No wonder the terrace country house become the center of life in warm time years: it allows you to be in nature almost 24 hours a day, but in comfortable and well-maintained conditions. It is able to perform several functions at the same time - to serve as a living room for receiving friends, a dining area, a place of rest and a large impromptu playground. Every member of the family will find a place for a comfortable pastime there.
Wooden terrace
Wooden terrace, what are and their differences
Erroneously, the construction of a veranda and a terrace is attributed to the same type of work, although there are fundamental differences between these two structures, as well as a lot in common.
The first building is necessarily an integral part of the main building with which it is built (as a rule) on a common foundation and can be closed or open.
The second structure is separate, even if it is adjacent to the house: it has a separate independent base.
How to make a terrace to the house with your own hands, a detailed photo report:
Lumber for the terrace was dry (6%). Many elements were made independently.
classic terrace
A classic terrace is a platform equipped with a deck, which may have a lightweight roof to protect it from summer rain. It is located in the vicinity of the house or adjoining it, it can be located directly on the ground (hence the origin of its name: the Latin word "terra" - "earth") or on some elevation.
But since there is nothing permanent in the world, this structure has also changed, which is increasingly acquiring roofs and walls, and even windows and a door. Such a modern structure becomes an integral part of the design of the space near the home pool or artificial pond, is erected as a separate building and equipped as summer cuisine or a picnic area with a stationary barbecue, oven, stove.
Picnic Terrace
It is also actively used in winter: comfort and warmth in it can be provided, for example, infrared heaters. Therefore, the line between these two structures, intended for summer pastime in nature, is gradually blurred and they can actually be distinguished only by the type of foundation.
Terrace with unusual lamps
If, nevertheless, it is decided that we are building a terrace, then we should decide on its future appearance. In addition, one hundred they can be attached to the house or freestanding, they can be divided into three types according to design. Fully open are mostly freestanding, although for houses built in modern styles, for example, high-tech, they are a completely organic addition. Their decoration is as concise as possible, but elegant.
Terrace with open roof
Open with a roof - the most popular type. The roof can be made from roofing material and wood, or be a light canopy made of awning or polycarbonate, and serves to protect against the scorching sun and precipitation. Protection from the wind can be used in the form of shrub plantings or plants for vertical gardening. External fences are not provided, except for a light fence in the form of wooden railings or forging.
Terrace closed, winter
Closed - all-season option. As melted, it has full equipment for a comfortable stay at any time of the year. But blank walls are usually absent - instead of them, large window openings are installed, letting a large amount of light into the room. There is only one exception - the wall of the house to which it is attached. The roof can be any, even insulated, but the most popular are translucent structures or, at least, the installation of a lantern in the center of the roof, which allows maximum use of daylight.
The construction of the terrace can be done on one level or two - in this case, more opportunities are provided for zoning and space organization.
Design rules and terms for the construction of the terrace
You can think about how to build a terrace both at the stage of designing a house and after, realizing that without it on the site, country life is not complete. The need for it may also appear in the process of increasing the family: in this case, it becomes an ideal place for meetings.
Therefore, its construction can be carried out at any stage of the construction or operation of the house, especially if you choose such material as wood for this. In this case, its construction will not create any particular inconvenience in life and will not stretch out in time: having started construction, for example, in March or April, it is quite possible to have time to complete it by the beginning of the summer season.
Despite the fact that the structure being erected is lightweight, it is required to be entered in the building passport and to obtain permits for its construction, as for a capital structure. But it is imperative that before submitting it is necessary to decide on the terminology, that is, with the fact: the construction of a veranda with your own hands or, after all, a terrace will be carried out.
Summer extension to the house, veranda
A summer extension made of wood can be built not only to a house built from the same material. It will also become an organic addition to a stone or brick building. The main thing is to maintain the overall architectural style in the design and the terrace being built with your own hands should succinctly fit into the surrounding landscape design. The presence of green spaces: trees or shrubs will not become an obstacle to the realization of the idea: the former can be harmoniously introduced directly into the building itself, and the latter can become a beautiful perimeter frame, especially if a railing or other type of fencing is not planned.
When designing, it is desirable to take into account several of the following provisions:
- the site should be located on the south or south-west side of the building, but preferably near the entrance to the house or with the possibility of accessing it from the kitchen or living room;
- for southern hot regions, the location may be on the north side of the building, but only if it is planned to be used in the warm season;
- if the presence of a roof is not expected, then the floor should have a slight (up to 3 °) slope in the opposite direction from the house;
- the roof should have a projection of 30-50 cm so that raindrops do not fall into the open structure.
What else needs to be considered before starting work
Before you build a terrace to the house, you need to accurately measure how much area can be taken under it. The width should not be less than 2-2.5 m, as this is simply inconvenient - there is not enough space to accommodate a dining table and other interior items, and the semantic and functional purpose of this room is violated. And if it is planned to erect at some elevation from the ground, then it is imperative to provide for the installation of protective railings, which will perform the function of active safety when using an open area.
The most rational operation of the structure of the correct shape: square or rectangular. In addition, building a veranda with your own hands or making a portable summer terrace is easier and less expensive, since during construction, if the calculations are made correctly, there will not be much lumber waste. But not always rectilinear forms are able to organically integrate into the existing environment, therefore, when choosing the configuration and style of the structure, this must be taken into account.
Material number 1 for construction
Terrace board
If we build a terrace with our own hands, then we will have to deal with the choice of materials for its construction on our own. It is also necessary to calculate their number, which is determined by the area and other dimensions, the equipment of the future structure.
The ideal material for such a structure is wood, the products from which fully retain all the advantages, but do not lose their shortcomings. Therefore, before a do-it-yourself veranda for the house or a summer open area on the site begins to be erected, it is necessary to carry out the mandatory treatment of lumber with antiseptic and water-repellent agents and fire retardants. Further decorative trim paints, varnishes, stains and other means can only be done after that.
