the width of the doorway - the wider, the greater the distance;
• To protect the steps and platform from direct sunlight and precipitation, the length of the canopy at the porch should go beyond the boundaries of these elements. Usually leave a protrusion equal to 30 centimeters.

Now, with regard to human physiology. There are also certain laws, derived in specific formulas and values:

• The average step length for an adult is about 63 cm. Based on this, the optimal values ​​​​of the height and depth of the steps are derived. They are 16 -19 cm and 25 - 33 cm, respectively;
• If nature has endowed you with non-standard dimensions, then when designing a porch, you can use the formula shown in the picture above. Its essence is that in the width of your step two heights and one depth of steps should proportionally fit. In this case, the height should be one and a half to two times less than the depth.
• The flight of the step cover from the riser should not be more than five centimeters, otherwise, when walking, you will constantly stumble on them, risking injury, especially in winter, when the surface of the stairs is covered with a layer of ice or frost.

Advice! Certainly, The best way to protect yourself from winter - to attach a closed porch to a wooden house, but this is not always feasible. Therefore, take care of the anti-slip coating in advance, and clean the ice from the steps in time.

To ensure safe movement on the stairs in the winter season and not only, it is required to equip the passage with handrails. The instruction regulates that any staircase with three or more steps should have this element.

The standard height of the handrails varies from 80 to 90 centimeters.

The following requirement is mandatory in design, but is far from always feasible in practice when building a porch with your own hands - a person moves in space so that when climbing a flight of stairs, he starts and finishes it with one foot. Therefore, the correct staircase should consist of an odd number of steps (in apartment buildings with a floor height of 2.5 meters, the number of steps in the march is 9).

What else should be considered before starting the construction of the porch of a wooden house?

The level of the platform in front of the door should be 5 or even 10 centimeters below the border of the door leaf. Otherwise, you risk that as a result of seasonal soil fluctuations, the raised porch will block the door and prevent it from opening freely.

Foundation and place under it

Like any other construction, the construction of a porch begins with a foundation. You must check all dimensions and heights at the design stage - ideally, you should have a full-fledged drawing. If you do not have enough skill in carrying out such work, then we recommend that you involve a third-party specialist who will cope with such a simple task for him in a very short time.

Advice! It is better to be an inexperienced builder with the right blueprint than a jack-of-all-trades with little idea of ​​the final result.

The designer will indicate in the drawings the complete scheme of the porch along with the foundation. He will determine the type of soil and give the necessary recommendations so that the structure is reliable and lasts as long as possible.

Among other data, the depth of soil freezing will also be indicated (this is extremely important information when building a foundation), below which you will need to dig trenches for the foundation, or drill wells. If you refused the services of a professional, then you will have to look for this data on the “network”, where the limit values ​​\u200b\u200bare posted for each of the regions of our vast country.

The foundation for a wooden porch can be of three types:

• Wooden piles- the most common, inexpensive and simple solution for such purposes. That is what we will cover in this article.

• Metal piles- form with horizontal lintels a strong and even frame, sheathed on the outside with wood. The price of such a solution will be higher, and besides, you will need to hire a craftsman who will reliably strengthen and weld the frame into a single structure. The disadvantages include the fact that the metal has a solid weight, and for work you will need at least three people, sometimes with the involvement of lifting equipment.

It is better to use such a solution if you want to make a terrace made of synthetic composite materials, which are very demanding on the evenness of the base, and are laid on special profiles, or, conversely, the size of the porch is small and consists only of steps that will contrast with the main building facade.

• Concrete or block- these are capital foundations for a porch, which require compliance with certain standards when attaching to a wooden house. There are a great many types of concrete foundations, but the main requirement for their construction is that between it and the house, or rather its foundation, it is imperative to provide for an expansion joint.

What is it for? During the time when seasonal ground movements occur, due to the difference in the loads that the structures experience, the foundations at their junctions can crack.

Expansion joints are filled with elastic materials to prevent moisture from entering it. For these purposes, rubber gaskets, or mineral wool, are excellent, which are subsequently closed with a special flashing.

This concludes our preparations and begin to disassemble the construction process

We do it ourselves

As already mentioned, we are building a porch for a wooden house only from wood, so that it most harmoniously fits into the overall picture of the facade. Further about everything in order.

Base under the porch

Well, now let's take a closer look at the construction of a foundation from a wooden beam. And we will start by marking the site with the help of twine and tape measure.

