Drawings of an electrode boiler and self-assembly. Drawings of an electrode boiler and self-assembly Electrode boiler operating principle

An electrode (another name is ion) boiler is one of the heating variations. It is used primarily in country houses and differs in that, instead of the usual heating elements, it is equipped with a set of electrodes, which, in fact, heat the working fluid.This innovation made it possible to get rid of the disadvantages characteristic of electrical equipment – ​​low performance and short service life. Due to the simplicity of the design, you can makeDIY electrode boiler. But before you start assembling, you should familiarize yourself with the features of its operation.

Design features

From a structural point of view, such a boiler is a small all-metal pipe coated with polyamide (it acts as an insulator). The coolant input and output, as well as power terminals, are connected to the housing. A set of insulated electrodes is inserted into the pipe on one side, while the other is hermetically sealed.

Let's consider technical specifications factory models.

Based on the method of coolant supply, ion devices can be of two types:

Video - How the boiler works

About the advantages

About the disadvantages

But there are also disadvantages, including:

• inability to operate from emergency power systems;
• high requirements for coolant conductivity;
• the need for grounding due to the high risk of electric shock;
• the need for special knowledge to control the operation of the device.

We also note that the entry of air into the housing can lead to fairly rapid corrosion.

Manufacturing technology. Instructions

After becoming familiar with the structure of the boiler, you can try to make a similar device at home. This process is not as difficult as it may seem, but it requires utmost care and attention. Otherwise ready product may be unsafe.

Stage 1. Preparing everything you need

To work you will need the following equipment:

• electrodes;
• iron tee;
• electrode insulation (polyamide);
• neutral wire;
• coupling;
• ground terminals;
• steel pipe of appropriate dimensions;
• insulation for terminals.

Note! At the preparatory stage, you should study the operating diagram of such equipment.

Stage 2. Assembling the ion boiler

First, let's clarify a few important aspects. So, the ion boiler needs grounding, as mentioned above, and the neutral cable must be supplied exclusively to the outer pipe. It is also worth remembering that the phase should only be supplied to the electrodes.

With proper preparation, the assembly procedure should not cause any difficulties.

Step 1. First, take a pre-prepared pipe ( optimal sizes– length 25 cm, diameter 8-10 cm). On one side, a set of electrodes is placed in the pipe, and on the other, a coupling is installed for connection to the heating main.

Note! To install the electrodes, a tee is required, through which the coolant will enter/exit.

Step 2. An insulator is installed near the electrode, which, in addition to its direct function, will also serve for additional tightness of the boiler.

Step 3. High quality heat-resistant plastic is used to make the insulator. But not only tightness is important for the device, but also the possibility of threaded connection of the electrode with a tee. That is why it is recommended to entrust the manufacture of the insulator to an experienced specialist who will make the part in accordance with the required dimensions.

Step 4. A large bolt is welded to the body. Next, the neutral cable and grounding terminals are attached to the bolt.

Note! For greater reliability, you can attach a second bolt similar to the first.

Step 5. After connecting to the heating system (this is done using a coupling), all that remains is to hide the finished boiler with a decorative coating. Such a coating is necessary not so much for aesthetic purposes, but for safety and protection from electric shock. This should not be neglected, since it is necessary to limit access to the heat generator as much as possible.

Stage 3. Installation work

At this stage, it is necessary to install the following system elements:

• air vents;
• pressure gauge;
• fuse.

In this case, the shut-off valves are installed after expansion tank. The above diagram will help you get acquainted with the connection features in more detail.

Video - DIY ion boiler

Other important installation points.

Video - Connecting the Galagan boiler

About the coolant used

Electrode boilers do not require a specially prepared coolant; ordinary water can be used for this (provided that its resistivity does not exceed 1.3 kOhm/cm). In this regard, the water still needs some preparation. So, if you simply fill it with distilled water, it will not bring any success, since it does not conduct electricity.

The preparation process consists of conducting experiments, as a result of which the resistance increases (baking soda is used for this, for aluminum appliances - ASO-1) or decreases (melt or rainwater is added).

Prices for the range of electric boilers

Electric boiler

As a conclusion

Now you know what the operating principle of an electrode boiler is and how you can assemble such a unit at home, saving a lot of money. The main thing in the work is to strictly follow the instructions and comply with safety requirements. In this case, no problems will arise.

How to install an ion boiler

Most often, a gas or solid fuel boiler is used to heat a private home. If none of the options suits you, choose ion heating boilers. Specifications This type of boiler will pleasantly surprise you, because this device works thanks to a special method of heating water in the heating system.

Technical characteristics of the ion boiler

During operation, water ions move in chaos between the anode and cathode located inside the boiler. The current generated between them helps accelerate the ions and thus heats the coolant. Cathodes and anodes are made from a special durable material that does not rust.

The housing is made hermetically sealed to avoid a breakthrough if the system is connected incorrectly. The complete set of the heating device consists of a heating element, a relay protecting the boiler and a special thermostat that allows you to regulate the temperature.

An ion boiler allows you to install several closed heating systems in one room. This heating device is compact and can be mounted in any more suitable place. The efficiency of such a boiler is almost 100 percent.