Wood could be an ideal material for such a construction, but its fragility does not allow this. But real natural beauty, with proper care, can please the owners for several decades. For construction, it is better to use hardwoods, which are distinguished by a beautiful warm pattern, or larch and cedar. Pine, due to its resinous and loose structure, is less preferred, especially for the manufacture of logs and flooring.
Ideal material for summer outdoor areas
Composite decking
For building a terrace with your own hands, artificial material made on the basis of a wood-polymer composite is more preferable, especially if the building is open, including when exposed to moisture and the sun. The terrace board or decking made from it has the advantages of wood, but is devoid of its disadvantages. In addition, products made of wood-polymer composite can be purchased not only for flooring, but also for arranging a log (beam) or finishing (various decorative elements).
Despite the fact that the cost of such material is higher than the average price of wood, it is quite justified to use it to build a terrace with your own hands. In this case, finishing costs are reduced - it does not require painting, processing, the material is durable, does not require special complex care to maintain a presentable appearance, and most importantly, it is easy to work with it, and use a special tool for installation.
Kreg Deck Jig Assembly Tool
It will be much faster and more accurate to build a veranda with your own hands, as well as laying the floor of a summer open area, if you purchase a special tool for laying a terrace board - a Kreg Deck Jig installation tool with which the assembly will not take much time, even if it is performed by a beginner.
The tool is made of durable composite material with additional fiberglass reinforcement. His design features allow fastening even in hard-to-reach places. To increase the durability of the structures being erected, it is recommended to use the hardware of this manufacturer, which has a durable anti-corrosion coating and is equipped with a cap of a special shape that prevents splitting of the material during twisting. Ease of use is added by the presence of a retaining ring, which provides drilling and screwing to a pre-adjusted depth.
Construction stages
Before you build a terrace with your own hands, you need to prepare its project, draw a sketch, according to which determine the total amount of work to be done, depending on the type of future construction. But for all types, it is mandatory to install a lightweight foundation or foundation, laying flooring. For closed or roofed structures, the roof is installed and additional protective and decorative elements are installed: railings, window structures, and others.
In the case when a terrace is attached to the house with your own hands, it can be erected on a pre-prepared base, but if it is missing, you will need to make it. But it is important that the foundation for this easy extension in this case be independent.
Choosing the type of foundation for the terrace
You can opt for a columnar foundation, since it does not require the involvement of special equipment, it can be done independently, and the amount of earthwork is small. Suitable for erecting a terrace and piles, which can also be mounted manually but you need the help of a friend.
It is quite possible to make a shallow strip base or use metal or concrete supports, but their installation involves the use of special equipment for driving into the ground. Similarly, it is possible to carry out work on the construction of the foundation and for the construction of a terrace with your own hands on a separate site, but in this case it is possible to provide for the possibility of manufacturing concrete base, especially for an object located near the pool.
If the question arises of how to make a terrace right on the ground, then you can limit yourself to a smaller amount of work. First, the construction site is cleared, the top layer of soil is removed from it, gravel or crushed stone is dumped (possibly with sand), and for greater strength, a thin screed is poured on top. For the installation of decking, laying directly on the ground is also allowed, but in this case, such a structure can be considered temporary, since its service life is limited, even if the wood is treated accordingly.
Installing a log for flooring
Summer recreation areas or do-it-yourself verandas attached to the house must have a reliable connection with the latter. And this role is assigned to the lags, which are laid on a base or a pre-prepared grillage and inserted into the prepared holes in the volume wall. Thus, a kind of strapping is obtained, which should be fixed with the help of anchor bolts. For free-standing structures, the logs should also be laid and fixed to the base and to each other using metal corners.
Be sure to check the quality of processing wooden beam antiseptic, hydrophobic and fire-resistant impregnations, while paying special attention to the end parts. After laying the log, and if it is planned to install a fence or a frame for a closed building, proceed to the installation of these elements. If the building is being built outdoor terrace with your own hands, then the next step is laying the floorboards.
Making a terrace frame
In order to make the terrace closed, you will need to prepare a frame for its future walls. It can be made from both wooden beams and metal racks. The first option is more preferable, since it loads the structure less, in addition, it does not require the involvement of a specialist for welding. Installation begins with the installation of vertical racks, which must have a dressing in the lower and upper parts. If the structure is attached to wooden house, then for fastening, you can use bolted connections or self-tapping screws.
Ligation with a brick or stone building will require more effort: first, anchor fasteners must be mounted, and then ligation should be done with them.
After the installation of the frame, the construction of the terrace continues with the installation of fences, window structures and other elements provided for by the project. But if you need to figure out how to make a veranda with your own hands, then the general procedure is similar, but after installing the frame, you need to install the window sills to the planned height from the floor and start covering the walls. To do this, you can use wood products, for example, lining or other materials, including thermal insulation, if you plan to actively use the premises in winter.
Terrace roof
The question of how to make a do-it-yourself terrace with a roof can be solved in several ways. For outdoor areas, it is enough to provide places for attaching umbrellas that protect from the scorching sun. Closed objects will require a device of a special design, the simplest of which is a lightweight metal or wooden frame for stretching the awning. In this case, the roof can be either fixed or removable.
In order to equip a more durable and solid roof, it will be necessary to manufacture a frame, on which floor beams are subsequently attached, the cross section of which must be sufficient to withstand the selected roofing.
In the event that an attached open terrace is being built with your own hands, the photo of which conveys the airiness of such a design, the procedure will be as follows: a beam is attached to the wall for the length of the platform, and a second one is installed parallel to it from the outside on the racks. The first beam is attached to the wall with anchor bolts, and the outer ones are fixed to the supports using metal corners and self-tapping screws. Beams are installed on the timber, acting as rafters, and then a crate is mounted on them.
After that, you can proceed with the installation of roofing material, the choice of which is not limited, but several conditions will need to be taken into account. It is not recommended to use heavy roofing products, as they create a serious load on a lightweight structure. Be sure to take into account the architectural style of the house and the environment in order to prevent dissonance between them.
