Porch - element country house which has both functional and aesthetic value. This part often plays the role of a front building, emphasizing the beauty of the entire building. There are a large number of options for porch designs. We will analyze the features of some of them in our article.
Peculiarities
A popular material for creating a porch is wood. Less commonly, metal is used for this structure, almost never plastic. The design features of a project for a private house boil down to the fact that it needs to be thought out in the same style as the house itself. The element should look like a single part of the building. Therefore, construction cannot begin without a thoughtful style and functionality of this element.
The design of the porch can act as a contrast to the house. For example, if the building is tidy but looks dull, a spectacular porch will add to the home's presentability. Sometimes the porch, on the contrary, add a minimum of decor. However, the natural characteristics of wood add to the structure's natural beauty.
The functionality of the porch is to facilitate entry and exit from the doors of the house. The structure is often supplied with an additional canopy. It plays the role of protecting the entrance from adverse weather conditions.
In order for the operation of the porch to bring real convenience, the parameters of the structure are taken into account at the design stage. However, more often the porch is an extension with parameters identical to the entrance or slightly wider than the entrance.
It is important to provide for the presence of a porch to the house at the construction stage, since it should be built from the same material as the structure itself. In addition to wood and metal, concrete and brick are used to create it. Porch wood is chosen because it is inexpensive. Lumber is also easy to process, which makes it possible to make an extension yourself. Before starting work, it is worth understanding the variety of outbuildings.
Kinds
The porch of a private house happens:
- Normal. It includes steps with risers, which may be open or closed. An ordinary porch can be with or without railings. Another simple porch is made low, without massive flooring, but it can be with a canopy. A simple porch attached to a private building is a successful and suitable option structures.
- A porch with flooring is called a patio in modern times. The site is often used for flower pots, and a resting place is arranged on it. Such an entrance is often installed on piles.
- Porch-terrace or veranda is a voluminous, but low porch, united by an open area near the house. To enter the veranda from the street, a small staircase is organized. The territory of the veranda is usually covered, and the territory of the terrace is open.
By design, the elements are built-in, which are built together with the house and have a common foundation with it. Another porch can be attached. This element can be completed while already living in the house
Material
For the manufacture of the porch of a private house, materials are used:
- wood (logs, timber);
- concrete;
- metal (forged elements, steel);
- bricks or stone.
An ideal option for a timber structure would be a semi-closed or open log porch. Its execution will require skill and creative thought. Without the appropriate experience, it is unlikely to be built correctly, since you need to know how to knit a log base.
At the same time, the ability to work with wood will allow you to build porches in various styles. For example, logs of rough processing will ideally embody the Russian style. From logs, you can build a patio and surround it with a lattice of timber. The design of the building is simple, but at the same time does not lose its functional feature. The half-wall material can also be metal - for example, forging looks very impressive. Forged elements can be seen on the railings of the porches, built from various materials.
Concrete is a common choice of base for porch steps brick house. Another concrete porch can be a continuation of the foundation frame house. For greater attractiveness, the concrete porch is faced with brick or decorative stone. All material for the porch is selected at the initial stage of construction, taking into account its characteristics.
If we are talking about logs, then usually this is a round assortment used in work without cutting. In fact, it is a natural base with preserved texture, chemical and physical qualities. In modern industries, log base processing technologies are mechanized, and the logs themselves are sold according to the GOST classification. Building logs are beautiful, durable, environmentally friendly.
Among the shortcomings, experts note their ability to ignite and rot, which will not be observed if the porch is made of metal. These features of the material are eliminated by additional protection.
If concrete is used as the basis of the porch, then it should be borne in mind that the main component of the material is cement, and the additional ones are water, sand, expanded clay or crushed stone. The characteristics of the concrete will vary depending on the amount of added components and the quality of the mixing technology.
Brick and stone are mainly needed as facing materials. If a brick is used as a base, its appropriate types should be selected. For the base of the porch, it is better to choose dense types of bricks. Also, experts advise not to save on quality and not to choose low-grade grades of material. For example, for a porch is most suitable clinker brick, but its price is much higher than that of the conventional ceramic version. But the clinker brick will last longer, and it will not require additional finishing.
Dimensions
In addition to the material, it is important to initially determine the size of the porch. One thing is important - the structure should provide free access to the house. The porch plays the role of a buffer zone when entering the house from the street. More optimal size the porch should allow the free movement of objects. For example, sometimes you will have to bring such bulky items into the house as a refrigerator, furniture, household appliances.
The dimensions of the extension should also ensure the safety of operation, especially if there are children or the elderly in the house. For example, a porch with a height of one meter or more without railings cannot be called safe. The ideal width of the porch will be up to a meter wide.
It will be attractive and comfortable to be on wider structures. It is important to provide for the height of the steps of the stairs. They should be comfortable to climb. For convenience, all steps are made the same in width, which should be about 25 cm. The optimal height of the steps is 12-20 cm. When arranging the upper platform, it is important to ensure that its height is several centimeters lower from the door.
Style and design
The design of the porch at the house depends on the location of this design. If this is the front part, then the porch should serve as a business card for the building. In this home decoration, it is important to consider fashion trends and skillfully combine them with personal tastes and preferences.
The design of the porch should make a private house attractive. For example, the most relevant style in housing construction is country. It has wood decor. As a result of its application, an atmosphere should be obtained country mansion. Often in this design option, wood is complemented by decorative stone. These two materials are very harmoniously combined and are suitable for finishing the porches.
The house of a modern minimalist style will be successfully emphasized by the construction of a concrete porch. The concrete porch can be given any shape, tile decor can be added, or it can be left without any coating. This idea allows you to emphasize the texture of the walls, the attractiveness of their colors.
IN modern design brick is often used. It is believed that this material is not only attractive, but also reliable. No less durable natural stone. Designers often use different varieties of this material. All of them perfectly withstand adverse weather conditions and do not require additional maintenance. A natural stone goes well with monumental columns, sculptures and other elements of the Empire style.
Metal is often used in the decoration of porches. Forged canopies, railings and decoration elements are already familiar. The advantage of forged structures is in strength, which means in the duration of the operational period. With forged elements, the building acquires a special architectural sophistication. The carved porch becomes a real decoration of home ownership.
How to build with your own hands?
The design of the extension is always associated with the architectural design of the building. The height of the base and the features of the landscape of the site are important. In the design version, there may be one or more bases with one or two ladders. The ladder is supplied with internal and external supports. The inner part is the part fixed in the crown of the house. For the outer part, a monolith is poured or columns (piles) are driven in.
If the porch staircase includes one or two steps, the railing can be omitted. If there are more steps, railings are required, they must correspond to the overall design of the structure.