Installing a cathode and anode in the system allows energy losses to be reduced to zero. At 20 square meters It consumes about one kilowatt per hour. During boiler operation, the water in the system heats up much faster compared to other types of boilers. The low start-up inertia allows the coolant in the radiators to be heated to the required level in a short period of time. In addition, the boiler has increased protection against power surges. If there is no coolant in the heating system, the boiler does not fail.

Installation of an ion heating boiler

The area, that is, 48, is multiplied by the height from floor to ceiling, that is, by 2.6. From this it is calculated that to warm up one meter it will be 0.025 kilowatts. A boiler with a power of 3 kilowatts is enough to heat the entire room.

1. To shut off the coolant in case of system failure or replacement of the coolant, a ball valve is installed.
2. To ensure uniform running and distribution of water across the batteries, a circulating pump is installed.
3. The filter cleans the incoming coolant into the boiler from scale and rust.
4. A drain valve is mounted on the return pipe at the bottom to remove water from the system.
5. An expansion tank is required to collect excess water that is generated when it is heated in the system.
6. The automatic module for turning on the boiler starts the boiler with the specified parameters.
7. After this, the air intake is installed.

For an ion boiler to operate in the correct mode, water must have a certain density. When replacing any boiler with an ion one, you first need to drain the system old water and fill in a new one. In addition, an inhibitor is added to it. Water for heating system distilled is taken.

To connect the boiler to the heating system, steel pipes without galvanization are used. After 120 centimeters from the boiler, the pipeline can be made of a different material.

An ion boiler allows you to quickly and efficiently heat a room, so read carefully specifications. Ionic boiler you can install it yourself if you do the calculations correctly and follow the step-by-step instructions.

Ion heating boilers: technical characteristics

Ionic heating boilers

In places where there is no access to a central heating system, they are often used electric boilers. They work on the principle of converting electrical energy into heat using a coolant (water or antifreeze) moving through a pipeline system. One type of electrical equipment is ion heating boilers. Let's look at everything in more detail.

Initially, all electric boilers, according to the method of connecting to the network, are divided into: single-phase (220V) and three-phase (380V). They also come in single-circuit (capable of providing only room heating) and double-circuit (with the ability to additionally heat water for domestic use).

According to manufacturing technology, they are divided into three types:

• Electric boilers with heating element (heating element)
• Induction boilers
• Electrode (ion) boilers

Electric ion boilers

Such boilers operate on the principle of heating water (coolant) using the ionization method. This process occurs as follows:

When the boiler is turned on, water molecules are separated into positive and negative ions, which oscillate between two electrodes (anode and cathode). During this process, thermal energy is generated. It is immediately transferred to the coolant, which distributes it throughout the heating system.

Such units are used as an autonomous heating system. They differ from boilers with heating elements in their small size, as well as in the electrode block, which has high performance and efficiency. Table salt is additionally added to the water, which acts as a coolant. This is necessary to increase the electrical resistance of water. To avoid metal corrosion or scale formation, antifreeze designed specifically for ion boilers is poured into the system instead of water.

Electrode boilers were initially used only for military purposes to heat submarines or warships. After which, slightly changing the design, the developers began to produce boilers for domestic or industrial use.

For example, a Galan brand boiler is produced in accordance with all established standards military equipment, since manufacturers specialize in the manufacture of instruments for submarines and ships.

Ion boiler "Galan"

For domestic use, Galan brand boilers are produced in the “Ochag” series, which has several models:

« Hearth2» – intended for heating a room of no more than 80 m3. The power consumption of the unit is 2 kW. The boiler operates from 220 V. With normal thermal insulation of the room, electricity consumption fluctuates within 0.5 kW/hour. The recommended amount of coolant fluid varies between 20-40 liters.

« Outbreak 3"- Can warm up a room with a volume of 120 m3. The boiler power is 3 kW. Energy consumption is within 0.75 kW/hour. Liquids to warm up the system require from 25 to 50 liters.

« Hearth 5"- used in rooms with a volume of no more than 180 m3. The boiler has a power of 5 kW. Consumes about 1.25 kW/hour. The coolant volume varies between 30-60 liters.

“Hearth 6” is capable of heating 200m3. Power consumption is 6 kW, and consumption is 1.5 kW/hour. Recommended from 35 to 70 l. coolant.

Only the specially developed liquid “Potok” can be poured into the Galan boiler system, which prevents pipe corrosion.

Ionic boiler "Coterm"

The Coterm brand boiler for domestic use is produced in the Summer Resident series, which is characterized by high efficiency (98%).

The most popular model of this series is “Coterm m-1”. This unit is used to heat a room with a volume of no more than 200 m3.

The Coterm ion heating boiler is capable of operating in three power modes: 1.2 kW-1.7 kW -3.5 kW. The unit weighs 7 kg.

The coolant volume should not exceed 45 liters. Average electricity consumption varies within 1.5 kW/hour.

Anode (ionic) heating boilers

Energy-saving technologies remain a priority in all areas. They show the greatest efficiency in the field of heating. This approach is associated with a constant rise in fuel costs. Equipment manufacturers offer various options execution of heating devices. One of them is anode heating boilers.