Polycarbonate terrace
For shaded places, you can choose translucent materials, the most attractive of which is polycarbonate, presented in different color solutions, which is lightweight, easy to install and inexpensive.
It is not forbidden to install glass structures, but their cost is high, especially if the construction area is large. In addition, they create a solid additional load on the bearing elements and have limited strength.
This is an extension to the house that allows you to admire nature, while at the same time being in the comfort of home. It can be made of brick or wood, and we offer you the most elegant and least time-consuming option - a veranda made of.
Location
First of all, it is necessary to develop a construction project, and for this you need to clearly understand why you need it, what kind of veranda you want, what kind of view you will observe from it. The veranda can be used as a hall, dining room, children's playroom, make it winter Garden, living room.
- on the corner;
- from the end;
- from the front of the house.
If making another doorway is not a problem for you, keep in mind that a good place for the veranda will be from the western or eastern wall of the house, then it will be well lit and at the same time will be protected from summer heat. Some even build a wraparound veranda around the perimeter of the entire house. Important! Do not place the entrance to the veranda opposite the entrance to the house-because of this, there will always be a draft on the veranda.
Next, you need to decide on the size. Verandas look good along the entire length of the wall of the house, but you can build smaller ones. But it’s not worth building verandas protruding beyond the length of the wall of the house - they look too heavy.
The most common shape for such an extension is rectangular, but it can also be in the form of a polygon or circle. 
The veranda can be open (without walls) and closed. If you put sliding panels, then the closed building will easily turn into an open one if necessary.
List of materials and tools
To build a veranda, you will need the following tools:
- bucket;
- concrete mixer or tub;
- hammer;
- hacksaw;
- level and water level;
- cord to align the posts;
- screwdriver;
- drill;
- drill of the appropriate diameter;
- perforator;
- electric saw;
- electric planer;
- jigsaw;
- roulette;
- pencil;
- square.
You will also need the following materials:
- concrete (cement, sand, crushed stone or gravel);
- brick, metal posts or bars;
- boards and nails for formwork;
- water;
- waterproofing on the foundation;
- bars 100x100 mm;
- floor board 30x100 mm;
- aluminum or polycarbonate profile;
- self-tapping screws and special self-tapping screws for polycarbonate;
- nails 100 mm, nails with a small head;
- staples;
- metal corners;
- anchor bolts;
- dowel;
- rails 30 mm;
- wooden lining;
- plinth;
- vapor barrier;
- aluminum adhesive tape;
- insulation.
The veranda differs from the terrace by the presence
If you attach a do-it-yourself porch made of polycarbonate, then since this is a fairly light material, the foundation can be poured using the columnar method. However, the final choice of the method of pouring the foundation depends on the condition of the soil (frozen, swampy).
If you want a small extension, then the number of posts will be 4 pieces (1 in each corner). If you conceived a large veranda, the columns must be set every 50 cm. 
Step-by-step instruction for pouring the foundation of the veranda with your own hands is as follows:
- Dismantle the porch and the canopy above it.
- Collect all trash.
- Remove the top layer of earth (15 cm).
- Mark the places for the columns.
- Dig holes under the posts with a depth equal to the depth of the foundation of the house.
- Pour 10 cm of sand at the bottom of the pit, and 10 cm of crushed stone or gravel on top of it.
- From wooden boards build formwork of the appropriate height.
- Pour concrete to ground level or to the entire required height of the foundation.
- If you chose asbestos, metal or wooden posts, then before pouring concrete, you need to insert these posts, covering them with solutions to protect metal or wood.
- Allow the concrete to dry well, periodically watering it with water if the weather is hot outside.
- Take out the formwork.
- Fill the distance between the concrete and the ground with sand or fine gravel.
- If you chose brick columns, then lay out the brick to the required height.
- Align the height of all columns, taking into account the fact that the floors in the house should be 30 cm higher than in the extension, otherwise its roof will not fit under the roof of the house (relevant for one-story mansions).
frame
We will consider the process of mounting the frame for the veranda with our own hands step by step:
- Carry out waterproofing of the foundation with the help of roofing material or bitumen, spreading it over the entire foundation.
- Insert into the anchor posts, having previously drilled a hole.
- Mark the first outside corner of the veranda by driving in a nail.
- Starting from the first nail, outline all 4 corners of the building, carefully measuring the right angle (90 °).
- Perform the lower trim (first layer), laying out the prepared bars 100x100 mm and joining them at the corners in the “half-tree” way (when half the bar is cut down at the ends of the two bars using an electric planer). If the bars are not connected at the corner, the bars can simply be joined to each other.
- Between the bars it is better to lay a heater.
- Fasten the connections with metal corners or staples.
- Check with the help of a water level how evenly the strapping is done.
- Check with a square to see if the corners are warped.
- Fasten the strapping to the foundation with anchor bolts.
- Again, check with a water level and square to see if the strapping is warped.
- Cut holes for racks. The optimal distance is 50 cm, you need to consider the placement of windows and doors.
- Install the racks by attaching them to the bottom trim with brackets. Racks must be cut strictly vertically, this is easy to check with a level.
- Before installing the upper trim, so that the racks do not warp, install temporary spacers - they nail the rails between the racks.
- In the bars for the upper trim, cut holes for the racks.
- Using staples, attach the top trim to the uprights.
- Remove spacers.
Roof
The roof of the veranda can be:
- lean-to if the extension is attached to the house with a wide part;
- gable when the veranda is attached perpendicular to the house.
In order to cover the veranda, you must follow the following procedure:
- Make markings with a level and drill holes for anchors in the timber and wall of the house.
- Attach the beam to the wall with anchor bolts.
- Make grooves for the rafters in the timber and in the upper harness.
- Install the rafters in the “half-tree” way from the wall to the upper trim so that they protrude beyond the trim (otherwise the rain will flow right down the walls of the veranda). The distance between the centers of the rafters is maintained at 101 cm. The angle between the rafters and the wall, between the rafters and the top trim must be straight.
