The best roofing at home: features of choosing a coating from A to Z. Types of roofing materials - The best offers of modern manufacturers! (83 photos) Roofing roof options

Construction never stands still, and every year more and more high-quality roofing materials are invented. In this article you will find a description of the most famous of them. You can evaluate all the pros and cons of each of them and choose the right product for yourself.

What to look for when choosing a roofing material?

To date, the following types of roofing materials can be identified in construction:

• . It is made of ceramics, metal, cement-sand base, bitumen

• Asbestos cement sheets. They are flat or wavy. In construction, this material is often called slate. There are two types - standard and euroslate (ondulin)

• profiled metal sheets or just corrugated board

• Sheets of metal different kind

• Membrane roof

• Ruberoid

When choosing a particular product, we often choose the best product, but what to look for when buying in a hardware store? Roofing materials, although they consist of different bases, have their own characteristics, so when choosing a purchase, you should look at them.

• Maximum loads. There are two things to think about here. After all, conventionally, such loads can be disassembled into two types. One will show exclusively the mass of the structure itself, and the second indicator will show the mass of snow cover in winter period. It is in accordance regulatory documents individually for each region of the country
• The purpose of the building. It all depends on how the building will be used. For example, if the building is residential, then it is advisable to create a wooden truss system, in which there will be a certain number of slopes and lay all of them, say ondulin. But if the building is industrial, therefore, the roof will be either flat or with a slight slope, and they will fit
• Service life and fire resistance. If you are a reasonable person, then you will never buy roofing material with a service life of a couple of years or use expensive products on temporary structures.

When you know the warranty periods that manufacturers provide for their roofing materials, it is already easier to navigate. Therefore, I have described the term for the most common types.

• Soft tiles can last you about 20 years
• For a new metal tile, manufacturers are advised to come after 15 years. But here the real time may be less important, it's all about coating the product with polymers
• Standard tiles serve, as a rule, up to 30 years. But in reality, it breaks down much faster. It's about its structure. Although manufacturers give a guarantee for frost resistance, it is almost impossible to change this material because in most cases the destruction occurs due to moisture vapor, but the company will not give a guarantee for this
• The average "life" of slate is 10 years
• Ondulin will last up to 15 years
• Metal roofs occupy almost all time ranges, from 40 years to a century. Copper and its alloy with titanium is the most durable product known today. Only the price scares away, but if you compare it with the service life, then this is justified
• The shelf life of slate as a roof is 40 years

IMPORTANT: The service life can be drastically reduced if the installation is incorrect or of poor quality, as well as when already damaged material is laid on the roof.

Most likely, this information will not be enough, and you want to consider in more detail all types of roofing materials for the roof, then let me tell you right now.

Ceramic or standard tiles

Roofing materials can be divided into types by cost, and this roof will be one of the most expensive, but do not worry, the cost of roof tiles often compensates for its aesthetics and durability.

After all, clay is used as the basis in the production of this product. Finished plates have a mass of two kilograms.

Roofing made of tiles is very durable, while the manufacturer gives a fairly solid guarantee for such roofing materials.

The service life can be up to 150 years, but this is subject to use good materials in product manufacturing and quality assembly.

A ceramic roof can be laid in all types of buildings, whether they are made of brick, wood or rubble. The main thing is to get into the range of degrees of inclination. It is 25-60 about and is considered optimal in order to roofing with tiles were made as safely as possible, because materials with such a mass are somewhat demanding of themselves.

• A roof structure with a slope of less than 22° requires additional ventilation and waterproofing measures.
• The slope, which is in the range of 22-60 °, allows the fastening of elements using standard methods and materials
• When the slope reaches 60 ° or more, then it is already worth fixing the roofing materials with screws, and you can find how this is done in the photo on the Internet or in our article

Every building product has its positive and negative qualities, so there is not much about it now.

The advantages include:

• Ease of installation work. Despite its severity, such a roof is very easy to install and does not require additional costs during the operation period. All maintenance costs will be associated only with the cleaning of the gutters and a professional preventive inspection.
• High noise protection. Residents with such roofs claim that not even raindrops can be heard.
• No possibility of corrosion
• fire resistance
• Frost resistance
• Wealth of choice color schemes and forms
• The material itself, due to its porous structure, allows you to remove a certain amount of moisture from the attic space.

The cons can be listed as follows:

• Large mass of one element
• Tiles are a fragile product
• Additional costs will be required for the installation of reinforced crates and waterproofing
• The cost is quite high

In addition to standard tiles, there is an analogue in construction, but only a cement-sand mixture is used as the main ingredient. Its use allows you to produce a product that is practically no different in appearance, but with a smaller mass. Judge for yourself, load on one square meter is approximately 30kg when the original product is all 60kg.

The composition is very simple and includes: sand, some iron oxides (as a dye), cement.

The optimal degree of the roof for the installation of this coating is a value of 20-60 o. The device and fasteners are made directly on the crate in rows. Nails are used as fasteners for dressing. To ensure safe operation, I advise you to use rafter legs with a minimum section of 50x150mm.

Cement and sand tiles are quite resistant to solar radiation and are frost-resistant, but, like the original, they are quite expensive and transportation is a difficult process.

Bitumen tiles

Flexible roofing materials separate shingles from bitumen. Such a product is created from fiberglass and polyester. This tile has a modest size of 100x30 cm, has a low weight of only 10 kg per 1 m 2, is quite plastic (you can fold it in half with your own hands) and, at the same time, is resistant to aggressive terrain conditions.

Such a roof is suitable for all types of roof structures, where the slope will be more than 12 o. It is popular with developers of cottages, private houses and on temporary structures - garages, gazebos.