Design features

In order to understand what we are talking about, let us recall the student and/or military background of many of those who are now reading this article. We are talking about a method of boiling water, for which some used a boiler, while others used a simple homemade design. These are two blades, fixed at a short distance from each other and connected by a 220V power cord. When this “boiler” was placed in water, heating occurred literally within 2-3 seconds and violent boiling began. This is precisely the principle on which an anode heating boiler works.

A homemade boiler is an analogue of a modern ion boiler

Please note that conducting experiments with heating water is dangerous to life and health. On the one hand, a short circuit may occur, on the other hand, a person runs the risk of electrical injury (electric shock).

The convenience of using such devices lies in the fact that parallel installation of electrode heating boilers into an already existing heating system, which works, for example, with gas boiler. The coolant in both cases remains the same. But manufacturing companies produce not quite standard heaters, in which water is simultaneously used as both a coolant and a heating element.

The main elements of the module are:

• steel tube;
• inlet/outlet pipes;
• terminal for connecting wiring;
• heating electrodes;
• high quality insulation.

Cathode heating boilers have a powerful steel body on the outside. The walls are made of sheet metal up to 4 mm thick. Inside household design Several electrodes up to 20 mm are located. They are made of a refractory alloy having long term operation.

Modern electrode ion boilers do not have an intermediary material between the anode and cathode. Heating from both terminals occurs directly from the coolant itself, water. Accordingly, there is practically nothing to “burn out” inside the cavity. The scale that appears on the tubes in electric electrode boilers after long-term operation is cleaned off with ordinary sandpaper.

Difference from heating elements

The individual characteristics endowed with electrode heating boilers allow them to be distinguished from heating elements:

• in heating elements, at the initial stage of startup, the working tubes are heated, and electrode boilers, made by hand or purchased in a specialized store, begin to heat the water immediately after the start, which reduces inertia;
• ion heating boilers have positive reviews, as they are 20-0% more economical than devices with heating elements;
• thanks to alternating current with a frequency of 50 Hz, the electrodes move between the terminals and create a chaotic movement that promotes heating; this feature reduces the starting current for the electrode heating boiler, reducing the load on the electrical network

The anode and cathode change places at a speed of 50 r/sec

• A do-it-yourself electrode boiler made or produced at a factory has smaller overall parameters than other household analogues.

Such features ensure significant distribution of this heating system.

Positive performance characteristics

Homeowners do not have to completely give up gas if the premises already have wiring from radiators and mains installed. Often such ion heating boilers play a duplicate role in finished systems. Although, if the cost of gas rises faster, then they can be used as the main source of heating.

Their positive properties include:

• high degree of reliability;
• temperature is controlled automatically;
• real efficiency reaches 99%;
• installation of additional equipment may not be carried out;
• startup and operation in systems designed to operate on gas;
• increased efficiency.

An electric electrode boiler operates exclusively on alternating current. Switching to constant voltage is not allowed.

Thanks to the built-in automation, the set optimal temperature is maintained for the specified time. You can increase energy efficiency by programming the system to lower the temperature on weekdays when no one is home, and raise it in the evening and on weekends.

According to reviews, electrode boilers have a good emergency shutdown system. If a possible coolant leak is detected, the device will automatically turn off. Also, short circuits do not occur in these heating devices.

The coolant for such equipment can be purchased directly from the manufacturer, who will provide the appropriate quality composition.

Disadvantages of the system

In addition to the advantages, each system has its disadvantages. Ion electrode boilers have the following disadvantages:

• increased requirements for electrolytic water quality;
• it is necessary to carry out mandatory grounding of the device in order to reduce possible risks of working with an electrical device;
• it is advisable to maintain the water temperature in the system no higher than 70-75 0 C in order to reduce energy consumption;
• the cathode and anode need periodic descaling to ensure greater efficiency for the ionization process;
• the system requires mandatory coolant circulation, so a water pump must be installed in it.

Voltage drops are not dangerous for the boiler itself, but they are necessary for the accompanying automation. A UPS or, at a minimum, a surge protector will help you avoid damage from an unstable network.

Rules for safe operation

The optimal water temperature for operation is 50-75 0 C. This information is indicated in the device passport. In closed and open systems, expansion tanks must be used.

Exit from the boiler to the expansion tank in open system must not have any shut-off valves.

Do-it-yourself installation of an electrode boiler into the system must be accompanied by the installation of an automatic air valve, a pressure gauge for measuring the operating pressure and an explosion safety valve at the highest point of the system.

It is possible to install it in the heating circuit as an additional heating source, but in this case it is necessary to bring the quality and type of coolant into proper condition.

Not all radiators can work with ion boilers, and the quality of the coolant suits the units. With very big reservations, cast iron radiators can be used.

When installing, one and a half meters of supply pipes to the boiler must be made of non-galvanized metal. After this section, the use of metal-plastic is allowed.

Grounding according to PUE standards is mandatory. The cable should have a cross-section of 4-6 mm. Its minimum electrical resistance must be no higher than 4 Ohms.