- Attach the rafters with metal staples, corners, nails.
- Make a frame using aluminum or polycarbonate profiles, screwing it to the rafters with self-tapping screws.
- Attach polycarbonate sheets with screws or fixing profiles.
Important! In order for water to drain, the timber should be placed above the upper trim of the frame, making an angle of about 40° , but not less than 25° .
If the roof for the veranda is conceived in the form of an arch, aluminum or polycarbonate profiles can be used instead of wooden beams. Despite the fact that polycarbonate is a fairly convenient material for work, some nuances must be observed during its installation:
- Do not remove the protective film until the end of installation, so as not to deform.
- If used aluminum profile, then the edges of the polycarbonate must be sealed with a special aluminum adhesive tape.
- Self-tapping screws must be specially designed to work with polycarbonate, they have a special gasket that does not allow the material to deform.
- The grooves for self-tapping screws must be drilled a little wider, since polycarbonate can narrow or expand with temperature changes.
- For the same reason, you can not screw the self-tapping screw too tightly.
- Empty channels inside the polycarbonate should be parallel to the roof slope.
- For cutting sheets, it is better to use an electric jigsaw.
Important! Don't rush or take too long when cutting polycarbonate sheets-from the high speed of the jigsaw, they can melt, and from too low-burst.
Floors and walls
Floors are best made of wood, using special boards 30x100 mm. The laying of the floor occurs in this order:
- Soak the boards indoors for a day.
- Make markings using a water level and drill holes for anchors in the timber and wall of the house.
- Attach the beam to the wall of the house with anchors.
- Check with a water level that there are no distortions between the timber and the lower trim.
- Set the logs (base bars under the floor) perpendicular to how you will lay the floor boards, maintaining a distance of up to 1 m.
- Check the correct installation using a water level.
- Attach the logs using staples, corners, nails.
- Check the water level for distortion.
- Lay out the insulating layer.
- Install the floorboard, attaching it with self-tapping screws 2 times the width of the board.
- If necessary, the boards must be sanded.
- Treat the boards with special solutions.
- Cover with varnish or paint.
Did you know? To make the floor warmer, you can attach a subfloor before installing the lags, drill the logs to the subfloor, and lay insulation between the lags. A finishing floor is laid on top of the insulation.
You can also make a concrete floor and install tiles on it.
To build polycarbonate walls on the veranda with your own hands, follow this sequence:
- If desired, an aluminum or polycarbonate profile can be attached to the wooden racks.
- Prepare polycarbonate sheets, if necessary, cut with a jigsaw.
- Glue the edges of the sheets with a special aluminum tape.
- Starting from the left edge, attach the polycarbonate sheets to the posts with special screws so that the empty channels inside the sheet are perpendicular to the floor.
- Attach a special profile at the junction of the sheets.
Interior decoration of the veranda
To maintain harmony in the decoration, in combination with a wooden floor, it is better to decorate the wall of the house with wood. If the house is wooden, then additional finishing is not required, if not, boards or wooden lining can be used for finishing. The sequence of actions when laying the lining is as follows:
- Keep the lining for 1 day indoors.
- Drill holes for dowels.
- Using dowels, vertically install slats 30 mm wide every 1 m.
- Use a level to check for distortion.
- Attach the vapor barrier (polyethylene film, foil, roofing felt) to the rails with screws.
- Attach the horizontal rails to the vertical rails with self-tapping screws. The bottom rail should be 5 cm above the floor, and the top rail should be 5 cm below the top trim. At the same distance, it is necessary to place slats around windows and doors.
- Check the installation with a water level.
- Nail the first strip of lining with nails with a small hat to the rail. If you want to lay the lining perpendicular to the floor, then the first strip is nailed near the corner, if parallel, then at the top.
- Use a spirit level to check the setting.
- Next, nail the remaining strips, checking after each that there are no distortions.
- Complete the installation by installing the plinth.
Important! You need to nail the lining in the place where it begins connecting strip, further from the edge, driving in nails at an oblique angle.
Windows and doors
If the walls of the veranda are built of wood or brick, then you can insert windows from monolithic polycarbonate that will move apart. For this:
- At the top of the window, attach with screws a guide along which the window will move. Doors in wardrobes move along such guides.
- The guide can also be screwed at the bottom of the window, then the window fastening will be more rigid.
- Cut the polycarbonate sheet to the required dimensions.
- Attach special rollers to the sheet that will provide mobility.
- Insert the structure into the guides.
Did you know? Glass windows are only 20% more transparent than polycarbonate windows, but polycarbonate is 20 times stronger than glass.
Installed in the same way sliding doors from polycarbonate. Using the same technology, you can make a fully sliding wall by screwing the guide to the top trim.
Depending on the type of guide, windows and doors can open in one direction, in both directions, or fold like an accordion.
Having built a polycarbonate veranda with your own hands, you will not only give a more noble look to your home, but you will also be able to enjoy the sunrise or sunset, drops of falling rain, landscapes, with a cup of coffee or tea in your hand, without suffering from unpleasant weather moments and saving on payment labor of workers.
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There are many options for organizing a place to relax in a suburban area. The fastest and easiest way is to attach a wooden terrace to the house. This simple structure allows you to comfortably enjoy fresh air and sunbathing. And if you make a closed-type terrace that will reliably protect from wind, dust and precipitation, then you can relax in any weather.
The practicality of such an extension was appreciated by many homeowners. With sufficient space on the terrace, the whole family will comfortably accommodate the guests, and if you install a barbecue or barbecue, the recreation area turns into a convenient place for cooking and eating. In a word, the possibilities are endless!
Thematic material:
The best option for beginner builders would be an open summer terrace adjacent to the house. To build such a structure correctly, you need to understand all the stages - from drawing up a detailed project to carrying out finishing and decorative work. Where to start?