Durability is the main positive quality of this product. Due to its structure, transportation to any distance is possible without the risk of damage to the tiles. Local repair allows you to replace failed elements with new ones. It has a high level of sound absorption and eliminates the possibility of decay.

Bituminous tiles are a budget option when compared with their counterparts. It is highly flammable, making it unsafe. With prolonged exposure to sunlight, it loses its properties.

metal tile

In all types of buildings, due to their structure, the roof and its types differ. Some roofs have a simple structure and roofing materials used for this type may not be suitable for more complex structures. Metal tile is a unique product that allows you to use it on the roof with any complexity.

It does not matter to her whether it is a shopping center or a small pavilion, a residential high-rise building or an industrial one.

Metal tile - galvanized steel in appearance similar to a ceramic counterpart.

As a rule, the surface of such a product is treated with polymeric compositions, which allows it to look like noble roofing.

Its installation is carried out on roofs with a slope of more than 15 about. The technological process is quite simple and clear from the first minutes of work. Used as fasteners roofing screws, which can be freely purchased at a hardware store.

If you are looking for cheap, strong and durable roofing materials, then this is your choice.

Its cost is about three times less than a standard tile, and the characteristics differ slightly.

The obvious advantages of such tiles include resistance to mechanical damage, low weight (3 kg per 1 m 2), and transportation safety.

But here you can also highlight the bad qualities, and these are: low sound absorption and a large amount of waste during installation.

Asbestos-cement boards or corrugated slate

Slate is the most common material in old-style summer cottages. It is a kind of composite material with a cement base and reinforced with asbestos fibers. To date, such sheets can be found in the form of a rectangular canvas with six waves. As a rule, its size is 120x70cm with a wave height of 2.8cm. Slate is a light material, and the load on the base is only 15kg/m 2 .

The work on laying this type of roofing material is overlapped, and nails with a wide hat are used as fasteners. Directly during the laying process, you should not save on a waterproofing layer, which is often used as roofing material or glassine.

To date, slate coating has faded into the background, but is still popular for use on temporary structures.

This is due to the ratio of price and quality, which allows you to quickly and at no extra cost to create a roof, for example, on a barn or garage from gas silicate blocks.

• TO positive aspects can be easily attributed to high strength characteristics, ease of dividing the product into individual elements, low cost.
• The disadvantages include fragility, environmental hazard, unaesthetic appearance and susceptibility to the appearance of fungi on the surface of the slate.

Decking as a covering on temporary structures

As you already understood, the types of roofing can be completely different, and metal is used as one of the materials. When constructing the roofs of private houses, these materials are often a priority for developers. But what is causing this excitement? Everything is very simple because corrugated board is produced in completely different sizes and shapes, which allows the owners to realize the craziest idea. To date, three types of profiled sheets are distinguished - sinus-shaped, rounded and trapezoidal. Finding additional elements in the form of waves on the surface of the material not only simplifies the laying process, but also gives a certain touch of decor.

Decking is widely used on truss systems with a slope of 10 o. The device of sheets on the surface of the crate is made after laying the glassine layer. As fasteners, special self-tapping screws with rubber linings are used in order to create a good tightness. Their consumption, as a rule, is 8-10pcs/m 2 .

Docking of sheets occurs by the technique of "overlapping". The scope of this material is very wide, but most often it can be seen in factories, supermarkets, car washes, etc.

• Ease of installation and low cost is an obvious plus, but at the same time, corrugated board has high strength and durability. Therefore, such a product can be considered very beneficial for roofing with limited budget and time.

Steel roof, made in the form of folds

Surely you know something about what roofing materials are for a roof, and you know that they all have an identical installation process - laying and fastening sheets with bolts or self-tapping screws, but some types of folded roofs are created with already self-latching elements.

This allows you to get rid of unnecessary tools and speed up the flooring process several times.

As for ordinary seam sheets, they look like steel plates. Such material can be coated with polymers, which increases the operating period, or produced without them. The minimum roof slope is 20°. Docking of individual parts occurs with the help of hooks along the edges of the sheet.

Clamps act as fasteners to the crate, and the folds themselves are rolled up using electromechanical units or manually.

These types of roofing materials for the roof are suitable for ennoblement of churches, estates, industrial buildings, but by looking at the photo on the Internet or here on the page, you can be inspired by an interesting idea.

• The advantages include: fire safety, attractive appearance, elasticity, low weight.
• The disadvantages include additional costs for insulation and low resistance to dynamic loads.

Copper and aluminum roofing

Roofing materials made of light metals are definitely a good coating, multiple positive reviews on building portals can testify to this. Of these, aluminum and copper can be distinguished.

Copper sheets are produced by manufacturers in the form of rectangles 70x110 cm, weight is 7 kg / m 2. The aluminum coating will give even lower pressure and will be 3kg/m 2 . The permissible slope for the installation of such roofs is 15 degrees or more.

Copper and aluminum are quite expensive metals, and, therefore, the roof will not come out cheap, but everything is compensated by its service life. After all, for copper, this is a period of 150 years.

As far as aesthetic properties are concerned, at first copper is a rather aesthetic material and has an attractive appearance, but over time the tones fade and it takes on darker tones.

Note that when the color is lost, the qualities of the material remain at high level, so if this fact does not bother you and you need a durable roof, then this is your choice.

• The advantages of these roofs include the fact that they do not require any maintenance, are non-flammable, environmentally friendly, highly resistant to aggressive atmospheric precipitation (for example, acid rain).
• And the only downside is the cost. Therefore, if you have finances, you should pay attention to this type of coverage.

bituminous slate

Flexible sheets based on cellulose pulp and bitumen are called bituminous slates. The water resistance of such a product is very high, so it has found application as a roofing. The slope of the roof for the installation of this material must be 5 degrees or more.