If possible, the entire system of pipelines and consumers should be flushed with clean water before installation. It is allowed to use special chemicals, helping to clean highways.

After the coolant has been used up, it must be properly disposed of. It is not allowed to discharge it into sewers, water bodies or into the ground.

When making calculations, they are guided by the following parameter: 8 liters of coolant must correspond to 1 kW. To operate in the 10 l per 1 kW mode, the device will be turned on almost constantly, which may negatively affect its performance properties.

VIDEO: Heating a private house. Electrode boilers

Anode (ionic) heating boilers: negative and positive reviews, advice on choosing

Ionic boilers. Minuses.

Question, a client came and wants to install an ion boiler, he asks what the trick is, and I’ve been playing on the plumbing stage for 10 years (that is, working), but I’ve only seen these boilers from afar at exhibition stands.

Please. Need information, especially the cons.

I need cons. only they!

1. An ion boiler is a domesticated product similar to a “student’s boiler” (two blades, 2 matches between them, all connected with a thread)
2. It does not have fantastic efficiency. The calculated power is still 100 W/sq.m
3. For normal functioning of this unit, it is necessary to fill it with a special electrolyte, which is recommended to be changed every 2 years (I heard the price is 2 euros/liter).
4. Of my friends who fell for the advertisement, they changed everything a year later to ordinary heating element boilers. (3 pcs)
5. Grounding is MANDATORY.

Elden! fellow countryman, thank you.

Happy to help

1. The power when warming up is high (equal to the installed one), then gradually decreases.

Although the manufacturer declares a decrease in power as the temperature rises.

A couple of times, they installed and “launched” Galan in their own brine! I observed a different picture: the higher the temperature, the greater the current. Although the manufacturer declares a decrease in power as the temperature rises.

Chesslovo saw how the current was decreasing. But that was 5 years ago. then it was “a product of declassified defense technologies.”

apparently this means that when heating, the thermostat will turn on and the heater will operate cyclically (on - off), accordingly, energy consumption will be less

Exactly. And in the advertisement it is written in BIG letters that electricity consumption is from 0.5 kW, and then in small, small letters it is written the average daily. And people behave. Apparently not everyone is friendly with “arihmetic” and calculating that 0.5 kW/hour is 360 kW/hour per month + the pump will add at least 34 kW/hour per month (45 W around the clock). And this is all without taking into account heat loss.

Well, people don’t know that the beast “FREE” is not found in our latitudes

For example, I am engaged in the sale of KULON boilers (respectively, ionic), many have already been sold, installed in 2 years - not a single return. The clients are satisfied with everything.

These boilers are a complete waste of money in everyday life. They came from military applications, where their main advantages were simplicity, low cost and high power (200-400 kW) with small size and weight. Everything else is a big minus.

Brine destroys aluminum radiators within a few years. Cast iron lasts longer, but it also corrodes completely from the inside. This is why it is recommended to change the electrolyte so often. How long do they live on this brine? circulation pump s, designed for pure water or antifreeze with anti-corrosion additives, there are no real statistics, but I think not for long. Especially pumps with a wet rotor (and they are the majority on the market).

They do not have any supernatural efficiency, the same 99% as conventional boilers with heating elements. A huge disadvantage is the electrical hazard. Almost perfect grounding of the core is mandatory, otherwise dangerous potential may appear on all pipes and batteries. Considering the practically zero resistance of the electrolyte, death from touching in the absence of grounding is guaranteed. Naturally, no RCDs can be installed, because Leaks on the housing are normal.

IMHO – these boilers are an extremely harmful and HAZARDOUS solution for health. In normal countries, such a Mr. should be sold for household applications forbidden. It never occurs to anyone to install engines from fighter jets on civilian aircraft.

These boilers (coulombs) are filled with ordinary water, not electrolyte. It is recommended to change every year. It requires grounding like any other household appliance (for example, a Washing Machine).

All ion boilers must be filled with low resistance electrolyte. Without it, they cannot theoretically work. In this type of boiler, heating occurs due to direct heating of the electrolyte between the electrodes. If the electrolyte has a high resistance, then there will be no current between the electrodes, or it will be negligible. Naturally, there will be no heating.

Confused with washing machine etc. these boilers cannot be used with household appliances, because In all household electrical appliances, current-carrying lines are isolated from the housing, and grounding serves to prevent voltage from appearing on the housing in the event of an insulation breakdown. With normal insulation on the housing there should be no potential. An RCD operates on this principle, controlling the occurrence of leakage current. In ion boilers (popularly called electrode boilers), two electrodes are lowered into a conductive brine between which electric current flows. The third electrode (and often the second) is the boiler body, which must be carefully grounded. Between the electrodes (electrode) and the body there is a powerful electric current is nothing criminal.

I am responding to your topic, I think my knowledge can help someone. I have been installing ion boilers in Latvia for a year and a half now.

To begin with, I would like to note that they are not ionic, that is, there are also ionic ones, but few people install them, because they are expensive and are intended mainly for some industrial premises; for home use we install only electrode ones, these are the boilers that are discussed on the Internet . And the word “ionic” is marketing ploy, In my opinion.