Terrace design features
A place to relax on a suburban area can be designed in the form of a free-standing gazebo, a closed veranda at the entrance to the house or an open terrace.
The latter option has a number of features that distinguish it from other buildings:
Where to build a terrace
The place for the construction of an open area is chosen taking into account:
- which side of the house is illuminated by the sun;
- view from the terrace;
- soil features - the nature of the soil affects the choice of foundation;
- the landscape of the site - the building should organically fit into the overall design of the courtyard and be in harmony with the style of the house.
Often an open area is located near a pool or natural reservoir. The shape of the structure can be different: rectangular, round, asymmetric, curved.
Multi-level terraces are interesting, eliminating the need to make separate steps and providing an effective drain.
The building can be placed:
- next to one of the walls of the building on a common foundation;
- around the whole house;
- separately from the dwelling - in this case, the terrace resembles a gazebo.
Material selection
What is better to make a terrace? There are many options.
- Wood. The wooden structure is durable, reliable, provides maximum comfort and a homely atmosphere. Construction will be the most economical and least labor-intensive.
- Stone, concrete, brick. It is more difficult to work with these materials, they cost more and do not allow to realize some of the design ideas.
- Metal. Beautiful railings and construction posts are made of steel or cast iron. But this option is costly from a financial point of view. Also, not everyone can work with metal on their own - you need to at least own welding machine. In addition, rest on such a terrace will be less comfortable, as the steel heats up a lot in the sun.
- Wood-polymer composite, or WPC. This raw material is the cheapest and easiest to process. Thanks to the coating pvc material it is not necessary to protect it from decay with impregnations, like elements of a wooden structure. Externally, the WPC is attractive - it resembles the texture of natural wood.
When building a terrace, it is not necessary to use new materials; you can also make a recreation area from the remains after building a house. The main thing is that boards, concrete blocks for the foundation and other elements have no defects and are treated with special impregnations that protect against moisture and temperature changes. Only in this case, the design will be strong and durable.
Drafting
Before, it is important to understand all the details of design design. A properly drawn up and approved construction plan is a guarantee of the quality and legality of the construction.
What should be in the project?
The drawing shows the following specifications designs:
- area with exact dimensions;
- materials used;
- weight of the structure;
- type of foundation.
When drawing up a project, it is important to take into account the features of the place chosen for placing the terrace: the type and structure of the soil, the technical condition of the wall and foundation of the house, and climatic factors.
Users often search:
Since it is quite difficult to make a terrace drawing on your own, best solution will be an appeal to a specialized design organization. Professional engineers will draw up a construction plan taking into account building codes and the wishes of the customer.
Project approval
Even though the house is the property of the owner land plot, design changes living quarters must be agreed and approved:
- fire safety service;
- bodies of sanitary and epidemiological control;
- local administration.
Without a complete package of documents, the building will be considered a self-construction, which will not allow selling, donating, exchanging the house in the future, or using the property as a loan collateral.
Stages of construction of an open terrace
An extension to the house of a recreation area is carried out in several steps:
The last step can be omitted, but additional elements will make the design original and functional.
A strip or column base is suitable for a terrace. However, builders often resort to a simpler option - using a curb stone for the foundation. In this case, the work is as follows:
- With the help of reinforcement or wooden pegs, the boundaries of the future building are marked. For the convenience of further work, a twine is pulled around the perimeter.
- Temporary supports made of bricks about 40 cm high are installed in the corners.
- Logs are laid from above at an angle to the house of about 2 ° (this will ensure a good runoff of precipitation). For alignment use the building level.
- A string is pulled along the top of the lag, the lags are removed.
- Instead of temporary supports, columns are made of concrete.
- Between the racks, trenches are dug under the curb stone and poured with concrete.
- Install stones.
- When the mixture hardens, the gaps between the foundation elements are covered with expanded clay for thermal insulation.
If the structure is new, the foundations of the house and the terrace should not be rigidly connected - the shrinkage of the building will lead to the destruction of the extension. If the house has been standing for a long time, the foundations are combined with metal fasteners.
Wooden deck construction
Step-by-step instructions for installing a floor for a terrace:
- Logs are installed on the foundation.
- Mark the places for attaching the beam.
- The crossbars are fixed with metal corners.
- Mount boards. Before this, the tree is carefully treated with impregnations from decay, bacteria and fungus. Small gaps are left between the boards for ventilation and temperature deformations.
- The edges of the flooring are hewn for greater aesthetics.
- The surface is varnished or painted.
It is advisable to use larch, as it is rich in natural resins and is ideal for outdoor buildings.
If the terrace-deck seems too simple, the structure can be supplemented with auxiliary elements, such as a roof.
There are several roofing options for the terrace:
- the structure adjacent to the house - is laid on the rafters made of wooden beams, attached to the upper harness on vertical racks;
- polycarbonate roof;
- construction of transparent slate;
- removable canopy in the form of a stretched awning.
However, you don’t have to bother with the construction of the roof - simple umbrellas will perfectly protect from the sun. However, in this case, furniture and decor will have to be removed every time heavy rainfall begins.
Terrace decoration
Decorative elements are striking in variety. For example, in an open area for recreation, wooden fences are installed, consisting of three parts: racks, railings and balusters. These elements are attached to the supports on which the roof rests, or to their own vertical beams.
As an alternative to wooden fencing, light fabric tulle is used, which creates a feeling of airiness, decorates the terrace and protects from sunlight.
Mandatory elements of the recreation area are tables, chairs, sun loungers and other furniture. Additionally, you can decorate the room with potted plants or hedges around the perimeter of the structure.
Thus, the construction of the terrace - the best option for the beginner. It is not difficult to build an open area with your own hands - you just need to carefully follow the recommendations and follow the work technology.
The veranda allows you to profitably expand usable space residential building. In a properly erected and well-equipped extension, you can comfortably spend time both in the warm and in the cold season.