A canopy may be required to protect the site from rain and snow. It is within the power of a home craftsman to make an ordinary porch out of wood.
To comply with the technology, consider the following stages of activity:
- calculation and planning;
- definition of materials;
- framework definition;
- erection of the structure.
The size of the extension is important in order to fill the foundation correctly. Later it is worth comparing the dimensions of the stairs with the gap to the entrance. The average length and height of the step is 15 * 15 cm. Up to front door should be 2-4 cm.
For a simple wooden porch, you will need the following materials:
- bars for beams and rafters - 10-20 cm;
- boards for the platform and steps 5 * 15 * 20 cm;
- cement and gravel for the base.
Tools:
- file;
- hammers;
- nails;
- measuring device.
The foundation is the main structure. For a simple wooden porch, a stilt base is suitable. You can make a design with your own hands quickly and inexpensively. For the construction under the piles, pits with a depth of about 80 cm are needed. The piles themselves can be made of timber, but the wood for them must be treated with protective agents. The installed piles are backfilled and compacted with earth. The base is allowed to be poured with concrete, but then all subsequent stages will be possible only after the mixture has completely hardened. It is important that the height of the supports is the same. After alignment, cuts are prepared. They are needed to fix the binding of the base. Reliable strapping minimizes the possibility of log deformation. Some craftsmen attach the structure to the wall of the structure for reliability.
The ladder is made from the formation of a bowstring. This element comes with carved ledges, plug-in or cut-in steps. In order for the notches for the feet to be the same, a pattern is prepared, the dimensions of which correspond to the tread and riser. According to the pattern, the markup is prepared according to the bowstring itself.
Thinking about building individual project, it is not uncommon for a private developer to find that a front porch that is being built along with a home accounts for a disproportionate share of the estimated cost. Designers and builders do not cheat here: the extra corners of the foundation and its protrusion under the porch require in-depth calculations and technical measures to ensure uniform shrinkage of the structure. Therefore, in many cases it turns out to be advisable to build a house without a porch, and then attach a porch to it with your own hands. Moreover, such work is feasible for a person with initial experience as an amateur builder or who does not have one at all, and a porch correctly attached to the house will not affect the strength of the building structure.
Material selection
The porch to the house can be attached brick, stone, concrete, wood or steel, welded from profiles or cold forged. Brick is undesirable: natural soil chemistry, microflora and microfauna get on it with splashes during rain, which quickly destroy the material. It is for this reason that brick houses are built on a basement with a height of 400 mm or more. A completely forged or stone porch is difficult to perform and will be very expensive. It will be much easier and cheaper to build a porch of simple shapes and then revet it under a stone or the same brick or decorate it with overhead forged elements.
As for the aesthetic qualities of the remaining materials, the statements that, they say, to concrete house you also need a concrete porch, to a wooden one - a wooden one, they are not substantiated by anything. The houses in the photo below with a porch made of materials that seem to be incompatible with each other and with the main structural material of the building. However, it is immediately clear that they are combined. Technically, it is quite possible to attach a porch of any material to any house. What are we going to do.
Base
It is necessary to build a porch so that during seasonal ground movements and due to uneven shrinkage, the house and the porch do not affect each other. Cracks along the contours of the junction of the house with the porch are undesirable in any case, but in no case should they violate the design of both. Suddenly, the crack nevertheless went, it is necessary to be able to repair it without starting complex construction work.
The fulfillment of these conditions ensures a properly executed base of the porch. A private house and the porch subsequently attached to it must have separate foundations; this is, generally speaking, general principle construction of extensions to a house that has already shrunk. Schemes of the bases of the porches for different occasions are given in the figure, and we will analyze the ways of pairing the porch with the main structure along the way, because For different materials porch they are different.
Note: if the height of the slab foundation under the porch is more than 200 mm, then its reinforcement (see below) must be made 3-level. Replace non-buried and columnar foundations masonry from ready-made concrete blocks, with rare exceptions (see below), is highly undesirable, because then, due to the low weight load, the base of the porch will turn out to be unstable.
Tree
A wooden porch looks great in any home and with any decorative design. Building a wooden porch is the easiest. The base for a wooden porch also requires the simplest to complete: a columnar or shallow foundation, see fig. The last (on the right in the figure), in general, as they say, a song is one of 2 cases when ready-made concrete blocks can be used - “bulls” 400x400x200. If the span of the stairs of the porch (see below) from the forty board is up to 900 mm, a couple of “bulls” will suffice. Span up to 1300 mm - the treads of the steps are reinforced from below with backing bars 40x40. The span is longer - additional support blocks are needed.
On the 3rd fig. Below are typical projects of wooden porches. Typical design of individual housing is carried out by studying the requests of developers, therefore, it is quite possible that you will find a porch here that is suitable for you. But most importantly - pay attention to the ways of connecting wooden parts.
The great advantage of a wooden porch is that it is able to "play" according to the movement of the ground, while remaining tightly attached to the house. Therefore, a wooden porch does not need a particularly stable foundation. But it is also not necessary to “tighten” the frame of the wooden porch, it should walk a little as if on hinges, see fig. on right.
No special hinges are required; ordinary carpentry joints are quite elastic and pliable for this. Each porch in Fig. with the projects, it is done in such a way that it will win back the movements of the soil up to strongly heaving, without transferring excessive stresses to the structure of the frame house. And the “framework” will withstand, any other will survive.
Ladder
Stairs are the most difficult knot of any porch, and a wooden staircase is more difficult to make than others. However, heavy long-term work is not required for this, and a wooden staircase can be attached to any other porch. Therefore, it is from the stairs that you should start developing your own porch to the house.
Essential elements
The ladder, as you know, can be made in bowstrings and on stringers (skewers), see fig. At the stairs in bowstrings, the ends of the platforms of the degrees - the risers - are closed by the beams that carry the steps, and at the stairs on the stringers, the ends of the steps are free. Wooden stairs for outdoor use are preferably made on stringers so that moisture does not stagnate in the gap between the bowstring and the step and does not cause the wood to rot.
The gap between the underside of the upper step and the tread of the lower one is called the riser; it can be open and closed (deaf). The steps of one flight of stairs, assembled in bowstrings or stringers, make up the flight of stairs. The overhang of the step over the riser (step overhang) allows you to increase the width of the tread without reducing the angle of inclination of the march, and, accordingly, the departure of the stairs - the length of its projection onto the underlying surface. Giving a step overhang of more than 30-40 mm is undesirable, people will cling to it with their toes. In order for the shoes to slip less over the overhang, the deaf riser is sometimes made beveled anteriorly flush to the front edge of the tread of the upper step.