There was a lot of talk here about saving and spending. Yes, it’s true that all the kilowatts squeezed out of the network will be lost as heat in a ratio of 1 to 1, you can’t imagine anything here, but the main feature of electrode boilers is that instead of the usual coolant, a non-freezing electrolyte with low electrical conductivity is used. current. Therefore, as the temperature increases, the conductivity increases and the boiler produces more power, which leads to energy savings. energy due to more uniform heating of the house.

I don’t want to engage in advertising, I’m an installer, but our company does not use the manufacturer’s brine and electronics, the original brine is toxic and unstable, and also of an incomprehensible color, we made our own based on safe substances, and besides, it looks very “show-off”.

As for electronics, we use European electronics. modules, most importantly, allowed us to insert into the system main sensor, which stupidly turns the boiler on and off depending on the temperature premises, which is installed by the client himself, in my opinion this sensor contains 20-30% savings.

As for the numbers, there are many examples, but there are a couple of objects where everything worked out well and turned out very economically. For example, a house of 200 sq. m. heating, heated floors and radiators are connected on the same comb as the floors, therefore the temperature of the radiators is also low. In short, it turned out to be an average of 70 bucks per month of winter for light. I would like to note that the house was built according to a thermal design.

Well, I think I told you everything.

To begin with, I’ll note that in any case, gas is better. I recommend it as a support for granular and wood-burning boilers.

The main disadvantage is that our system does not provide a jumper, because it is not economical, therefore, when closing all thermal heads or electric. drives for warm floors the boiler remains without circulation and boils. The next minus = electrolyte, if the system is not new, then the old coolant will remain in it, mixing with ours, its characteristics change, but this is not scary if there was water or antifreeze in the system, but if there is some kind of fancy additive, then problems begin.

And of course, power is still a powerful thing, and the network should not be weak. For an average house (150 sq. m.) at the last degrees it takes 18 A from each phase.

Ionic boilers

Most private home owners face the problem of individual home heating. One of the options for solving the issue is energy-saving electrode heating boilers, which are considered highly efficient, reliable and safe to operate. They make it possible to set the desired heating temperature for radiators and ambient air, as well as maintain the indoor microclimate according to the specified parameters around the clock.

A little history

Electrode heating boilers were proposed for use in domestic conditions back in the 80s of the last century. The idea belonged to Dmitry Kunkov, and the invention received a patent. Until this point, such equipment was used in the military industry and installed on submarines and naval ships. The Russian company GALAN was able to improve the invention by developing a unique and fundamentally new electrode-type water heating boiler, which was introduced to the market in 1992.

Just two years later, a serial model appeared, the operation of which in the heating system confirmed the fact of a significant reduction in energy consumption used for heating premises in comparison with previously produced heat generators. Today, Galan heating devices are widely used in villages remote from communications and hard to reach places, in warehouses and railway stations, in areas of natural disasters and urban cottages.

Construction of electrode boilers

Electric mini-boilers "Galan" of electrode type are available in three modifications:

• single-phase CHAGS have a power of 2, 3, 5 and 6 kW;
• three-phase GEYSER and VULCANO - 9, 15, 25 and 50 kW.

They are compact in size and light in weight. The most powerful device weighs 11.5 kg, its diameter is 180 mm with a length of 570 mm, and it can heat a space up to 1650 m3. The smallest boiler has a diameter of only 35 mm and a length of 275 mm, its weight does not exceed 0.9 kg, and the heated room can reach 120 m3.

Ion boilers consist of several elements. On the metal body there are inlet and outlet pipes, allowing unhindered circulation of the coolant (water or antifreeze). Thanks to the housing, ionic processes occur, as it acts as an ionizer. The top of the case is protected by a plastic casing, which improves the electrical insulation of the device and reduces its heat transfer. Inside a single-phase boiler there is one electrode, and a three-phase boiler there are three electrodes with a terminal group brought out.

Galan electrode boilers are supplied assembled. The automation system that allows you to control and monitor the heating system is not included in the equipment package, so it must be purchased additionally. In addition, you need to buy an expansion tank and, if necessary, a pump.

Without installing automation, the GALAN company does not provide a warranty period for the operation of the boiler.

The manufacturer also declines responsibility in the event of incorrect installation, or operation of the electrode heat generator, the presence of mechanical damage and the presence of foreign objects in the system.

Advantages of electrode heating equipment

Heating boilers"Galan" have undoubted advantages compared to other types of boiler equipment:

• high efficiency (up to 98%) is obtained due to the direct conversion of electricity into heat directly in the coolant;
• electricity savings of up to 40% occur through the use of automation and adjustment of thermal conditions;
• simple installation is ensured by the small size of the devices and convenient connection of pipes;
• the ability to integrate into existing heating systems eliminates the need to re-lay pipes;
• the permissibility of parallel connection of boilers allows you to increase the power of the heating system many times over;
• the reality of installing a backup boiler eliminates the sudden stop of heating the coolant.

Principle of operation

Electrode or ion boilers do not require special permits for installation of equipment, which cannot be said, for example, about gas heating units.