The extension is best erected so that it closes front door to the main house. Therefore, you will not be able to build a veranda from any desired side of the already finished main building. Otherwise, the veranda will be torn off from the main building and you will have to enter it through the street.
Extension dimensions are selected individually. For a family of 3-6 people, a 3x4 m veranda is enough. It is also important to take into account the general view from the street. For example, if you live in a large two- or even three-story house, and the veranda is very small, the overall architectural ensemble will turn out to be inharmonious. For compact houses, you can safely attach verandas the width of the entire wall of the main building - it looks great.
Important note! Regardless of the chosen size and, in general, the features of the extension, its construction must first be legalized. To do this, you must have a project in hand. You can find it in open sources or order it from a specialized company.
WITH finished project go to your local architectural department. Employees of the department will study your project, make the necessary changes and issue a permit. Keep in mind that it takes about 2-3 months on average to review and approve a project, so it is best to deal with this issue in the winter, before the start of the construction season.
Construction site marking
We are starting to prepare our construction site.
First step. We remove about 150 mm of the top layer of soil around the perimeter of the future building and take it to flower beds, a garden or another place.
Second step. Align the resulting recess.
Third step. We do markup. First, focusing on the project, we drive in metal or wooden pins at the corners of the site, then in the same way we drive in intermediate pegs every 1-1.5 m, and then we pull the rope between the pins. We will be guided by it in the process of arranging the foundation.
We make the foundation
Most often, verandas are built on the bases of a columnar or tape type. The depth of the support is taken equal to the depth of the foundation of the main house. It is strongly not recommended to connect the main support with the foundation of the extension, because. these designs will have widely varying weights. Therefore, the degree of their shrinkage will also vary. To prevent a heavy house from pulling a relatively light extension, the latter must be erected on a separate foundation. To do this, leave between the foundations of approximately 3-4 cm gap.
Important point! When choosing the type of foundation, consider, first of all, the characteristics of the soil in your area and the total mass of the veranda. For the construction of heavy structures on heaving soils best suited monolithic. Lightweight structures, for example, made of wood, can be built on columnar supports.
Tape base
The tape type foundation is optimally suited for the further construction of a veranda on it from building blocks or bricks. The thickness of the base, as already noted, is maintained equal to the thickness of the foundation of the house. If this is a new building, we keep the thickness at the level of 70-80 cm.
First step. We dig a trench along the perimeter of the walls of the extension.
Second step. We level the bottom and walls of the trench, from wooden boards or shields, according to the height of the future concrete support.
Third step. We successively fill the bottom of the trench with a 10-cm layer of sand and the same layer of gravel with the obligatory tamping of each ball of backfill.
Fourth step. We lay the reinforcing mesh of 10-12 mm bars. The recommended mesh size is 10x10 cm. So the base will be as strong as possible.
Fifth step. We pour concrete prepared from a portion of cement, three portions of sand, 4-5 portions of gravel and water.
Carefully level the fill and leave it to dry and gain strength for 3-4 weeks. In the heat, we pour concrete every day to prevent it from cracking.
columnar base
Perfect for a veranda made of timber or polycarbonate. Pits for poles are recommended to be made with a depth of 80-110 cm. If the veranda is small (up to about 3x4 m), it will be enough to install supports in the corners. However, professional builders recommend installing intermediate racks for any size of the veranda. We maintain the distance between the supports within 0.8-1 m.
First step. We dig holes in the places of future pouring of the pillars. The best way to do this is with a drill.
Second step. We fill the bottom of each recess with a 15-20 cm layer of sand. Additionally, it is recommended to pour about 10 cm of gravel. We compact each layer.
Third step. Pour the concrete to the ground level and let it harden.
Fourth step. Finished concrete supports are coated with bitumen.
Fifth step. We fill the cracks between the ground and the supports with sand.
Sixth step. We erect the above-ground part of the brick pillars. We make the height equal to the height of the foundation of the main house.
Making a subfloor
The floor can be wood or concrete. For example, in framed veranda from a wooden beam, a wooden floor would be more appropriate. Concrete pouring will best fit into an extension made of bricks.
We do the wooden draft floor like this:
- we fix the beam of the lower trim on the foundation. We use suitable fasteners, for example, anchors. To connect the beams directly, we first make samples at their joints and additionally fasten them with galvanized nails;
- we attach wooden logs to the bottom trim. We maintain the step at the level of 50 cm - so the floor will definitely not fail. We use the connection option described above;
- we fill the space between the lags with expanded clay;
- we make flooring from unedged boards or plywood with a thickness of about 50 mm. We fasten the flooring elements to the logs with galvanized nails or self-tapping screws.
We do the concrete screed like this:
- we fill the base with a 10-centimeter layer of sand;
- pour a layer on top;
- laying reinforcing mesh. For the floor of the veranda, a grid of bars with a diameter of 6-8 mm with cells of 25x25 cm is enough;
- pour concrete.
Important! The screed should be as even as possible. We carry out the work with the obligatory use of the level.
We build a wooden veranda
Basic material properties
Wood is one of the most popular and ancient building materials. Even after the appearance on the market of all kinds of blocks and other budget and easy-to-arrange elements, wood practically did not lose ground.
With the construction of a simple frame wooden veranda, almost everyone can handle it. It is only necessary to properly mount the frame racks and sew them up with shields, clapboard or other suitable material.
The indisputable advantage of wood is its environmental friendliness, beautiful appearance and relatively light weight. The latter property allows you to abandon the arrangement of expensive and difficult to build foundations.
The main disadvantage of a wooden veranda is its fire hazard - installing a brazier in such an extension or in its immediate vicinity is a very important undertaking that requires taking into account many nuances and trifles. Therefore, it is better to take the source of fire somewhere far away from the wooden veranda.
Another significant drawback of wood is its poor tolerance to high humidity, which is why the material needs serious pre-treatment with special ones. Without such preparation, the wood will rot very quickly.
Construction order
For the construction of the frame, we use a high quality wooden beam with a section of 100x100 mm. We already have the lower trim and the subfloor, so we continue to work following the instructions below.