Note: general schemes devices and fastenings of wooden stairs are given on the trail. Fig., and we will deal with the details further.
Calculation
The outdoor stairs may be wet, icy. On it often rise tired, chilled and wet. Therefore, the height of the steps of the outer staircase should be kept optimal - 160-175 mm, and the angle of inclination of the march should be within 30-40 degrees. For the same reasons, the width of the tread is taken more than for internal stairs - 280-320 mm. It is not necessary to give it over 350, it will be inconvenient to ascend. Span of an external staircase, based on walking in outerwear, should, if possible, be taken no less than the internal stairs of a double passage, i.e. from 1300 mm.
Note: the slope of the march is calculated as arctg(h/w), where h is the height of the step, and w is the width of the tread without overhang.
Also, for the convenience of walking and reducing the likelihood of slipping, the stairs are designed so that a person descends from the last step with the same foot that stepped on the first. It follows that the steps of the ladder must be an odd number. According to these data, knowing the area available under the stairs from the outside, it is calculated. If the calculation does not converge in any way, it is necessary, firstly, to “play” with the size of the overhang. In addition, the stairs to the porch most often go to the platform. This allows the upper last, the so-called. frieze step, do it already. Well, and the space in front of the house to fit the removal of the stairs, most often, is also enough. Finally, you can vary the width of the platform, but if it goes out less than 750 mm, it is better to refuse the platform altogether.
Staircase on stringers
The most important node of the stairs to the porch is its connection with the building. On the left in fig. ways of pairing stairs on stringers without a platform are shown. Pairing according to pos. 1 (kosour with gash) is preferable for wooden house, which also “plays” well and gives less shrinkage. The cross section of the platform beam (which in this case is attached to the lower crown of the frame or log house) here is enough 75x50 mm.
For fastening a kosour without gash (pos. 2 on the left), a platform beam of 100x50 mm in diameter is required. This method is preferred for attaching stairs to stone and concrete structures. In any case, the surface of the tread of the upper step should be located 50-60 mm below the top of the door threshold, based on further shrinkage of the house.
On the right in fig. - methods of fastening the flight of stairs to the platform, depending on the width of the frieze step. If the platform is wooden (see below), then it will be a damper between the stairs and the building; in this case, the stringer can be fixed tightly to the platform beam, for example, with steel corners and self-tapping screws. Otherwise, the kosour is attached to the beam with a tie-in without gash.
Methods for attaching steps to the stringer are shown in the following. rice. Mounting on fillies and steel holders is laborious, but the good thing is that you can put an ordinary bar 150x50 or 150x75 on the stringers. Molded lumber of greater width per cubic meter is significantly more expensive, because. great waste of wood when sawing timber.
Note: dowels in this case are wooden dowels, not furniture dowels!
Area
A wooden landing is usually a frame made of timber from 150x150. Support poles, if they are wooden - from the same timber. If the width / length of the platform exceeds 1.7 m, it is necessary to install a crossbar (s) also from a bar 150x150. The strapping bars of the frame and crossbars cut into half a tree at the junctions.
The flooring of the platform is laid on the logs 150x50. The logs are placed parallel to the short side of the site in increments of up to 750 mm (under the flooring of the forty board) and cut into the frame and crossbars also half a tree. Floor boards must not be tongue-and-groove, they will rot! The porch area is covered with boards with rounded corners with gaps of 2-3 mm for water drainage. Spacer boards for mounting outdoor wooden decking are commercially available, on the left in fig.
Note: in general, the entire porch should initially be designed so that the ends of the boards / beams are protected from direct moisture. It is better to immediately give a little surplus and cut it off than to rack your brains later on what to do with rot. An example of the correct implementation of the porch railing is on the right in fig.
Staircase in bowstrings
The staircase on the stringers does not always fit the chosen design of the porch. In this case, the ladder in bowstrings must be designed in such a way that it is as stable as possible in external influences.
General device wooden stairs in bowstrings is shown in fig. You can get by with pairs of narrower boards for bowstrings instead of one wide one with the help of overlays for steps - surfboards - pos. A. The ribs are cut from a board material resistant to external influences, for example. OSB. Their thickness, for steps from forty and bowstrings from "fifty kopecks" - from 18 mm.
Fastening bowstrings with screw cords is the simplest and most reliable, but, you know, the pieces of iron stick out. Sufficiently reliable and invisible fastening with strands on steel wedges, however, bowstrings with a thickness of 75 mm or more are needed for it. Mounting on steel wedges is laborious and requires considerable carpentry skills: for wedged spikes of strands with a height of 50 mm or more in bowstrings, you need to choose blind sockets of the dovetail profile. When assembling the frame of the march, the bowstrings are strongly, but evenly and accurately, tapped with a wooden sledgehammer - a snow leopard. The whiskers of the spikes of the cords are then tightly wedged in the dovetails. Bowstrings for assembly on strands with steel wedges need oak, and strands (from 60x60 mm) - from high-quality straight-grain pine. Not from larch, it is fragile!
Of great importance for the accuracy of the assembly of stairs in bowstrings is the accuracy of their marking under the steps. The main ways of installing (joining) steps in bowstrings are given in Fig.:
The steps of outdoor stairs in bowstrings should be placed on backing bars or surfs. This, firstly, reduces the possibility of moisture accumulation in the grooves for treads / risers. Secondly, the march frame can be assembled and, if necessary, trimmed before installing the steps. Both make the manufacture of a wooden staircase in bowstrings feasible for beginners.
The scheme for assembling the stairs in bowstrings "for dummies" is given on the next. rice. In this way, a green novice carpenter can even make beveled risers (shown in pale tone). On the right in fig. - ways of fastening steps to it. Here it should be added to the above that it is not necessary to put treads on steel corners in the outer staircase - rust will flow.
metal porch
A metal porch is the second most popular after a wooden one. With their own hands, a steel porch is most often made for giving: here the appearance, as they say, does not beat very much, but the entire structure can be welded in advance in production conditions, brought and delivered ready. A steel porch without wrought iron decorations will cost less than a wooden one, not to mention a concrete one.
Due to their elasticity, metal structures are very little susceptible to damage by soil movements. But she is able to transfer great efforts to the construction of the building. Therefore, on soils of medium and stronger than average heaving, the steel porch must be made floating, like a concrete monolith (see below). The foundation under it can be laid slab lightweight, with a slab 100 mm thick flush with the ground surface and single-level reinforcement. On weak and non-rocky soils, a steel porch can be made cantilevered (see below) with supports from a pair of bullock blocks under the heel.