Sheet sizes are produced everywhere as a standard - 2x1m. Such slate is very widely used by developers of private houses, cafes, restaurants. This material has high flexibility along the wave, so it can often be found on curvilinear roof structures, for example, on the dome.

It is worth noting that there will be practically no production waste left from it, because the extra pieces can be used as a substrate for new roof construction.

Advantages:

• Light weight (5kg/m2)
• Wide range of colors
• Ease of installation

Disadvantages:

• Not durable. Strong gusts of wind can damage and warp the material if installed incorrectly.
• Is combustible, which is unacceptable in terms of fire safety
• Low frost resistance

In a modern hardware store, this product can be found at a price of $ 6 per meter. By the way, some sheets of bituminous slate are self-adhesive. This significantly reduces the time installation work and displays these roofing materials above the standard ones.

Slate roofing

Surely you have heard the concept of shale formations from geography lessons. So, not so long ago, the construction of European countries for the first time laid this material on the roof of their house, which led to the creation of a new round in this industry. The ideal slope for this material is 25 o.

Elements of this type are created only manually and the weight is far from small - 25kg / m 2. Based on such a mass, it can be assumed that the load on the base will be enormous, and, therefore, the crate should be stable. For this, rails with a section of 4x6 cm are suitable, and nails (from 100 mm) as fasteners.

The step of the crate is selected strictly individually. It all depends on the size of the layers themselves. Therefore, it is customary to consider the distance slightly less than half of the reservoir as a rule. Roofing cake with this type of coating looks like honeycombs, octagons, fish scales. However, this is all unimportant here, and you can try to create your own drawing, for example, a famous logo or a picture.

The terms of operation directly depend on your attentiveness, because if you do not notice a crack in the coating during a routine inspection, you can be fooled and soon change the entire roof. Therefore, if you have damage to some layers, replace them.

Natural materials as a roof over your head

Roofing without buying roofing materials is a recent practice coming from Europe. In these countries, the following types of natural materials have long been practiced as roofing:

• Straw
• Wood
• reeds

These types, as a rule, are not used in regular construction. They are used to give their atmosphere in restaurants by the sea, hotels, various bars and hotels. A sociological survey shows that people are more impressed with natural material than with a colorful facade and new lights.

Of course, the cheapest roofing material is roofing material, and the most expensive is considered to be an alloy of copper and titanium., but there are some nuances here. If you lay the roof with roofing material for 100 years, then during this period you will incur expenses for it somewhere around 7-8 times. It takes into account the number of repairs and complete replacement of the coating. If you use an alloy, then not only will you not have to repair or replace anything, you will still have 50 years to spare. Which, of course, will pay for such material.

Inexpensive and lightweight roofing materials allow you to quickly cover a temporary structure and at the same time use a small amount of finance. After all, ease of installation is also one side of the savings.

As a conclusion, I can say that no matter what roofing materials you use, they must always fulfill the tasks you set. There are many constructions on which one type is allowed to be used, but on the other it is completely unacceptable. Choose only high-quality products from reliable manufacturers, so that later you do not have to do repairs again.

The variety of roofs misleads the layman inexperienced in construction.

Considering the options for roofs, it is difficult to determine what exactly is needed for the future structure, which one is advisable to build in a particular case.

In addition, I want the roof to be not only beautiful, but also strong, durable, and meet all the requirements. A variety of designs allows architectural designers to translate all the most unpredictable projects into reality.

There are various types of roofs of private houses, we will talk about them now.

Shed roof is a rectangular plane, based on opposite load-bearing walls.

Single pitched roof is:

• ventilated;
• unventilated.

Design features

Directly depends on the slope. Since the slope of the structure is affected not only by the finish coating, but by the peculiarity of climatic conditions, then all these values ​​should be correctly calculated.

An important indicator for the design of any roof is also the total load.

Slope angle

It directly depends on the coating material: coatings are distinguished by their ability to retain snow precipitation.

It is recommended to choose materials for covering a shed roof based on their ability to self-clean from snow.

In addition, depending on the natural features, in places where winds prevail, the area is not sufficiently protected by trees, it is recommended to change the slope angle.

Shed roof truss system options

FROM truss roof structure with one slope can be:

• sliding;
• layered;
• hanging.

Most often performed from wooden elements for different purposes.

Shed roof truss system

Mounting Features

Installation of a shed truss structure is carried out on a Mauerlat.

If a hanging-type frame is being installed, then a farm is first made on the ground. According to a given template, the entire structure is made.

The roof can be equipped with an insulation system. To do this, mount the elements necessary for a warm roof.

The final covering of the roof is a protective covering material.

Advantages and disadvantages of a pitched roof

Despite the ease of installation, the simplicity of the design, the shed system has its own characteristics.

Advantages:

• Inexpensive construction;
• ease of installation;
• resistance to strong winds.

Repair work during operation on pitched roof not difficult to produce, not too expensive.

disadvantages:

• Need for snow removal
• low height of the attic space. The advantages of this type are in strength and reliability in terms of resistance to the vagaries of the weather.

shed roof

gable roof

The design, which consists of two slopes, is called gable.

Gable structures can be classified according to the location of the slopes:

• symmetrical;
• asymmetric;
• broken lines;
• multi-level;
• double-sided with a skate on a slope.

In addition, other configurations of gable roofs can be designed: broken from one slope, double broken, with elongated peaks or extensions.

Design options

Particular attention is paid to the load.

Besides, the angle of inclination is important in accordance with the coating.

Quite simple, with the correct determination of all indicators (angle, roof load, natural load), the roof will be reliable and durable.

Tilt angle

The average amount of snowfall in the region is taken into account when calculating the roof load. Besides, the strength of the wind currents affects the slope of the slope.