This is done approximately as shown in the photo above.

• The wall and the doorway are the main reference points, from which it is required to measure all the necessary distances, not forgetting to observe right angles at the intersections of the lines.
• To do this, align the lengths of the segments with an accuracy of a millimeter. Throw both diagonals in the resulting rectangle, which should be equal to each other.
• If right angles are alien to you, and you have chosen a porch unusual shape, for example, pentagrams, then be guided by the geometric features of the figure that you plan to erect.
• Next, we determine the location of the piles - usually these are the corners of the terrace, including those adjacent to the house, and the corners of the first step. If the porch and flight of stairs have solid dimensions, then increase the number of piles at the rate of 2 piles by 1 - 1.2 meters of free span. This value can vary greatly depending on the thickness of the bars of the lower trim of the veranda, and reach 2.4 m with a cross section of 100 * 150 mm.
• Now it is necessary to drill wells at these points, with a depth exceeding the depth of soil freezing by 15 - 30 centimeters.
• In order for moisture to better move away from wooden piles, it is necessary to make a drainage cushion from medium-sized river sand and gravel, which are poured into the holes alternately, in small layers.

• Next, piles are installed in the holes, the recessed ends of which are pre-treated waterproofing material(bitumen), or burned at the stake for the same purpose. This treatment will protect the tree from premature decay and damage.
• If the size of the terrace has impressive dimensions, or the piles will go up, forming the base for the porch visor, then before installing them, asbestos-cement pipes are placed in the holes, into which concrete is poured three-quarters of the depth of the well. But first they are set vertically, rammed around with rubble and soil, and a reinforcing belt is made inside.
• This design will more reliably fix the pile and protect the wood.

• Next, piles are installed (in pits or asbestos-cement pipes, after the concrete has hardened), which must be set strictly in a plane and vertical, and firmly fixed for a while. Use a rough crate, stretch marks and wedges for this, exposing the structure like a tent.
• After fixing, we fill the space around with concrete mixed with screenings and small gravel - such concrete will be much stronger. Don't forget that we have to make a pretty impressive layer.
• Piles adjacent to the house are attached to the wall with long self-tapping screws, anchors or nails.

All further work is carried out only after the concrete has completely cured.

Installation of stringers

steps on flight of stairs can be attached different ways, but most often masters use designs on bowstrings. The bowstring is an inclined guide support that provides reliable fixation of the steps.

You can attach the step to the bowstring by inserting it into the groove, or by using self-tapping screws, nails, studs, dowels or special steel fasteners to fix it. But most often they use bowstrings that have cutouts for steps that fit on top. Such bowstrings are called stringers.

Making a kosour on your own is not such a difficult task. It is enough just to accurately mark the boards and make straight cuts along all the marks, for which a pre-prepared staircase drawing is very useful to you.

Of the tools you will need:

• A circular saw;
• Square and pencil;
• Meter;
• Wood saw.

The number of prepared stringers, first of all, determines the shape of the stairs and its width. Sometimes you can find options on one stringer, but such work is the privilege of qualified specialists. We will need at least two supports, the number of which will increase depending on the width of the passage.

Stringers can be divided into two main types, differing not only in shape, but also in the complexity of manufacturing:

1. Stepped - we showed them in the photo above. They have triangular cutouts placed at the same distance from each other along the entire length of the part. This design has one drawback - the beam, after sawing cuts in its body, becomes thinner and greatly loses its strength.
2. Stringers with "fillies" - have smaller slots, and are equipped with additional elements, the "fillies" themselves, and dowels for fixing them. Such a design is only possible for an experienced carpenter, so we will not advise it for beginners.

Stringers are the most time-consuming and complex parts of the porch being built. When marking and sawing boards, be especially meticulous, often double-checking, and comparing the result with the parts already cut.

Advice! To make several braids of the same shape, use a stencil that you have previously cut out of plywood, thick cardboard or a piece of MDF.

• If the width of the tread in the stringer can be less than the actual step (laying with a release), then the height of the riser must exactly match the height of the cladding part of the same name.
• Do not forget to take into account that the upper step of the stringer should become a continuation of the main porch area. Take this into account when marking up this element.
• In order for the supports to be strong and not to bend under the weight of people walking on the porch, boards with an end section of at least 60 * 300 mm should be used as a material. So you guarantee yourself the quality of the future product.
• Use for these purposes boards that do not have cracks and falling knots. Beware of overdried wood, which has lost a lot of strength.
• Since our structure is external, the contact of the stairs with moisture and ultraviolet radiation is ensured. Of course, you can buy cheaper boards from softwoods (pine, spruce, etc.) and treat them with special impregnations, but it would be better to immediately take hardwoods, which are not only more resistant to the above troubles, but also have a good density that makes them resistant to mechanical stress.