When the Galan device is turned on, the coolant is heated by splitting liquid molecules into ions of different polarities. Each of them tends to a positively or negatively charged electrode plate.

During operation, there is a constant change in the direction of the current, so the plates are not “overgrown” with ions.

As a result of the disintegration and movement of particles of the liquid medium, the release of thermal energy and an increase in pressure begin, which leads to rapid heating of water or antifreeze inside the system. The coolant, having warmed up, begins to be pushed upward, and its place is taken by a cooled portion of the liquid. The resulting pressure allows low-rise mansions to do without a circulation pump.

The coolant in an ion boiler is one of the constituent elements of the electrical circuit, therefore, in its absence, the heating process does not occur. The automation, in this case, turns off the device, so there is no need to fear a fire. The boiler will stop operating if any short circuit, and when the temperature of the ambient air or radiators rises above a predetermined level. It is not for nothing that Galan ion boilers are classified as a “smart home” system.

Ion boilers must not be used for heating running water from the water supply, as well as directly pumped liquid medium from wells, reservoirs and boreholes. This type of boiler equipment is intended only for closed heating systems.

It is necessary that the water used as a coolant clearly corresponds technical specifications, described in the passport of the Galan electrode boiler. It is strictly forbidden to pump it from the hot water supply pipeline, otherwise the service life of the device will be too short.

It is also not allowed to install ion boilers on underfloor heating systems. The fact is that the operating temperatures of the coolant of the electrode heat generator under optimal operating conditions are significantly higher than those required for the normal functioning of the “warm floor”.

If the house has cast iron radiators or the existing system contains large diameter pipes, then the use of ion boilers is not recommended by experts. The problem here is the increased volume of coolant and the heterogeneity of internal surfaces heating batteries. But there is still a way out of the situation. In this case you will need:

• use of a more powerful electrode device;
• installation of a coarse filter on the return line;
• use of a mud filter or sedimentation tank;
• Pre-flushing of cast iron radiators.

Ion boilers in systems must be installed strictly vertically so that the terminal group is at the bottom. When using plastic pipes in the heating system, they will need to be replaced with black (non-galvanized) metal pipes in the area from the outlet pipe of the heat generator. Its length should be 2-2.5 meters.

If the coolant level in the expansion tank decreases by less than a third of the tank volume, it should be topped up to the required level. But if unforeseen situations arise, the boiler will need to be turned off immediately. This must be done when:

• the appearance of overheating of wires and automation;
• presence of smoke and clouds of steam;
• no voltage;
• leakage or freezing of coolant;
• malfunction of the grounding device;
• presence of moisture on the body;
• pump failure.

After turning off the equipment, a technician is immediately called to fix the problems.

Energy-saving technologies remain a priority in all areas. They show the greatest efficiency in the field of heating. This approach is associated with a constant rise in fuel costs. Equipment manufacturers offer various options for heating devices. One of them is anode heating boilers.

Design features

In order to understand what we are talking about, let us recall the student and/or military background of many of those who are now reading this article. We are talking about a method of boiling water, for which some used a boiler, while others used a simple homemade design. These are two blades, fixed at a short distance from each other and connected by a 220V power cord. When this “boiler” was placed in water, heating occurred literally within 2-3 seconds and violent boiling began. This is precisely the principle on which an anode heating boiler works.

Please note that conducting experiments with heating water is dangerous to life and health. On the one hand, a short circuit may occur, on the other hand, a person runs the risk of electrical injury (electric shock).

The convenience of using such devices lies in the fact that parallel installation of electrode heating boilers into an already existing heating system, which works, for example, with a gas boiler, is allowed. The coolant in both cases remains the same. But manufacturing companies produce not quite standard heaters, in which water is simultaneously used as both a coolant and a heating element.

The main elements of the module are:

• steel tube;
• inlet/outlet pipes;
• terminal for connecting wiring;
• heating electrodes;
• high quality insulation.

Cathode heating boilers have a powerful steel body on the outside. The walls are made of sheet metal up to 4 mm thick. Several electrodes up to 20 mm are located inside the household structure. They are made of a refractory alloy that has a long service life.

Modern electrode ion boilers do not have an intermediary material between the anode and cathode. Heating from both terminals occurs directly from the coolant itself, water. Accordingly, there is practically nothing to “burn out” inside the cavity. The scale that appears on the tubes in electric electrode boilers after long-term operation is cleaned off with ordinary sandpaper.

What is the difference between electrode and heating element boilers?

The individual characteristics endowed with electrode heating boilers allow them to be distinguished from heating elements:

• in heating elements, at the initial stage of startup, the working tubes are heated, and electrode boilers, made by hand or purchased in a specialized store, begin to heat the water immediately after the start, which reduces inertia;
• ion heating boilers have positive reviews, as they are 20-0% more economical than devices with heating elements;
• thanks to alternating current with a frequency of 50 Hz, the electrodes move between the terminals and create a chaotic movement that promotes heating; this feature reduces the starting current for the electrode heating boiler, reducing the load on the electrical network

The difference between electrode boilers and heating elements

• A do-it-yourself electrode boiler made or produced at a factory has smaller overall parameters than other household analogues.