With a different slope for different materials, a certain one corresponds. For all materials, their indicators.

truss system

It can have a layered structure, hanging, combined.

The roof structure option is selected based on the span between the outer walls. In addition to truss beams, the structural elements of the truss system are: ridge, mauerlat, crossbar, puffs, and other elements.

Each of the additional elements distributes the load, fixes or strengthens the more vulnerable parts of the structure.

truss system gable roof

Mounting

When installing a gable roof you need to follow the basic steps:

• Install beams;
• fix the crate;
• install roofing.

In the case of lengthening the rafter legs, additional rails are mounted under the overhang.

Advantages and disadvantages

A gable roof is the most common roofing model.

This is due to the advantage of this design:

• The possibility of arranging an attic;
• there is no need to independently clean the coating from snow;
• simple project;
• variety of coatings.

disadvantages:

• The dependence of the roof height on the span;
• when arranging an attic space, additional reinforcement of the structure and arrangement are required window systems and heating elements.

A gable roof is not the most complex structure, and when fully equipped, it is the most in demand.

Gable roof

hip roof

Represents four-slope design. The slopes are made up of triangles and trapezoids.

A modified design of the hip system is called semi-hip. There are Dutch and Danish half hip designs.

Design features

The project has rather painstaking calculations, since the design itself is not simple.

Particular attention should be paid to the points:

• calculate each slope separately;
• correctly calculate the length of the rafters and the ridge;
• take into account the area of ​​​​windows and chimneys;
• correctly calculate the load.

ATTENTION!

The same material should be used for the frame and the ridge beam. This feature must be taken into account in the project.

The cost of the project should include additional elements and additional details for the arrangement of the roof.

Slope angle

The slope angle is affected by wind and snow. This type of structure can be arranged at an angle of 5° to 60°. The dependence on natural indicators is directly proportional.

It should be remembered about the features of laying roofing: the recommended indicators of each coating directly depend on the angle of the slope.

In addition to the main rafter legs, it consists of their elements: Mauerlat, ridge, slanted legs, and other important parts that provide strength, participate in the distribution of the load.

Hip roof truss system

Mounting Features

Includes elements fastening sequence:

• Mauerlat;
• beams;
• racks;
• sloping legs. Further, in order, other elements are installed, including the crate.

Advantages and disadvantages

Hip structures in addition to a presentable appearance and structural strength has a number of advantages:

• the slope of the ribs reduces the wind load;
• due to the design features, the area increases, which positively affects heat transfer.

The disadvantages of a hip roof are its complexity and cost..

hip roof

Mansard (broken) roof

This is a type of construction in which the slopes have a refraction with a change in the angle of the slope of the slope.

Broken mansard roof can have from two to four slopes.

It happens layered and hanging.

The schematic structure of the attic can be in the form:

• Square;
• rectangle;
• a combined figure combining a triangle and a square.

The most common type of broken structure is a gable roof.

Design options

At should follow the requirements provided during installation:

• A roof height of at least 2.2 m should be designed;
• choose materials that are smaller in mass;
• take into account struts and puffs due to the length of the rafters.

A sloping roof provides for the arrangement of an attic, so it is advisable to use high-quality materials for insulation and providing the roof with air exchange.

Tilt angle

In calculating the slope angle, it is necessary to build on the height of the attic.

• Influence of atmospheric influences;
• type of roofing.

The best option for a broken roof with an attic is a project in which the upper slopes are located at an angle of 30 °, and the lower ones at an angle of 60 °.

truss system

IN attic structures frame is equipped with:

• Mauerlat;
• beams;
• frame racks;
• runs. These and other elements create a solid foundation for arranging the attic.

Mansard roof truss system

Mounting

When installing the rafter base, one part of the frame is made, starting with racks and layered rafters, and then, like it, all the rest.

After mounting all the elements, they are fastened with girders.

Advantages and disadvantages

The main advantage of a sloping roof is the arrangement of an additional room.

Among the shortcomings broken roof is its value, since this consumes a lot of materials for insulation, the arrangement of special windows is not a cheap pleasure.

But the costs of arranging an attic cannot exceed the construction of an additional extension or an increase in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house.

mansard roof

Flat roof

A structure that is a plane lying on the load-bearing walls of a structure. Such a system does not have an attic space.

They can be operated and non-operated.

Besides, Depending on the characteristics of the coating, flat systems can be divided into:

• inversion;
• green;
• breathable.

All of them have their own characteristics.

Design features

At the stage design it is necessary to correctly calculate the load of the snow cover, as well as all the materials used, and take into account the drainage system.

Slope angle

The roof must have the necessary. Its angle is up to 5°. This feature contributes to high-quality drainage.

Rafter Location Options

The flat roof frame provides for the following elements:

• Mauerlat;
• support bars;
• plywood or OSB flooring.

Flat roof truss system

Mounting

It is important to organize the arrangement of drains. Attention should be paid to the operating system: it is important to choose the right type of floor and the right layers to ensure a favorable microclimate.

Advantages and disadvantages

A flat roof is positively characterized by price, low labor costs, and the possibility of arranging additional recreation areas is a productive distribution of space.

The disadvantages are: accumulation of snow, inability to determine the condition roofing cake, the need for equipment internal system water drain.

Flat roof

Hip roof

It is a system of triangular slopes connected at one vertex.

By features frame structure hipped roofs can be layered and hanging. In addition, tent structures are still of other types.

Design options

The main directions of designing a tent system are:

• Calculation of the slope angle;
• choice of roofing;
• calculation of the height of the ridge connection.

An important step is the calculation of the load on the truss structure. If insulation is assumed, the load of the layers of the cake is calculated.