The leaders among such species are oak, Siberian larch, beech or maple. The price of lumber will be higher, but such a porch will last much longer.

Before you start assembling all the elements into a single structure, you need to treat the wood with antibacterial impregnations and flame retardants - substances that protect wood from fire.

After complete drying of the impregnation, you can proceed with the installation:

• We install the bars of the lower trim on the strengthened piles - they are attached from the outside to nails or long self-tapping screws.
• Waterproofing can be laid around the pile at the attachment point.
• We cut grooves in a horizontal beam for laying the upper edge of bowstrings or stringers in them.
• The lower part of the kosour is laid on a horizontal support plate in the form of a beam. At the same time, washed down can be done both in the beam and in the stringer. In the first case, it is better to tie the elements with steel corners, and in the second, with studs.

• Next, we install the lags, forming the basis of the future site. They are placed flush with the bottom trim, and are fastened with special stainless steel brackets.

• The thickness of the lags should not be less than 5 centimeters, as it must withstand the weight of people walking on it without deflections.
• Lay them perpendicular to the laying direction of the decking that will cover the floor afterwards. The laying distance is 50 cm.
• Next, the deck board is laid, which is placed with a verified gap to drain water.
• Laying steps starts from the bottom - first the riser is placed, then the tread.
• Fastening is carried out with galvanized self-tapping screws with a wide hat, which needs to be drowned a little. To do this, first drill a narrow hole for the self-tapping screw, and slightly expand its edge with a wider drill, creating a recess.
• In the future, you will need to hide the holes with wood putty.
• To avoid this, you can purchase special staples and use wood glue.

This concludes our review, in which we examined the construction of a wooden porch to the house with our own hands. As you can see, the process is very exciting, and will be within the power of many of us. You can learn more about it from the video in this article, where experienced master does a similar job.

Every person sooner or later thinks about where to spend the weekend or one evening alone or with family and friends. More and more relevant in solving this issue is the purchase country mansion or cottages. By purchasing this property, the owner begins to equip his home. Often, modifications begin with the alteration of the porch.

Currently, the types of porches are distinguished by originality, practicality, convenience, beauty, and are ideally combined with the main building, decorating it. For the construction, modern building materials are used, they are selected taking into account the style of the house itself and serve for more than one year.

If we talk about the practical side and convenience, then it is better to choose a covered extension that will protect both in the rain and in the cold.

Characteristics

All extensions differ from each other in size, shape, style, location to the main building. Yes, small garden house a small vestibule of a simple appearance, without frills, is suitable. To home standard sizes a medium-sized concrete structure is suitable, and any shape can be given to it, whether it be rectangular, square, trapezoidal, round or asymmetrical.

But do not forget that the appearance of the porch is selected individually, in accordance with the overall design of the facade. The square and rectangular extensions are clearer and add rigor, accuracy, constancy to the house, while the round one adds softness, comfort, romance.

The porch is covered partially or completely. Each option is slightly different in design and technical specifications. So, a completely closed annex in all respects resembles a small room. This design has a floor, walls, ceiling, entrance doors leading to a closed platform. The fully enclosed porch of a private house is more practical, but it is more complex in design.

The semi-closed version has special poles for support. In addition, railings can be used for greater convenience. With a semi-closed design, the doors do not need to be installed.

There are many options on how to build a vestibule, veranda or balcony, as well as building materials. Some people like a more environmentally friendly option and their choice falls on a beam or a board, others - a brick in combination with glass, while others are crazy about poles with forged elements.

If you choose concrete, then it can be finished and decorated in every possible way to your liking. Some firms offer to fully glaze the vestibule, which adds style and at the same time comfort and transparency.

Covered outbuilding options

Before you start building an extension, evaluate all the nuances of the building itself - in what style it was built, from what materials, what foundation, windows, doors, and whether there are exterior finish building. All this must be taken into account when choosing the design of the porch.