The steel porch is usually assembled on stringers as shown in fig. Channels for stringers and platform frame take 60 mm; corner for frames of steps - equal-shelf 40 mm. Logs under the platform flooring are made from the same corners welded into a T-shaped profile (half-tee). On the supporting pillars go steel pipes from 100 mm.
This design is optimal for production in industrial conditions, incl. piece and small-scale handicraft. The fact is that for accurate welding of step frames, volumetric conductors are needed. When welding outdoors on the weight, the steps of a novice welder will most likely come out skewed. Or, to assemble such a ladder on the spot, you need some experience, see for example. track. video.
Video: an example of assembling a metal staircase
A beginner can get out of the situation in several ways. The first one is shown in pos. and the figure above: instead of voluminous frames of steps on the plaza (a flat, durable fireproof platform), flat fillies are boiled under the steps. Tread them - either wooden hanging, or any (for example, stone) laid in flat frames from the same corner. In either case, the tread or frame for it is attached to the filly with screws, which allows you to align the steps. Bad in this method is its high labor intensity and increased consumption of material. Wooden treads will also not receive proper support, so you need to take thick ones from them.
The second method is shown on the left side of the footprint. rice. Here, the labor intensity and material consumption are less, because. supports from pipes after welding are cut into the horizon by a grinder according to the level and cord-mooring. According to this scheme, there is a temptation to reduce the volume of earthwork and concrete work by making a ladder on one stringer, on the right in Fig. However, it requires a cutting machine: the slightest distortion of the filly supports from the channel - and the steps went for a walk. You can make a cutting machine yourself by fixing the grinder on a swinging arm, the hinge of which is installed in a solid frame, but whether it is worth doing it is a master's business.
Finally, the simplest solution is a porch for OSB or plywood sheathing, and decorative trim along it, on a straight frame. Its device is clear from the next. rice. All parts of the frame are flat, cooked on the plaza. The foundation for such a porch is not needed at all, it hangs on the foundation of the building, this is the so-called. cantilever porch (see also below). It rests on the blind area of the house with adjustable screw legs, so please note: the frame is fixed to the foundation of the building only at the top, as shown in the figure! Fasteners - bolts from M8x130 with steel collet anchors. The pitch of the attachment points is up to 600 mm. Since the porch is always wider, intermediate posts are needed in the rear frame frame. Which will not interfere with other frames with a height of more than 400 mm.
concrete porch
A concrete porch is actually a little better than a brick porch: laborious, and the work is hard, material-intensive. Requires a reliable stable foundation for itself, it interfaces very poorly with the building. True, it will stand on a separate foundation no less than the house itself. Aesthetically, a concrete porch justifies itself only with a house of a purely utilitarian design (on the left in the figure); technically well combined with a patio porch (terrace, veranda, on the right in the figure), but a terraced porch must be built along with the house.
Also, at the same time with the building, a cantilever (hanging) and cantilever-supporting porch is being built, pos. III and IV on the next. rice. Since we are talking about an attached porch here, we will confine ourselves to a remark about them that the cavity under the concrete porch (wing liner) must be well ventilated, otherwise it will turn into a hotbed of dampness and a nesting place for all obscene living creatures.
Only a floating concrete porch is attached to the existing house, pos. I and II. A more detailed diagram of its device is shown at the bottom right in Fig. Instead of rigid mineral wool, a deformation seam (width - 10-12 mm) can, and even better, be laid with basalt cardboard. A piece of mineral wool or a sheet of basalt cardboard is taken out on the sides outside the porch monolith and temporarily attached to the foundation of the building with self-tapping screws in dowels through wooden slats. It is impossible to fix the filling of the seam to the foundation of the house in the area where the porch adjoins it!
A typical, one might say, defect of a floating concrete porch is a chronically occurring crack between it and the foundation of the building. It is not dangerous, but it flaunts in plain sight, like a red nose and bags under the eyes of an alcoholic, and generally without cracks is better. Therefore, it is better to attach a concrete porch to the house on a separate foundation, slab or pile-slab, depending on local conditions (see the figure with foundation diagrams).
About the foundations for a concrete porch in RuNet, what miracles you read! It is advised, say, to do it on undercut, pressed or driven piles. And the house is nearby, close, what, is it standing on a monolithic Precambrian rock? Pile work will not affect the reliability of its foundation in any way? If the concrete porch is made on a pile-slab foundation, the following should be borne in mind:
- Piling holes are drilled manually with a garden drill.
- Piles are reinforced and poured into ruberoid clips using a standard method.
- Piles are located symmetrically along the diagonals of the foundation slab with an indent of 250-350 mm from the corners.
- If any of the sides of the projection of the porch is more than 1.8 m, the piles are laid in an envelope (item 1 in the figure below).
- The belts (levels) of the reinforcing grid of the slab are fastened with a knitting wire to the vertical branches of the reinforcement of the piles immediately after the concrete has set in them. The distance from the lower reinforcement belt to the top of the bedding is 40-80 mm.
- To speed up the work, a sand and gravel cushion under the slab can be poured through the reinforcement grid of the slab. The remnants of the backfill from the armature are swept away.
- A slab with a thickness of up to 200 mm is poured in one layer, and a larger thickness - in layers of 15 cm.
- A freshly poured layer of concrete is pierced with a sharpened steel bar approximately in the middle of each grid cell to release air.
- The next layer of concrete mortar is poured as soon as the previous one begins to set. With this method of filling, the so-called. hydraulic compaction of concrete.
Note: it is possible to reinforce the foundation of a concrete porch with both steel and fiberglass (composite) reinforcement.
The porch is flooded when concrete slab gets ok. 15% durability. Practically - on the 2nd - 3rd day after setting the concrete of the foundation slab. There is no need to reinforce the concrete porch with multi-level powerful reinforcement (item 2 in the figure); enough for each step of one reinforcing belt made of steel mesh from 40x40x3 to 60x60x5, pos. 3.
The formwork boards must be soaked in advance with mineral oil (by mining, for example), so that they can be removed more easily later. If the concrete porch does not go under the finish, it is advisable to carefully sand the formwork from the inside, and seal the seams between the boards with wood putty. So the outer surfaces of the porch will be smooth.