Tilt angle

The slope of the slopes directly depends on the type of roofing and climatic conditions. Slope reduction should be done with the predominance of strong winds at the building site.

truss system

The elements of the hip roof truss system are:

• Mauerlat;
• floor beams;
• sloping boards;
  puffs;
• supports.

These and other elements together provide strength and stability of the frame.

Hip roof truss system

Mounting Features

The installation of the tent system involves the arrangement of the truss system and the laying of the insulation system for the roof.

The rafter system should be erected before mounting the ceiling of the building.

Installation of the truss system begins with the installation of a mauerlat or strapping. Next, the system is gradually erected, starting with rafter boards, mounting racks, other elements, ending with trusses and struts.

Advantages and disadvantages

The attractiveness of a hipped roof makes you forget about its shortcomings. The disadvantages are the small area for the attic and the complexity of installation.. Plus are the aerodynamic properties and strength of the system.

hipped roof

Multi-gable roof

The complex structure of a multi-gable roof consists of many parts, ledges, and elements. Perhaps one of the most complex designs.

They are determined by a combination of certain types of roofs, assembled together. Roof corners can be pointed or hip.

Design options

A difficult task to develop a project, especially if the roof elements have a different configuration. In this case, each element should be calculated separately.

Particular attention should be paid to the truss system.

• Use lightweight materials;
• do not save on waterproofing;
• take care of high-quality bars for rafters.

The complexity of the project lies in planning the arrangement of window systems.

The design itself is the covering of the attic of the house, so it is strong enough practically unaffected by the weather.

Rafter Location

The stage of erection of a multi-gable system is the most difficult stage. Each part must be installed separately.. For rafters, you should choose only high-quality wood.

The basic part of the design is the Mauerlat. The rest of the structural elements are attached to it: rafter legs, reinforcing beams and supports.

Multi-gable roof truss system

Mounting Features

In addition to the complexity of mounting the roof frame, the multi-gable system has a weak point, which should be properly protected from moisture: this is the angle of connection of the slopes.

Advantages and disadvantages

The advantage of a multi-gable roof is originality, attractiveness. But such beauty should be paid in full: the equipment of such a system is an expensive pleasure.

Multi-gable roof

conical roof

The design of a conical roof has the shape of a cone. Enough rare view roofs, since the arrangement of such systems is carried out on round-shaped houses.

Cone-shaped roofs can be full and incomplete.

Design options

Most often, conical shapes serve as decoration.. They do not carry a functional load. You need to know the diameter of the base of the cone, the length of the slope. When calculating the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe cone, the amount of materials needed is determined.

Slope angle

The slope angle of a cone-shaped roof is calculated using the tangent formula. In this case, it is necessary to know the height of the cone and the length of the rafter leg.

truss system

The conical roof frame system is a hanging fan type. Use additional elements: beams, braces, crate, additional bars.

Conical roof truss system

Mounting

Installation is carried out by laying the rafter legs in the form of a fan. They rely on runs, as well as a ring element at the top. The base is Mauerlat. Further, the base is assembled in a certain way with the help of additional elements.

CAREFULLY!

Boards as crates are not suitable for the cone type. In this case, install flexible views PVC pipes.

Advantages and disadvantages

Resistance to any weather phenomena is one of the advantages of a cone roof. Increased strength, originality - the undoubted advantage of this type of roof.

The complexity of installation, the high consumption of materials, the inability to install an attic due to the lack of windows allows you to mount such systems only to decorate the roof.

conical roof

Which roof is better

The design of the roof, first of all, must correspond to the architecture of the building.

The choice of roofing is determined according to factors:

• financial opportunity;
• climate features;
• individual preferences;
• the need for an attic.

Before you decide on the option of protecting your home, you should consider different options.

Roof options

Useful video

In this video you will learn what types of roofs are:

The progress of science and technology constantly generates new materials for construction. There are also new roofing materials. The durability and safety of the entire building largely depends on the type and quality of the roof covering. That is why it is so important to take the choice of this building material with all responsibility.

The main types of roof coverings

To cover the roofs of modern buildings, a variety of building materials are used: hard and soft, shaped and flat, piece and roll. All of them are widely used in the construction of urban buildings, country houses and commercial buildings. But to do right choice regarding a certain type of building, it is necessary to carefully study the properties of each roofing material.

The following types of building materials for roofing can be distinguished:

• shingles ( various kinds);
• asbestos-cement materials;
• metal profiled sheets;
• sheet metal;
• membrane roofing;
• ruberoid;
• folded metal sheets.

Each of them has both its advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, when choosing a particular type of roof, you should rely on several important parameters and coating properties.

The choice of modern roofing material

The life of the building directly depends on the choice of modern coverage for the house. Experts recommend not to save and opt for quality and durable material. Before you buy a coating, you need to familiarize yourself with a number of its most important parameters.:

And yet one of the main parameters of the roof is its durability.. To understand such a thing as "service life", it is necessary to analyze the average service life of the most common roofing materials:

• slate will last, according to manufacturers, about 10 years;
• the metal tile will last about 15 years, it all depends on the quality of the coating;
• ondulin is guaranteed to last 15 years;
• term of "life" soft tiles no more than 20 years;
• ordinary tiles can last up to 30 years;
• slate roofs serve about 40 years;
• metal roofs from copper and its alloys are almost eternal, however, the price is extremely high.

These time frames are indicative, and, depending on the observance of the operating rules, the terms can be either longer or vice versa.

The main types and advantages of tiles

Tiles are considered the most popular roofing material.. It not only has a high service life, but also an aesthetic appearance. Therefore, this roofing material is chosen for both private housing construction and industrial construction.