First step. We cut grooves in the beam of the lower strapping for the installation of vertical supports. We maintain a half-meter step.
Second step. We install vertical racks. To fasten the frame elements, we use staples and screws or nails.
Important! The roof of our veranda, as noted, will be sloping. Therefore, the vertical beam, installed at the bottom of the slope, is made 50 cm below the opposite racks.
Third step. We mount the beam of the upper trim. On higher racks, no questions will arise - we perform the connections in the same way as in the previous stages.
When installing the strapping of lower supports, we do the following: first we connect the posts longitudinally with a strapping beam, and then we fix the transverse crossbars connecting the high and low racks at the height of the low racks. We fasten the crossbars with high racks using pre-created samples and nails.
Fourth step. The top harness is ready. The resulting slope will allow us to lay the rafters for the roof. Additionally, we nail a beam-run near roof slope. To fasten the beam with all supports, we use anchor bolts. For greater reliability, it is recommended to fasten the strapping beam with transverse boards or beams, if possible and necessary (we focus on the weight of the future roofing material). We will attach racks and struts to them for greater strength. truss system.
Fifth step. We mount in increments of 50 cm. To do this, we use a wooden bar with a section of 100x200 mm. We perform the connection of structural elements by any of the previously discussed methods.
Sixth step. We sew the frame. Lining is perfect for interior cladding, siding or other material is perfect for exterior. Between the materials of the outer and inner skin we lay layers of hydro- and thermal insulation. We attach the film to the frame. The position of the insulation is fixed by transverse rails. The finishing material is also attached to them. When sheathing, do not forget to leave openings for windows and doors.
Prices for various types of timber
brick verandas
Basic information about building material
Brick is great for building capital verandas. In a building made of this material, it will be cool in summer and, if properly insulated, warm in winter. Brickwork durable, fireproof and unpretentious in care.
The main disadvantage of a brick building is a lot of weight. Such structures are built exclusively on what is not in the best way affects the total cost of construction.
The order of the construction of the veranda
The foundation is ready and waterproofed, the screed is poured, the base is even and does not require any additional preparatory measures. Let's start laying out the walls.
We first select the appropriate type of masonry. Most simple options, perfect for self erection verandas are as follows:
- spoon masonry. The final wall thickness will be 120 mm;
- poke masonry. Wall thickness - 250 mm;
- chain laying. Allows you to get walls with a thickness of 380 mm.
First step. We attach a mooring cord at two opposite ends of the foundation with a coupler. It should run along the edge of the base.
Second step. We expose the corner bricks along the cord, and then fill the space between them in accordance with the chosen masonry method. To fasten building elements, we use a standard cement mortar.
Third step. We check the evenness of the first row and similarly lay out the walls to the desired height, not forgetting to leave openings for doors and windows.
Important! will be inclined, therefore, the wall falling on the bottom of the slope, as well as the side walls adjacent to it, are made a row lower compared to the wall supporting the top of the roof.
Having laid out the last row of walls, we equip the armored belt. To do this, we fix a formwork about 70 mm high on each wall on the upper surface of the walls, put anchor bolts in the corners, lay reinforcing bars and pour concrete.
We let the concrete harden, and then we attach a strapping of a wooden beam with a section of 10x10 cm to the anchor bolts. The further procedure for arranging the truss system remains similar to the situation with
If the veranda is planned to be used throughout the year, the walls can be laid in two rows, filling the gap between the rows with heat-insulating material. With a single laying, insulation, moisture insulation and interior decoration we perform by analogy with a wooden veranda. The exterior finish is up to you. You can simply gently embroider the seams and finish it.
| Masonry size | Length, L | Width, V | Height, H | Number of bricks thickness not included mortar joint, PC. | Number of bricks taking into account the thickness mortar joint 10 mm, PC. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 m3 single brick laying | 250 | 120 | 65 | 512 | 394 |
| 1 m3 thickened brickwork | 250 | 120 | 88 | 378 | 302 |
| 250 | 120 | 65 | 61 | 51 | |
| 1 sq. m of masonry in half a brick (masonry thickness 120 mm) | 250 | 120 | 88 | 45 | 39 |
| 1 sq. m of masonry in one brick (masonry thickness 250 mm) | 250 | 120 | 65 | 128 | 102 |
| 250 | 120 | 65 | 189 | 153 | |
| 1 sq. m of masonry in one and a half bricks (masonry thickness 380 mm) | 250 | 120 | 88 | 140 | 117 |
| 250 | 120 | 65 | 256 | 204 | |
| 1 sq. m of laying in two bricks (masonry thickness 510 mm) | 250 | 120 | 88 | 190 | 156 |
| | 250 | 250 | 65 | 317 | 255 |
| 1 sq. m of masonry in two and a half bricks (masonry thickness 640 mm) | 250 | 250 | 88 | 235 | 195 |
Prices for building and facing bricks
Building and facing bricks
We make the roof of the veranda
And the rafters have been installed. It remains to make the crate, mount the insulating layers and lay the finishing roofing material.
The crate can be continuous (for roll materials) and sparse (for sheet roofing). We make a continuous crate from OSB boards. To do this, we attach them to the rafters with a 1-centimeter gap. We fasten the bars of the sparse lathing with a step recommended by the manufacturer of the selected roofing material. On average, it is 30-35 cm. To attach the battens to the rafters, we use galvanized nails or self-tapping screws.
The cells between the bars of the crate are filled with mineral wool for thermal insulation. We lay a waterproofing film on top and attach it to the crate using a stapler with staples. In the case of arranging a continuous crate, we fix the thermal insulation from the inside of the room. We fix the insulation plates with the help of transverse rails, nailing them to the crate.
In conclusion, it remains to mount. It is better that it matches the roof covering of the main house. Otherwise, we focus on our preferences and available budget.