Pros, working on order / for hire, pour the porch in one step, time is precious to them. Working for yourself, the porch can be poured in stages, pos. A-E in fig. In addition to saving material, the porch will turn out to be insulated and less prone to displacement by soil movements. Each successive step is poured as soon as the concrete of the previous one has set. The concreting of the steps of the porch is carried out in the next. order:
- Leveled and compacted gravel or expanded clay backfill is poured with a cement-sand 1:3 mortar of increased fluidity, with a water-cement ratio (VC) of 0.72, until all pebbles or granules are hidden. That is, the solution should be the density of liquid sour cream;
- As soon as the initial pour begins to set, pour the usual concrete mortar (cement: crushed stone: sand 1: 5: 3) of normal consistency with a layer of 4-6 cm;
- just grabbed the first layer of concrete pouring, lay the reinforcement and pour the step to the top of the formwork section. If wooden or stone treads will be installed on concrete, screw anchors are walled up for them at this step;
- The filled step is deaerated (de-aired) as described above;
- Immediately after pouring the next step, the previous one is ironed: sprinkle with dry cement M400 and rub it thoroughly wooden block(pos. 4 in the figure)
Note: scheme according to pos. A-E is for a floating porch. The pouring of the porch on the foundation by this method differs only in the absence of the primary pouring of the first stage with a cement-sand mortar.
The back wall of the porch (pos. E) is poured in layers of 15 cm with de-airing and hydro-sealing. The order of its filling is the same as for the steps. Wooden or stone treads are placed on propylene spacers with steel washers, pos. 5.
Canopy and canopy
A porch with is definitely better than an open one. Not only in terms of convenience, but also the safety of the building: the front door opening is the place from where most often the violation of the building structure begins under the influence of weather conditions. The roof of an attached porch can be a canopy on columns or a hanging canopy attached to the wall of the building.
The columns of the canopy of the attached porch must be concreted separately from the foundation of the porch, and even more so from the floating porch. The removal of the bases of the columns forward and to the side from the outer corners of the porch or its foundation - from 0.5 m; better - 1 m or more. The reason is the same difference in the shrinkage of the porch and the house. If the bases of the columns are not rigidly connected to the porch, frost heave forces will press the canopy against the wall. On the contrary - to tear it off the wall.
Note: the lower parts (roots) of wooden columns must be treated with bitumen at least 400 mm above the ground. The reason is the same for which it is possible to build from bricks only on the basement. Wrapping the roots of wooden columns with roofing material, in addition to impregnation, will not hurt, but keep in mind that it will not protect the aerial part of the root of the column! In the light, roofing material is destroyed over time by solar ultraviolet (UV).
The hanging visor does not fundamentally create shrinkage matching problems. It cannot be mounted only on frame and prefabricated panel walls; in all other cases, a hanging canopy is technically preferable to a canopy on columns. Schemes of porch visors welded from a 40-mm corner frame are given at the top in the figure, and drawings of a wooden porch visor are also below. All these canopies, except for arched and gable ones, must be equipped with a drainage gutter with an outflow to the side (s). The overall width of a wooden canopy made of timber 75x75 can be increased up to 2.5 m; for this resp. increase the size marked with an asterisk.
Fastening of peaks to a stone or concrete wall - with 8x130 self-tapping screws in propylene dowels or M8x100 bolts in collet anchors. TO wooden wall- self-tapping screws for wood M8x120. Canopy roof deck - any suitable (soft, steel or ceramic tiles, polycarbonate, slate, etc.); under any roof, except for polycarbonate, a crate is required. It is necessary to cover the visors with polycarbonate, following the rules for working with this material: turn it outward with the UV-resistant side, structure channels along the slope, close the edge with a filter tape, fasten it to the frame using thermal washers, etc.
About porch glazing
The glazed porch is cool and fashionable. In many cases, it is also convenient. But - glazing without fear is only possible on a porch built together with the house on a common foundation with it. As for the porches attached to the house, no technical guarantee for the safety of their glazing for more than one season is possible in principle.
Finally: how to search for information
You may need exact working drawings of some of the typical porches. For example, you were self-built according to a standard project, but so far without a porch. Unfortunately, there is no possibility to include at least part of the technical documentation even for one project in a review article, but the most popular of the standard projects of individual residential buildings are available on the Internet in free distribution.
In order not to “google” in vain for a long and painful time, but to go straight to the porch, in the search bar of the browser you need to type “Typical project 18…” or “Typical design solutions 8…”. A number of preliminary results will pop up for you according to documents available for free download like “Typical project 186-214-9.87” (this is a precast concrete porch from ready-made monolithic parts) or, say, “Typical design solutions 820-1-088.88” (drawings of a metal porch ), or “Standard project 189-000-362.85” (these are drawings of a wooden porch), etc. Further - it is clear. We look at what suits - we download, we determine the materials and costs, we build.
The porch is the outer extension in front of the entrance to the house.
Have you ever seen buildings (logically complete) without it? Hardly. After all, the porch is a functionally significant detail of any residential (and non-residential) structure; it contributes to a comfortable transition of a person from ground level to the level of the floor plane.
Since the floor in the house cannot be level with the ground, steps are an obligatory “component” of the porch. Directly in front of the door should be a platform large enough to comfortably accommodate several people. Above the extension, you can equip a canopy that protects it from precipitation.
Building a porch with your own hands - where to start?
Before you build a porch, you should definitely plan all your activities correctly, in particular, consider the appearance and design of the “structure”, its dimensions, optimal proportions, the number of steps, the height of the handrails, etc.
And also learn some technical tricks of building a house porch. So, the number of steps and their height should be calculated with a reference to the fact that a person must take a step onto the platform from the same foot with which he began the "ascent".
The optimal number of steps is three, five or seven (odd number). The recommended step height is 15-20 centimeters, the depth is about 30. If you make the depth greater, it will not be very convenient to walk.
An appropriate solution for the construction of a wooden porch would be to form a slope of steps of several degrees. Thus, water will not stagnate on surfaces.
Fencing a porch with a railing is a rather controversial issue. Experts believe that for a tall building (from one and a half meters) the railing justifies itself to some extent, but for a low extension it is rather an excess. It is clear that when you are not limited in funds, you can get creative, assign them the role of a decorative, aesthetically attractive detail of the exterior. With a modest budget for a small-sized design, it is better not to spray on the railing.
Important! From the point of view of ergonomics, the most acceptable railing height for the average owner is 80-100 centimeters.
The porch, if desired, can be equipped with a bench (it is not a mandatory element).
As for the site area, there are no SNIPs or recommendations for all occasions from professional builders. The site can be made in absolutely size - large, small ... and at least encircling the whole house, like a terrace. Some of the original projects assume that the porch functions as a veranda. In a word, before you start building a porch, it will not be superfluous to look at photos of houses with interesting exterior solutions. There are many options for arranging an extension.
The porch is often made as an independent structure, docked to finished house. But it can be (even better) and integral part buildings, have an initially common foundation with it.
For the first case, there is one very important recommendation - it is categorically not recommended to connect the extension to the monolith of the building, as they say, “tightly”. This is due to the fact that the structures have different weights, and, as a result, different shrinkage. Do not want to admire the deformations and cracks at the junction? So don't tempt fate.