The main types of tiles:

In the choice of tiles there are various options that will satisfy any consumer. Roofing of this type is worthy of attention.

Characteristics and advantages of slate

Asbestos-cement roofing products have gained wide popularity in Russia. According to external parameters, it can be either a flat rectangle or a classic slate. It is made from cement and asbestos fibers. Fairly light material. It exerts a pressure on the roof of only 15kg/M2. Standard size 120×70 cm, has six waves 2.8 cm high. Laying slate is overlapped. For fastening, special slate nails are used. Before laying the slate, it is necessary to lay the waterproofing. Slate, due to its relative cheapness, is still the most popular roof covering in our country.

The advantages of slate include: low cost, ease of cutting, relatively high strength. The disadvantages include: fragility, environmental hazard, unaesthetic appearance and the formation of fungi on the surface during a long service life.

The main qualities of corrugated board

Decking has earned great popularity due to various shapes and a wide palette of colors.. To date, three types of profiled sheets are produced: sinus-shaped, rounded and trapezoidal. Has been widely adopted in roof rafters with a slope of 10 degrees.

The corrugated board is overlapped, and special self-tapping screws with a rubber washer are used, which ensures the tightness of the hole. It has a very high price-quality ratio. It is widely used in industrial facilities. This type of coating is distinguished by its availability and ease of installation.

Steel roof, made in the form of folds

Steel roofing today can be found less and less, but this construction material used in the construction of buildings for a wide range of purposes. Seam sheets are made of metal with a polymer coating.

Fastening to the crate is done with the help of clamps. The sheets are connected to each other by an electromechanical method. For this, there are hooks along the edges of the sheets. Minimum slope for folds is 20 degrees. When laying metal, it is necessary to carry out additional thermal insulation.

Other types of roofing

Depending on the type of construction and the wishes of the developer himself, various roofing materials are used. There are a number of practical and at the same time inexpensive types of roof coverings that are not so widely used in our country, but still occupy a worthy place in the construction market:

Whatever roofing materials are used to create the perfect roof, they must always perform the task.

For the roof to fulfill its task, in addition to solid construction frame, an appropriate coating is required - durable, airtight, aesthetic. The use of the wrong roofing material can be disastrous, ranging from financial losses caused by continuous repairs to serious accidents, for example, as a result of the collapse of the frame. It is also desirable that the roofing material be easy to install - with less risk of errors. There are different types of roofing materials, and they all have characteristics knowledge of which will help to make the right choice in each case.

An important criterion when choosing roofing materials is the complexity of the roof structure. For simple designs, without decorative elements, it is advisable to use various types of sheet roofing, which allows you to carry out roofing work in the shortest possible time. Below are the main types of roofing materials that are most suitable for this purpose.

Metal tile is a roofing material that is made from galvanized steel sheets 0.4-1.25 mm thick, with an organic coating with a thickness of 25 microns (polyester coatings) to 200 microns (plastoizol). Weight 1 sq.m. coverage ranges from 4.2 - 6.5 kg. Products can be supplied in sheets or modules ( modular metal tile). A standard module has dimensions of 350-400 mm in length and about 1100 mm in width, and a sheet can reach several meters in length - one sheet of metal tile, on average, 6 square meters. roofs. Service life of a metal tile is 30-50 years.

Metal tile is used in various industrial facilities and residential buildings, for the roofing of roofs with an angle of inclination from 9 - 12 °. Sheets are attached to the crate with self-tapping screws with special sealing caps. The step between the elements of the crate is from 35 to 40 cm, depending on the angle of the roof.

Pros and cons of this type of roof:

• advantages - ease of installation, relatively high strength with low weight, wide range of colors, low price;
• disadvantages - a large amount of waste, poor thermal insulation properties.

Profiled sheets are made from the same material as metal tiles and using a similar technology, but are used mainly for domestic and industrial purposes, for example, to cover industrial buildings or shops. They produce corrugated board of different profiles (trapeze, wave, etc.) and various colors. Thanks to the production technology, this material, with appropriate installation, can last up to 50 years.

The professional sheet is durable look roofing material and it can be safely used on roofs of great length. The sheet is attached to the crate with self-tapping screws with a sealing gasket, on any roof with an inclination angle of 10 °. At a small angle of inclination, the seams should be treated with sealant.

The relatively low price and ease of installation made it in demand in various areas of construction. Among the positive and negative properties of the material should be mentioned:

• advantages - ease of installation, lightness and high strength of the resulting structure;
• disadvantages - poor thermal insulation, dubious aesthetics of the finished roof.

Corrugated board, like other sheet metal roofing materials, is characterized by high noise, which is why the roof needs additional sound insulation.

Ondulin

For the production of ondulin sheets, pulp and paper fibers, refined bitumen and polymer resins are used. Ondulin sheets are painted in various colors with temperature-resistant paint. The material is used as a coating for residential buildings of one- and multi-storey buildings, agricultural facilities, as well as public facilities. The sheets have a wavy profile, length - 2000 mm, width - 950 mm. With a sheet thickness of 3.0 mm, its weight is only 6.5 kg. This, as well as ease of installation, allows you to do the roof yourself.

Sheets of ondulin are attached to the crate with special nails. It can be mounted on roofs with an angle of 6° or more, the step of the lathing elements is from 30 cm. The material is easily cut with a regular hacksaw, which simplifies working with it.

For all its attractiveness, ondulin, in addition to its positive properties, also has disadvantages:

• advantages - corrosion resistant, maintenance-free, safe for health and the environment, has good sound insulation;
• disadvantages - low level of fire safety, relatively short service life (up to 25 years).