So, you can perform the following options for extensions:

• Traditional wooden version – budgetary and practical at the same time. The porch is set on the foundation. A large-scale visor protects the entrance from moisture even if there are open fragments in the upper part where windows are installed. This version will look great with a wooden house.

• Russian The porch version is a close relative of the rustic style, but with the addition of modernity and novelty. Such a vestibule-porch in a private house is necessarily made of timber or wood, has a large number of ornaments on the facade, railings, roof. In this option, naturalness is valued, that is, the tree is not painted with colored paints, but left natural, natural, preserving the natural pattern. Cover the beam only with varnish for greater durability.
• Finnish style- full or partial glazing of the walls, looks good with wood and brick. Also in the design there are forged products that further emphasize the chosen direction. If the house is built in the Finnish style, then the porch should be small, but at the same time as building material, in addition to wood, you can use stone in combination with glass.
• Brick or concrete extension. Partially or completely closed with blank walls or glazed. Such a vestibule is ideal for a house made of bricks of the same color or stone.

Project

A kind of closed extension is a porch with a vestibule. This is a construction of a small area, most often 3X4 meters, which provides a comfortable microclimate of the dwelling. Well we will look like one-story house as well as the cottage. The tambour can be made as a small separate house, in the form of a square, an extension with a transition to a glazed veranda, elevated with a staircase or ground. It is located both in the center, at the main entrance, and on the side, behind.

As a rule, the porch is formed on the foundation. For walls choose brick, wood, rounded timber, concrete plates, stone, blocks, they can also be partially or completely glazed. The selected material should be similar to the material of the main building. The timber is selected for houses from a log house, slabs. Brick steps are suitable in most cases, but wooden planks can be used everywhere.

The difference between this design and the rest is that this porch looks like a small room - it has a floor, walls, windows, a door and a roof. It can be insulated and lit and used as a hallway.

If you are a fan of doing everything with your own hands and understand construction, then building a porch on your site will not be difficult. Its design can be different, the main thing is that the vestibule is combined with the main supporting building.

Glazing

Porch glazing can be done in several ways. It all depends on what goals the owner of a private house pursues. Currently, there is a huge selection of glazing options. It can be sliding and frameless systems, PVC, aluminum profile or wooden windows. Each type has its own characteristics and this must be taken into account when building a porch.

• PVC windows- the most popular and budget option. Plastic windows are warm and cold. Double glazing is used to insulate the extension. Now there is a huge selection of PVC profiles on the market, so it will not be difficult to match it in color and texture to the main building. But it will not work to completely glaze the entire porch or veranda with PVC windows without a partition, since they have a limited size (the maximum area of ​​a PVC window is 2.8 m2). Another significant disadvantage plastic windows is a fairly large weight.

• Aluminum systems allow you to glaze the porch with maximum light opening without any additional lintels. Windows are warm and cold. Warm 3-5-chamber double-glazed windows and special inserts, thanks to which they are heat and sound insulated. Cold windows have only one chamber and are equipped with lightweight fittings without any inserts, so they are often used for glazing summer extensions.
• Wooden windows are a traditional, budgetary and simple option for porch glazing, if we talk about single 4 mm glass frames. But they do not retain heat in the extension during frost, so it is better to use more expensive wooden windows or 2-3-chamber double-glazed windows. Frameless glazing is an ideal solution if the porch needs to be closed from gusts of wind and precipitation, but it will not protect the extension from the cold. Typically, such glazing is used for the porch in a large country house or cottage.

DIY

A closed porch - although a non-residential structure, is nevertheless an important and functional element of any building. Building a porch with your own hands is not difficult, but you need to do it correctly and in stages.

The foundation of all foundations is a well-executed project. It is very important to calculate the parameters, as well as take into account the size of the porch, its height whether there will be a ladder and in which direction it is better to place it. You need to proceed from your own preferences and quantity Money. When designing, the ratio of the width of the extension and the doorway is also taken into account. All this can be seen in the drawings, which are drawn specifically for each plan.

After drawing up the plan and all the calculations, materials for construction are prepared and the foundation is laid, that is, the foundation is poured. From what raw materials the annex will be built depends entirely on the main building.

wooden porch can be made on the basis of a bar. The boards are suitable for the construction of platforms and steps, and the side racks are best made from slats. The tree must be treated with an antiseptic to prevent decay.

After the foundation is ready, they begin to build walls, a roof or a visor, and also make a kosour (bearing part of the stairs) and steps. The railing and the visor are equipped at their discretion.