Such features ensure significant distribution of this heating system.

What are the advantages of using

Homeowners do not have to completely give up gas if the premises already have wiring from radiators and mains installed. Often such ion heating boilers play a duplicate role in finished systems. Although, if the cost of gas rises faster, then they can be used as the main source of heating.

Their positive properties include:

• high degree of reliability;
• temperature is controlled automatically;
• real efficiency reaches 99%;
• installation of additional equipment may not be carried out;
• startup and operation in systems designed to operate on gas;
• increased efficiency.

An electric electrode boiler operates exclusively on alternating current. Switching to constant voltage is not allowed.

Thanks to the built-in automation, the set optimal temperature is maintained for the specified time. You can increase energy efficiency by programming the system to lower the temperature on weekdays when no one is home, and raise it in the evening and on weekends.

According to reviews, electrode boilers have a good emergency shutdown system. If a possible coolant leak is detected, the device will automatically turn off. Also, short circuits do not occur in these heating devices.

The coolant for such equipment can be purchased directly from the manufacturer, who will provide the appropriate quality composition.

What are the disadvantages of using

In addition to the advantages, each system has its disadvantages. Ion electrode boilers have the following disadvantages:

• increased requirements for electrolytic water quality;
• it is necessary to carry out mandatory grounding of the device in order to reduce possible risks of working with an electrical device;
• it is advisable to maintain the water temperature in the system no higher than 70-75 0 C in order to reduce energy consumption;
• the cathode and anode need periodic descaling to ensure greater efficiency for the ionization process;
• the system requires mandatory coolant circulation, so a water pump must be installed in it.

Voltage drops are not dangerous for the boiler itself, but they are necessary for the accompanying automation. A UPS or, at a minimum, a surge protector will help you avoid damage from an unstable network.

Rules for safe operation

The optimal water temperature for operation is 50-75ºС. This information is indicated in the device passport. In closed and open systems, expansion tanks must be used.

The outlet from the boiler to the expansion tank in an open system should not have any shut-off valves.

Do-it-yourself installation of an electrode boiler into the system must be accompanied by the installation of an automatic air valve, a pressure gauge for measuring the operating pressure and an explosion safety valve at the highest point of the system.

It is possible to install it in the heating circuit as an additional heating source, but in this case it is necessary to bring the quality and type of coolant into proper condition.

Not all radiators can work with ion boilers, and the quality of the coolant is suitable for some. With very big reservations, cast iron radiators can be used.

When installing, one and a half meters of supply pipes to the boiler must be made of non-galvanized metal. After this section, the use of metal-plastic is allowed.

Grounding according to PUE standards is mandatory. The cable should have a cross-section of 4-6 mm. Its minimum electrical resistance must be no higher than 4 Ohms.

If possible, the entire system of pipelines and consumers should be flushed with clean water before installation. It is allowed to use special chemicals to help clean the lines.

After the coolant has been used up, it must be properly disposed of. It is not allowed to discharge it into sewers, water bodies or into the ground.

When making calculations, they are guided by the following parameter: 8 liters of coolant must correspond to 1 kW. To operate in the 10 l per 1 kW mode, the device will be turned on almost constantly, which may negatively affect its performance properties.

Let's do it short review the most popular models of electrode heating boilers, which have already been evaluated by consumers, revealed their strengths and weak sides. When choosing such equipment, the brand name itself means little. Only in operation can you understand how well the boiler copes with the task, how often it breaks down, and what problems there are in operation. The purpose of this rating is to name the best Russian and European brands.

The best Russian electrode heating boilers

The big advantage of domestic equipment is that it is perfectly adapted to real-life operating conditions - with voltage fluctuations, unstable current, etc. At the same time, in terms of price, maintenance costs, unpretentiousness and reliability, it will give a head start to most competitors.

The Galan company was one of the first to begin developing such a family of heating devices, using the developments of the military space industry and patented engineering solutions. For a quarter of a century, even the first line of devices has not failed and continues to function.

Model power 36 kW, suitable only for three-phase network. The maximum current for three phases is 27.3 A. The control is mechanical; the boiler is installed only on the floor.

This model “Vulcan” 36 has many advantages, let’s highlight the main ones:

• ease of maintenance and operation.
• safety and reliability - if an electric short circuit occurs, the current supply wires overheat, the set temperature is exceeded, or a coolant leak occurs, the boiler turns off.
• the coolant volume is 600 liters, the volume of the heated room is 1700 cubic meters.
• affordable price - the average price is 11,000 rubles.

A safe and productive single-circuit electrode boiler, which is often preferred by owners of country property. Equipment power 15 kW, suitable only for three-phase network. The maximum current for three phases is 22.7 A. The control is mechanical; the boiler is installed only on the floor. As an additional option, it is possible to connect external control.

It is bought due to the following advantages:

• Simplicity and ease of use - even a beginner can understand the device.
• light weight of the structure and compact dimensions - only 5.3 kg.
• large heating area - up to 180 sq.m.
• electronic automatic control - the presence of a control unit that allows you to create an interval for heating the coolant.
• ability to connect to a room temperature indicator.
• The average price of the device will be 7800-8000 rubles.