Slate

Asbestos cement sheets, better known as slate, are characterized by high strength and durability. To date, both flat and wavy slate are on sale, as well as its painted version. Wavy slate it happens six-, seven- and eight-wave. A fairly heavy building material, with a length of 1750 mm and a width of 980 - 1130 mm, depending on the thickness, it can weigh up to 25 kg.

The slate is mounted on a crate made of timber with a cross section of 50 mm to 75 mm, in increments of 50 cm. If the roof slope is less than 22 °, then the crate must be reinforced. The slate is fastened with special roofing nails.

Pros and cons of slate:

• advantages - service life of about 40 years, low price, high fire resistance;
• disadvantages - fragility, low moisture resistance.

Given this, slate can only be used for outbuildings.

This roofing material is made of galvanized sheet steel, 05 and 0.7 mm thick, covered with a protective and decorative color coating. It can have both a completely flat surface and a wavy or trapezoidal profile, which serves to strengthen long sheets and minimizes the effect of deformation, which sometimes appears as a result of exposure to high temperatures. Sheets are available in various widths. The length is selected to the size of a particular slope. On small roofs (with a slope length of up to 10 m), one sheet can cover the entire length.

The roof got its name because of the way the individual elements are connected. The edges extending from the eaves to the ridge are joined by a standing seam, and the transverse edges of the roof slope are joined by a recumbent seam. The connection can be single or double. During installation, the side edges are joined with a fold, moving from the eaves to the ridge. With special fasteners (clamps), the panels are attached to the crate.

Seam roofing is used in residential and industrial construction. Her strengths and weaknesses:

• advantages - high flexibility and low weight, aesthetics, no risk of fire, immunity to low temperatures;
• disadvantages - the complexity of installation, noise.

When selecting roofing materials and analyzing their properties, one should take into account the severity of certain atmospheric phenomena in a given region of the country (wind force, intensity of rain and snow). For example, the roofs of houses in mountainous areas must have a large angle of inclination in order to easily get rid of snow. In areas where strong gusty winds are common, it is advisable to choose heavy-duty roofing materials rather than lightweight metal roofing.

Soft roof and its varieties

There are several varieties of soft roofs on the building materials market, which are widely used both on the roofs of industrial buildings and in private construction, especially on roofs with a large number of architectural elements.

Flexible tiles - fiberglass plus bitumen

Bituminous tiles, often also called shingles, shingles, etc., resemble classic roofing material in structure. Technically, it differs little from it, since its design also uses a core in the form of a solid base (cellulose, fiberglass or plastic), which is impregnated with bituminous mass and covered with stone chips. advantage shingles is the possibility of its installation on roofs of any configuration.

Suitable for most roofs with a slope of 12°. If we are talking about the upper limit, then the roof can be very steep, up to vertical planes. fastened flexible tile to a continuous crate of plywood or OSB-boards. A brief description of:

• advantages - resistance to negative influence weather conditions, various kinds of deformation, easy installation, which does not require special skills and equipment, good sound insulation, long term services;
• disadvantages - it is difficult to replace one element, heats up quickly under the scorching sun, a rather high price.

Roll built-up roofing

It consists of two layers of bitumen, between which a carrier base is placed, then a polymer layer and a mineral dressing on top. Polyester, fiberglass or fiberglass is used as the basis. The main scope of rolled roofing materials is industrial construction, utility buildings. Optimal slope slope for one layer 9 - 22 °, for two layers 3 - 15 °.

Roofing strips are welded onto a cleaned surface treated with a bitumen-based primer using a burner. Each strip should overlap the previous one by at least 10 cm. A high-quality deposited material can last up to 30 years.

This is perhaps the most budget option for roofing - all types of bitumen-based rolled roofing materials are characterized by a low price. The pros and cons of this material are as follows:

• advantages - good vapor permeability, lightness, environmental friendliness;
• disadvantages - low fire resistance, not very attractive appearance.

This product is a type roll materials new generation. PVC, TYPE and EPDM membranes are produced. The nominal thickness of the product is 1.80 mm, 2.20 mm 2.50 mm (in this case, the homogeneous waterproof layer of the membrane has a thickness of 1.20, 1.50 and 1.80 mm, respectively). Dimensions 2*20 m.

Sealing is carried out by hot air welding, without the use of additional preparations. Thanks to this, the connection is homogeneous, its strength is higher than the strength of the material itself, and the seam itself retains all the advantages of the base material. The production of materials is carried out in compliance with high environmental standards. If the roof slope is more than 10°, then the membrane is fixed mechanically. The main pros and cons of the material:

• advantages - resistance to mechanical stress, water resistance, ease of installation;
• disadvantages - increased requirements for the base, exposure to aggressive chemicals.

Self-leveling roofing - applied directly to concrete

With the help of a self-leveling roof, a single (without joints), elastic, light and durable (up to 15 years) coating is created. For coverage flat roofs bituminous-rubber or polyurethane (from polyurethane foam or polyurethane elastomers) masses are used. All of them are supplied ready for use in construction.

Execution condition good coverage is the appropriate ground preparation. It must be durable, with a homogeneous structure, before starting work it must be cleaned, leveled and primed. On flat roofs, reinforcement can be dispensed with. If the angle of inclination is more than 2 °, then in order to avoid draining the mass, the surface is reinforced (with fiberglass tapes, a mesh of polyamide, polyester or polypropylene). In any case, the use of reinforcement increases the life of the roof. In addition to the advantages, the material also has some disadvantages:

• advantages - no seams, perfect fit to the base, ease of use and relatively low price;
• disadvantages - increased requirements for the base.

Like other building materials, the main types of roofing materials, in addition to undeniable individual advantages, are not without some disadvantages. Therefore, when choosing a roof covering, you should carefully analyze the conditions in which the building will be operated.