Materials for building a porch
It is highly desirable that the porch be designed in the same style as the house. Agree wooden house with a stone porch will look ridiculous, as well as vice versa.
When decorating the porch, you can combine stone and wood, but this must be done very carefully and carefully. It is important that the extension (especially if it is "outstanding") forms harmonious combination with external paraphernalia - a fence, gates, etc. So, if a sufficient number of decorative forged elements are present in the fence or on the site itself, then the logical solution would be to use the same pilasters or railings of the porch itself when decorating the visor. The outhouse can be lit with fixtures identical in style to those that light up your property at night.
As for the size of material investments, the price for the construction of a porch will directly depend on what materials you choose and what “beauties” you want to ennoble.
How to build a concrete porch?
Before you build a porch with your own hands near a house made of concrete blocks or a brick house, you need to carry out a number of preparatory work. First of all, dig a hole for the foundation and form a platform for the extension. The depth of the pit for the foundation should be approximately 100-120 centimeters. A sand cushion 20 centimeters high is formed at its bottom. Next, you should build a wooden formwork and pour the base with mortar.
The next stage in the construction of the porch with your own hands is the creation of a concrete staircase. It is built using formwork, designed taking into account each of the steps. To make the porch more reliable and durable, it is necessary to reinforce it with special frames (made of reinforcement with a diameter of 10 millimeters). The steps are formed one after another: the first one dried up - the second one was poured, etc. The corners of the steps are reinforced with metal corners, “drowned” in the still uncured solution.
In the process of work, do not forget to take care of the hydro and vapor barrier of the extension.
The porch platform should be made 5 centimeters below the level of the door.
When all the concrete work is completed, you can start finishing the extension. For these purposes, it is impossible better fit porcelain stoneware or tiles.
Note! The main mistake of many inexperienced owners is to use tiles for decorating the porch. internal works. And sincere surprise why in the cold season it is terribly slippery.
Only use materials recommended for outdoor use.
Now, as for the railings. If your house is brick the best option there will be metal or brick railings, the handrails of which are made of wood. Wooden, high-quality processed railings are optimal for use at any time of the year. Even in winter.
If you plan to make a visor (roof), then keep in mind that it should cover the entire porch with a margin (protection of the entrance from rain and snow).
Making a brick building
The initial stage of building a brick porch is exactly the same as that of a concrete one - from preparing a pit for the foundation to pouring mortar under the porch. Then created brickwork, "layer by layer" - as if building a house. In terms of strength, a brick extension is no worse than a concrete one, but it will only cost more.
How to build a wooden porch?
A wooden porch is a great decoration for any wooden structure. It can be built in two ways.
The first (simple) way is to install a stepped wooden box on a concrete foundation, support the porch platform for strength with two beams emerging from the wall of the house. The lowest boards in contact with concrete are recommended to be treated with bitumen or machine oil - this is a critical procedure for extending their service life.
The second one is implemented with the help of stringers. As in the first case, the porch platform rests on the beams. And the stairs - to these same stringers (reinforced concrete sleepers or beams). The stringers are connected to the foundation by cutting down, but they are fastened together with a support board (fixed with through spikes). A waterproofed concrete support should also be provided.
Building a porch: video from an expert on the main technological mistakes
We construct a canopy
To create a canopy, you can use modern high-tech polycarbonate material. The frame for it, as a rule, is made of aluminum profile. Two consoles are used to support the structure.
Polycarbonate is attached to the frame with metal clips. It is better to use rubber washers in the attachment points - they will prevent leakage in bad weather. The dimensions of the screw holes should be two to three times the size of the parts themselves: this recommendation aims to allow the polycarbonate to expand freely under the summer sun.
Aesthetics and again aesthetics: how to build a beautiful porch in various styles
And finally, let's talk about the aesthetic side of the issue. There are a great many options for building a porch from a constructive and stylistic point of view. Let's try to highlight the main styles of porches that can be found in our cottage settlements.
classic porch
veneered ceramic tiles or natural stone. The canopy is most often gable, there are railings and decorative racks. The presence of a large number of designer features is unacceptable. It is undesirable to paint such an extension in bright colors. The classic porch is a purely practical solution in "neat colors".
Porch of the gingerbread house
This is a combination of decorative elements made of bricks and metal gratings. Cover such an extension gable roof. For decoration use wild grapes, ivy (other climbing plants). Wooden parts painted in colors close to the flora are not excluded.
European type of porch
It is characterized by the correct strict forms. Such an extension can be decorated with a wide variety of accessories.
The question is how to build a porch photo various options trims and decorations can be very useful. So you can more clearly imagine what kind of extension you would like to see in the end.
At the entrance there may be street-type lanterns, decorative garden figurines (animals, gnomes).
patio porch
It is a kind of adjoining house outdoor terrace. There can be tables, benches, chairs. It is not always covered with a visor or roof.
Fortress-style porch
Such an extension is made massive, trimmed with natural stone. Relevant details in its design are torch lamps, forged gratings. Pots with flowers will look great on forged lattices - they will further emphasize the massiveness and contrast of the structure.
Romantic annex
This is a kind of symbiosis of a gazebo with a porch. Such a structure is ideal for communication, smoke breaks, short dates. On the porch in a romantic style, benches must be present; if desired, coffee tables can also be placed. It is very desirable to have flowers and several lamps at different levels.
Whatever type and design of the porch you like, remember that the main thing is the use of quality materials and compliance with the technology of work at all stages of the process.
The entrance group and the facade of the house are those structures that experience the maximum impact of aggressive natural factors in the form of wind, rain, snow, sunlight. And the porch also has a considerable mechanical load.
Visors and canopies help to reduce the negative atmospheric influences on it, but only partly. But the closed porch to the house is much better protected, and therefore it lasts longer without repair and reconstruction.
Closed can be considered any porch, protected from all sides and from above from the weather. That is, a closed-type porch, as it were, is located in a separate room, specially attached to the house for it or designed even before the construction of the entire building began.
At the same time, it can be located in the vestibule, in a separate annex or on the veranda. These rooms may or may not have an entrance door to the street, be cold or heated.
Advice. If the entrance is on the leeward side, the opening leading to the porch does not have to be closed with a door.
Design solutions for an enclosed porch
The exterior of this structure should be combined with the general appearance of the house. But this does not mean at all that the closed porch of the house should be built from the same material as the main building.
However, if the aesthetics of the building are important to you, it is advisable to combine the house and the annex to it with some common element.