Finishing the floor
If the draft floor is wooden, we put a heater in the space between them and stuff the flooring from edged boards. Boards are painted and varnished.
over concrete screed you can also equip the boardwalk, similar to the previous method, or lay another material of your choice, such as linoleum.
At the end, the doors remain, furnish at your discretion and connect lighting if necessary. We will not pull the wire. It is enough to take the extension cord out of the house and turn on the necessary lighting fixtures.
Successful work!
Video - Do-it-yourself veranda
There is no better material for building a home terrace than high-quality and properly processed wood. A wooden terrace always turns out to be warm and very comfortable. In most cases, even relatively complex terrace structures are quite capable of being built with your own hands.
At proper care and annual processing wooden elements protective compounds The service life of the terrace area can exceed twenty years.
How to build a deck out of wood
The main elements of a wooden terrace are:
- An open, even and flat platform, raised above the ground to a height of 20-100 cm;
- Fencing, railings and stairs. For terraced areas with a height of no more than 20 cm, stairs and railings, as a rule, are not made, but for other types of terraces, railings and railings are a mandatory element of safety;
- Canopy, awning or canopy in the form of an awning. In the classic version, the wooden terrace had no canopies and a roof, except for an umbrella or an awning tent canopy. Today, a terraced building is not only equipped with a roof, but also glassed with polycarbonate, thereby bringing its device closer to the design of the veranda.
For your information! A wooden terrace can be attached to the wall of the house, like a veranda, or be framed as a separate building.
As a foundation for a terraced structure, an ordinary columnar or pile foundation is most often used.
For attached terraces, pillars made of red brick or rubble stone can be used.
When planning the structure of a building, a lot of factors have to be taken into account, for example, soil moisture and wind direction. Like any wooden building, the terrace "does not like" excess water on the ground, so it is even necessary to make additional drainage systems and cover the body and base of the terraced building with protective compounds.
The exception is a larch terrace. Softwood larch practically does not rot even in a humid environment, so it makes excellent piles and logs for tying the foundation.
In addition, the natural pattern and dark honey color of larch wood allows you to do without the use of coloring toners and varnishes.
Larch is perfect for the construction of the lower tier and the supporting frame of the terrace, but is not very suitable for finishing railings and floorboards. Dense and hard larch wood gives a large number of splinters and chips, so very careful finishing and polishing of floors and railings is required. If a children's corner is supposed to be on the terraced area made of wood, then it is better to make it from linden or aspen.
Typical arrangement of a wooden terrace
A wooden terrace on the territory of a private household can be arranged in several different ways:
- In the form of an attached platform to the house;
- As a remote or detached structure, remote from residential and commercial buildings.
Wood is the most convenient and affordable material among those used in home construction. Therefore, if there is no experience in building terraced buildings, you can start with the simplest options. The first such experience of hand-made construction can be a terrace made of pallets.
Wooden terrace - extension to the house
It is possible to build a wooden terrace using standard Euro pallets in one day. All you need is a saw, hammer and nails. The construction technology is very simple and even primitive. You will need to level the area in front of the house, fill it, tamp it down and lay out two rows of pallets closely.
Advice! To prevent the terrace from spreading under the weight of a person, fasten the pallets together with nails or self-tapping screws.
A more complex version of the terraced structure of pallets can be built on a gravel-filled site. In this case, the construction is carried out in two layers. The first layer of pallets is attached to the ground with stakes. As the second, only pallet frames are laid, without the upper crate. Part of the pallets must be disassembled onto a rail, from which the floor of a wooden terrace is stuffed in a checkerboard pattern, photo.
Terraces of a more complex scheme can be built for a small country house. In this case, the flooring is made in the form of a full-fledged floor, so the basis of the structure will be a wooden box, in the form of log beams, laid on an impromptu foundation made of rubble stone.
A real terraced structure can be built in the form of an attached platform made of wood, raised to the level of the entrance to the house. In this case, one edge of the base of the building is attached to the basement of the building, the opposite side is installed on a pile foundation.
Log beams are laid out on poles or piles tied with timber, and the floor of the site is laid. The overhangs of the roof of the house are used as a mount for a canopy that protects the territory of the wooden site from the sun and rain.
The advantages of such an approach are obvious. Firstly, in this case, a wooden terrace can be built from simple wood, slabs, and even from the remains of finishing material. Secondly, the use of the building box as a support system allows you to simplify the wooden structure and make it much more reliable with your own hands than remote circuits. Thirdly, the proximity of the house allows you to go out onto the wooden terrace almost barefoot, while using all the benefits of civilization available in the house.
Variants of the remote design of the terrace
The classic arrangement of the terrace involves the construction of a solid foundation of screw piles or blocks, to which the frame of the site is attached from a bar. Such a foundation design justifies the cost if the wooden terrace structure has a large area, several levels, stairs, railings and fencing. Such a terrace made of timber is not built in one day, but the quality of the construction is appropriate.
If the terraced base is built from larch, then it is possible to simplify and reduce the cost of construction by making the foundation supports from a hardwood beam, photo. Cross beams are easily attached to such a base, and strapping is performed. The construction period is reduced to two days, while for concrete supports - at least ten days.
The terrace area can be divided into two levels: a higher level for a table and chairs, and a lower level for children to relax and play. Part of the site can be glazed, part can be left under a canopy or in the open.
Highly raised terraces above ground level are very stylish. Often, instead of standard floorboards, the floor is sewn up with parquet tiles, and the site itself must be equipped with a fence.
A distinctive feature of remote wooden terraces is the use of wide steps instead of standard stairs, along which you can climb to the platform from almost anywhere in the yard.
With the help of a terraced building made of wood, you can completely transform the yard, hide the imperfections of the relief or the difference in the height of the soil.
Conclusion
Despite the fact that a wooden terrace is a relatively simple structure, certain types buildings require the participation of professional joiners and carpenters. Such works are not cheap, the order for a terraced area is completed within a few days, but the level of quality is an order of magnitude higher than what can be achieved when working with your own hands.