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The roof of the house protects Vacation home from precipitation. In addition, it maintains the necessary thermal conditions.

Almost all types of roofs are also responsible for decorative features. Architecture gives all roofs a very important meaning. Often, a non-standard roof adorns the most ordinary country house. But still, the main function of the roof is protection. Therefore, all canopies must comply with established norms and standards. Our article will tell you about all the requirements. Now I would like to talk about terminology.

The roof is the part of a building that sits on top of its base. She protects interior spaces from moisture penetration, wind and solar radiation. The roof is a complex architectural element. It includes load-bearing structures (truss system) responsible for the distribution of the load of the roof and precipitation. It is also an integral part of the roof, which protects the country house from winds, cold and moisture.

The roof is a multilayer "pie". It consists of:

• roofing;
• waterproofing layer;
• thermal insulation (one or more layers);
• vapor barrier material.

The roof is the part of the roof that can be seen from the outside. It is the roof that not only protects the building itself, but also determines its entire architectural and decorative appearance.

But not only roofing affects the roof of the house. Important importance is given to the type of roof - the defining element for the entire building. Today you can find a variety of classic and unusual roofs. This allows you to choose the most suitable option and make a house with a unique design.

Types of roofs of houses:

• Flat roofs are the simplest type with a slope of only 3%. They are used in construction apartment buildings and other massive structures. Private houses rarely contain this type of roof, as there is almost no design value. In addition, flat roofs accumulate snow masses, and this, in turn, leads to an increase in the strength requirements of the roof and load-bearing structures;
• Pitched roofs - have a slope angle of 10 degrees or more. Ideal for building a private house.

Benefits of pitched roofs:

1. self-cleaning from various types of precipitation;
2. allow you to equip the attic or attic room;
3. the possibility of applying design and architectural ideas.

Types of roofing roofs

This is not a complete list of pitched roofs.

Caution: When designing pitched roofs, provide a major system for draining water and snow from the roof surface.

Today you can find a range of roofing materials. For example, classic slate is popular. It is used for the construction of roofs of outbuildings. Modern materials are represented by metal or composite tiles. You can often meet and plastic roof. Thanks to modern materials, you can equip both reliable and aesthetic plastic tiles. At the same time, the choice of colors is very large.

Various materials are used as roof waterproofing, ranging from roofing felt to liquid rubber. The roofing material is represented by bitumen for the roof, which is applied to the fabric base. In this regard, roofing felt is a fairly versatile material. It is used as a material for flat roofs of warehouses, hangars and residential buildings. Note that initially the roofing felt resembled sheets of cardboard 1x1 meter. One side was free, and the other was covered with bitumen.

Of course, such a cardboard roofing material served for a rather limited period. However, it was indispensable if it was necessary to cover the roof in a short time. Today, roofing materials include fiberglass. This allows the material to be used for 20 years without loss of quality. Before laying roofing felt, you need to prepare the surface. It is important to make the surface of the roof as flat as possible.

Typical roof units and rafter fastening

The rafter frame is the basis for the roofing pie.

pitched roof has a relatively large area. It is even compared to a sail. And this is no coincidence, because strong wind can easily rip it off or move it some distance.

In both cases, the roof will be damaged. And this is already an extra headache for the owner. country house. In these conditions, secure fastening roofs to walls will make it stable and durable.

1. Rafter legs are installed on a beam (Mauerlat). It, in turn, is attached to the walls of the structure. To create a Mauerlat, you will need a 15x15 cm timber or a 15x10 cm board.
2. Mauerlat is attached to the walls. For this, anchor bolts or bolts pre-screwed into the walls are used. For greater reliability, you can tie the beam with burnt fittings. Also, the Mauerlat beam is usually associated with adjacent beams.

The result is a strong foundation for the rafter frame and roof. The task of strapping includes the competent redistribution of the load on the walls of the building.

gable roof- device, detailed video:

Thunderstorm protection

When designing and building a roof, remember that the ridge is the highest point of the building. Under these conditions, you cannot do without lightning protection. Especially if it's a metal roof.

As practice shows, even a small lightning strike on the roof of a building leads to a fire. Moreover, if there are people in the attic or in the attic, they can also be injured. Help prevent accidents important process- grounding of the roof.

Tip: Steel pins act as protection against thunderstorms. Their diameter must exceed 8 mm. The pins are attached along all edges of the roof horse and on the pipes. In height, the pins must be at least 1 meter above the roof level. In this case, the distance between them ideally should not exceed 12 meters.

1. The bottom ends of the pins usually contain a wire that should be welded to them. The diameter of the wire must match the diameter of the down conductor. Special clamps are used to fasten the down conductor. The element is attached to the roof and walls of the building. It is recommended to fix it on the basis of the downpipe.
2. After fixing and lowering the down conductor to the ground, it is necessary to fix it on a flat surface. To do this, a distance of 1 meter is measured from each wall of the building.
3. Further, a hole is dug half a meter deep, into which three steel pipe. It is recommended to connect them with a pre-welded steel strip.

Pipes act as ground conductors. But they will not perform their functions without a down conductor. Bolts are required to fasten the element. The process of welding the down conductor to the surface of the pipes will not be superfluous. Such a grounding scheme will create high-quality protection against thunderstorms. Types don't matter here. roofing, such protection should be on every roof of a country house.

Thus, building a house implies compliance with all the rules and regulations for tying the roof. Also important is the competent installation of the truss frame and roofing pie. By creating reliable roof- you are contributing to the future of your building (read: ""). After all, if you carry out a competent process, you can save on the possible repair of the roof or its elements. different types roofs differ from each other in their design and type of roofing material. However, all of them should be chosen based on practical significance. In other words, it is important to choose not only an aesthetic, but also a reliable roof.