It could be:
- Roofing from one material;
- Windows of the same shape, located on the same level;
- Color of facades, etc.
somewhat pretty good options are given below:
More daring projects of a closed porch attached to the house are also possible. For example, it can be wooden with brick or stone facades, if the external decoration of the house also contains wooden elements- shutters, balcony railings, gables, etc.
Now you can often find a porch for a private house closed with metal-plastic structures with glazing or polycarbonate on a wooden or metal frame.
In a word, the design of a closed porch can be anything, as long as the owner likes it, and the price of the structure suits him.
Technical features
The requirements for the construction of a closed porch are the same as for any other extension to the house, since in fact it is the same thing, just with a staircase inside.
Specifically, enclosed porch designs should be developed under the following conditions:
- The design must be strong enough and reliable to withstand possible loads.
Note. First of all, this concerns the roof of the extension, which experiences increased loads in the form of snow, rain and wind. Therefore, when deciding how to close the porch from the rain, you need to choose materials and forms that correspond to the climatic zone and the weather conditions in the region.
- The closed extension should be well connected with the load-bearing wall of the main building. And the joints between them should not let rainfall in.
- The interior space should be well lit, for which it is necessary to bring light into the vestibule and equip it with windows or other translucent structures.
How to close the porch with your own hands
There are many ways to make a porch closed for a private house.
The choice depends on various factors:
- Location of the entrance group;
- Forms of the main building;
- Materials selected for construction;
- Porch heights;
- The presence of a porch in general.
Pay special attention to the last point. If you already have a staircase, you may be able to make a closed porch with your own hands using existing structures.
For example:
- Install a glazed metal-plastic fence with an entrance door on the platform or steps, bringing it under the existing canopy or canopy. This is exactly what the owners of the houses from the following pictures did: two simple rectangular structures - and the entrance is reliably protected from the weather.
And the next.
- Use railing and porch railing as mounting base arched roof from polycarbonate. This is perhaps the simplest and budget way how to close the porch from rain and snow.
If you decide to completely update entrance group or attach a porch to a new house, you first have to think about creating a solid foundation.
The video in this article tells more about the construction of the porch.
Foundation for a closed porch
A solid foundation is necessary so that both the staircase itself and its enclosing structures do not “walk” relative to the house. Most often it is made monolithic, slab type.
A brief instruction on its device is as follows:
- First of all, complete the project, at least by hand. It is needed in order to understand what dimensions the closed porch will have;
- According to the parameters of the future building, dig a pit, the depth of which depends on the weight of the porch and the load on the base. Usually 50-80 cm is enough;
- Strengthen the walls of the pit with formwork;
- At the bottom of the pit, pour and compact a layer of rubble about 20 cm thick;
- Lay a sand cushion on top of the rubble with a layer of up to 15 cm. It must be spilled with water and also compacted;
- Install a metal frame made of reinforcement with a cross section of 10-12 mm on the pillow;
- Pour concrete into the pit, ramming it in layers with a bayonet.
Advice. If a concrete staircase is planned for the porch, it is better to fill it at the same time as the foundation. This will make the structure monolithic and reduce the construction time, since the concrete must dry for a month.
Walls and roof
After the concrete gains strength, you can start building walls, after closing the base waterproofing materials. As mentioned above, building envelopes can be made of any material:
As you can see, a closed porch in a private house, depending on the materials chosen, can be both a fairly light construction and a whole additional room attached to the house. But in any case, it must be securely connected to the main walls.
In the case of a brick extension, during the construction of walls, it will be necessary to drive reinforcement pins into the facade so that they are in the seams between the rows of masonry. Such a bunch is done every 5-6 rows.
In the same reliable fastening needs a roof. If the annex is single-pitched, then the support beam under the upper ends of the rafters is mounted on the facade of the house.
Interior finishing includes facing of steps and landings of the stairs, filing of the ceiling, heating and power supply output. Although if the vestibule is not heated, most of the work from this list can be excluded.
Conclusion
You can also see how to make an extension to the house with your own hands. For example, a terrace, vestibule or veranda. Then combine these structures and get a closed porch, protected from the vagaries of nature on all sides.
The porch is an integral part of any private house, dacha or cottage. Making a porch out of wood has a lot of advantages, among which are the availability of materials and ease of installation. We will talk about how to make a wooden porch and its varieties further.
Wooden porch: features and types
Arriving at the house, guests first of all pay attention to the design of the porch, so special attention should be paid to the arrangement of this element. The porch of a wooden house is distinguished by its special beauty and showiness. It is not only characterized by practicality, but also emphasizes the environmental friendliness of the materials from which the whole house is built.
A wooden porch is called an external extension, which is located near the building, most often at the front door. The lack of a porch at the house gives it an unfinished appearance. Therefore, if the porch was not planned to be built during the construction of the building, many people think about its arrangement for many years after the construction of the house.
The porch is not only an aesthetic component of the building, but also performs practical functions, namely, in winter it prevents snow from getting to the door, it is an additional heat insulator.
In relation to the design features, the following types of porch are distinguished:
- simple - they look like an open area on which a small number of steps are located, while there are no enclosing structures on such a porch;
- partially closed areas - structures that have a small side fence, its main function is to decorate and protect the main building;
- attached - a porch, which is located near the building and in appearance resembles a small extension;
- built-in - a porch equipment option, which involves its arrangement in one of the premises of the building, for example, in a veranda, such a porch reliably protects the house from various kinds of sounds and at the same time acts as a heat insulator.
Closed or built-in porch options suggest their use as winter gardens, a place for receiving guests or a place for leisure activities.
In addition, there is such a type of porch as a patio. This design has an increased area and allows you to hold parties in it. The patio is an intermediate combination of a porch with a terrace. The main advantages of such a porch are simplicity and versatility.
Do-it-yourself wooden porch construction options
It is the porch that allows you to take care of the design of the front of the building. With the help of the right porch design, there is an opportunity to emphasize the integrity, architectural style and attractiveness of the building.
A wooden porch will be a great addition to a house made of logs, glued beams, gun carriages, etc. A house made by manual cutting has not only a spectacular appearance, but also has a special energy. The use of solid logs is characterized by high strength and durability.
If the building is made of timber, then the ideal porch option for it will be a semi-open porch made of logs. Its production requires special skill and creativity. For the construction of such a porch, you should hire experienced professionals who have the skills to knit logs.
If it is planned to build a porch for a small country house, it is preferable to choose the option with a simplified design. This will require the presence of a roughly processed tree.
Frame houses involve the simultaneous construction of a house with a porch. In this embodiment, it has the form of an extension or veranda. First, the frame is mounted, and then it is sheathed.
Wooden porch photo:
Features of designing a wooden porch
There are a large number of options finished projects wooden porch. It is also possible to order individual development of this element, by the specialists involved in the design. If the financial situation does not allow this, then you should do the design yourself.
On design features buildings are influenced by the architectural design of the house, the height of its foundation, landscape features and overall design. The porch is equipped in the form of one or two platforms, open, semi-open or closed.
The main component of the porch is an open horizontal platform, the entrance to which is provided by inclined flights in the form of a staircase of a small number of steps.
The most convenient march width is from 1.2 to 1.5 m. Its main components are bowstrings - bars set at an angle, as well as steps and railings. There is a directly proportional relationship between the width of the step, which is 0.6 m, and the width of the bowstring.
The main component of each step is a tread - a horizontal board, ranging in size from 27 to 33 cm, and a riser - a vertical board, the height of which varies between 15-18 cm. The most optimal width of the stairs is one and a half front doors. A convenient railing height is 90 cm.
Stairs with a wide tread and a low riser are distinguished by the convenience and comfort of lifting. To connect all the details of a wooden staircase, screws, nails and staples are used, and for additional fixation of the handrails, glue is used, which has a moisture-resistant base.
The staircase installed on the porch must have two supports: internal and external. The use of a wooden console will provide internal support for the stairs, it is fixed on the crown of the log house. In order to install external supports, the foundation of the structure is expanded, a monolith is poured or pillars made of wood are driven in.
In the process of constructing a horizontal platform, it is required to ensure its slight slope towards the street so that water flows freely along it. In the process of forming the flooring on the site, try to leave small joints between the boards that will help the water stack during rains.
If there is a small staircase leading to the porch (less than two steps), the construction of the fence is optional and is performed solely as decorative element. The steps as a whole should be in harmony with the design of the house and with the porch.
To protect the porch from the weather, it is recommended to equip a canopy over it. It is recommended to use the same materials for its decoration as the roof of the entire building is finished with.
The platform can be part of the house, be installed on one of its sides or have a built-in form.
To avoid inconvenience when opening the front door, the minimum size of the porch area is 1.2 by 1.8 m.
In the process of making the porch of a wooden house with your own hands, an important factor is its shape. In this matter, there are no restrictions, it is possible to arrange a porch of any shape. The main thing is that it is in perfect harmony with the general building and copes with its functions.
In relation to the shape of the porch, the following variations are distinguished:
- angular;
- semicircular;
- parallel;
- rectangular;
- oval;
- trapezoid;
- straight;
- lateral.
Do-it-yourself wooden porch: arrangement technology
The porch construction procedure consists of the following steps:
- carrying out calculations and planning;
- design and purchase of materials;
- frame construction;
- site arrangement.
The first stage of work involves the design of the porch. Before its construction, it is necessary to accurately determine the size of its main part in order to equip the foundation under it.
In order to make the porch of a wooden house with your own hands, you should purchase materials in the form of:
- bars, beams and rafters measuring 10x20 cm;
- boards, for flooring on the site, for arranging a canopy, steps and railings - 5x15x20 cm;
- cement and sand;
- tools in the form of a saw, hammer, nails, wood screws, building level, shovel, solution tank.
The best wood options that are used in the construction of the veranda are spruce or larch. They are highly moisture resistant and resistant to external irritants.
The initial stage of construction is the arrangement of the foundation, which is the basis of any structure.
For the construction of a site made of wood, it is enough to build a foundation of piles. Its cost is much lower than the tape, and the design is quite reliable and practical. In addition, it does not take much time and effort to equip such a foundation.
Please note that the duration of the operation of a wooden porch directly depends on the correct processing of the wood used in the process of its construction. The main requirements for the material are:
- the correctness of its drying;
- pre-treatment with antiseptics;
- treatment with moisture-repellent solutions;
- protection against insects.
To build a foundation, you will need to equip pits for piles around the entire perimeter of the structure. Their minimum depth is 0.8 m. Next, piles are installed, which are covered with earth and rammed.
Please note that waterproofing is an obligatory moment in arranging the foundation on piles, since neglecting this process will lead to the accumulation of moisture in the tree and to its destruction.
To increase the strength of the structure, it is attached to the base of the wall. Next, the bowstring begins to form. There are several varieties of it:
- bowstring with carved ledges;
- the presence of inserted degrees;
- with cut steps.
To form the same and symmetrical recesses, it is necessary to make a pattern. On the one hand, it corresponds to the dimensions of the treads, and on the other, to the risers. Next is the marking on the boards.
To increase the reliability of the design, care must be taken to connect the bowstrings with lags. To do this, it is necessary to provide a tongue and groove connection.
For the manufacture of this design, it is preferable to choose metal, and for strengthening, use metal staples.
by the most in a simple way site installation is the installation of boards, on a pre-constructed base from a log. The risers and steps are fixed to the surface using self-tapping screws or tongue and groove joints.
How to make a wooden porch: design options
In the process of decorating the porch, only materials of natural origin, such as stone, wood, should be used. The most common style direction in the design of the porch is the use of country style or rustic style. In the exterior of such a porch there is a combination of different species, textures and shades of wood.
In order to shade the naturalness of wood, it is recommended to use natural stone in the design of the porch.
In order to dilute the boring atmosphere, use bright textural elements in the form of chairs, armchairs, pillows to decorate the porch.
In addition, the presence of flowers in pots or tubs allows you to make the atmosphere festive and friendly for meeting guests.
Lamps in the form of lanterns or candles will be a great addition to the porch in the form of a terrace. In addition, on such a site it would be appropriate to install a barbecue, with which you can please guests. delicious meals cooked on the fire.
The main principle of the design of a wooden porch is to respect its asymmetry. If a lamp hangs on one side of the front door, then you need to install the same lamp on the other side, thus improving the visual perception of the porch.
Installing wicker furniture on the porch will make the atmosphere more homey and comfortable for relaxing. In addition, such furniture is quite resistant to moisture and temperature changes, if there is a special protective layer on it.
If desired, sculptures made of stone and wood will be appropriate on the porch. And the installation of forged lanterns will complement the style of country style. Try to stick to smooth lines in the design of a wooden porch, since it is with the help that you will be able to bring the exterior as close as possible to the naturalistic design style.
Wooden porch photo:
The classic design of a wooden porch involves the use of a gable canopy, wooden railings and a small entrance area. A small flowerpot with flowers is installed at the entrance, and the overall style is not overloaded with details.
Making a carved porch is a complex option that requires a lot of effort to build it. Such a porch is massive and has a large platform. For its decoration, only wood is used, which is decorated with carvings in the form of drawings and patterns. Such a porch can be given special sophistication with the help of fresh flowers and carved railings.