Manufacturer LLC "Plant RusNIT", Ryazan. Can be used as the main or backup heat source in a house or domestic premises with an area of ​​up to 80 sq.m. Power 8000 W.

Specifications:

• three-stage power adjustment - 30%, 60% or 100%;
• the heat exchanger and heating element are made of stainless steel;
• antifreeze or distilled water can be used as a coolant in the system;
• the presence of a thermal switch that prevents heating of the coolant above 90°C;
• can be connected to a circulation pump;
• Manufacturer's warranty - 2 years.

Among the disadvantages, we note the manual selection of power, difficulties during connection, requiring certain skills.

The cost of the unit is from 15,000 rubles.

The best European electrode heating boilers

It so happens that European brands deserve more trust from us. Objectively, some models are indeed an order of magnitude better than domestic ones, but lack of adaptation to our conditions makes them fail very quickly, and repairing them is not always profitable.

A model from a famous German brand, which is traditionally distinguished by its impeccable performance, high quality, reliability and durability. Power 9.9 kW, recommended for connection to a three-phase network with a maximum current of 15 A for three phases. Wall installation. The package includes a circulation pump and an expansion tank.

Let us highlight the main advantages of this device:

• light weight and compact dimensions.
• Easy installation - brackets included.
• steel body with excellent thermal insulation.
• Efficiency 99%.
• The kit includes a 7-liter expansion tank, a circulation pump, a safety valve, a pressure control sensor, and a blocking sensor that protects the housing from overheating.

Minus - Buderus Logamax E213-10, like all German equipment, is designed for a stable voltage in the electrical network. Therefore, for long-term operation of the device, you need to take care of purchasing a stabilizer.

The cost of the unit will cost on average 38,000 rubles.

One of the best electrode boilers of the Czech brand, the power of which is 24 kW. The single-circuit model for wall mounting is distinguished by functionality, safety in operation and durability. Can be connected to a “warm floor” system or a boiler for heating hot water. The package includes 4 heating elements, a circulation pump and a 7-liter expansion tank.

Let's highlight a few more advantages of the unit:

• electronic control with power indicator, display and thermometer;
• 4 power levels;
• Possibility of temperature control in the range of 30-85°C;
• overheating safety system;
• high efficiency - 99%;
• soft start function;
• presence of a safety valve and air vent.

Of the minuses, it is worth noting that the boiler is too noisy and needs to be connected through a voltage stabilizer.

Cost - from 43,000 rubles.

One of the best domestically produced electrode boilers, which some users call a mini-boiler room - one device contains heating elements, a membrane tank, and a circulation pump.

Note strengths device:

• LCD display at the bottom of the case;
• convenient control panel, which is hidden behind a special door;
• the operation is controlled by a microprocessor, but the boiler can also be switched to manual control;
• suitable for heating residential and industrial facilities;
• silent operation;
• emergency condition indication;
• pressure and coolant level sensor.

Like any other device, the Evan Warmos QX-18 also has disadvantages - heavy weight, large dimensions, frequent capacitor failures, mandatory connection through a voltage stabilizer.

The cost of the device is from 49,000 rubles.

Polish-made electrode boiler with a power of 12 kW, capable of heating a room measuring 120 sq.m. The device is stylish and compact in size. Suitable only for a three-phase network with a maximum current of 20 A for three phases. A circulation pump is included in the package. Permissible coolant temperature 20-85°C, maximum pressure 3 Bar.

Let's note the advantages of the model:

1. Electronic microprocessor control system for the device.
2. Light weight - 18 kg.
3. High-quality protection system - against overheating, safety valve, air vent.
4. Self-diagnosis system - in case of any malfunction, an error code appears on the display, which can be deciphered according to the instructions.
5. Affordable price - from 39,000 rubles.

Cons: no expansion tank included.

The manufacturer's warranty is 1 year.

VIDEO: Is it really possible to save money on an electrode boiler?

Electrode-type boilers, which are gaining popularity, are a conversion product. In the navy they were installed (and are still installed) on ships and submarines. Back in the days of the Soviet Union, there were two factories that produced these.

One plant in Ukraine, one in Russia. Both countries now issue them to the public. The Russian electrode boiler is called “Galan”, the Ukrainian one is “Obriy”. Today, other companies producing boilers of this type have appeared on the market. For example, the “Ion” and “Luch” models.

Principle of operation

The operation of an electrode boiler is based on purely physical laws. The coolant in it is heated not due to some heating element, but due to the breakdown of water molecules into differently charged ions.

Two electrodes are installed in the container where the coolant is located, and the electric current supply is turned on. Water molecules under the influence of a current with a frequency of 50 Hz (this is the number of vibrations per second) are divided into positive and negative ions. It is during the separation process that thermal energy is obtained. Each ion with its own charge moves towards a specific electrode.

The surprising thing is that heating is instantaneous due to the high resistance of the water. Plus, in such a system there is no electrolysis process, which contributes to the formation of scale on the metal walls of the heating boiler. This means that an electrode boiler is an almost always running unit.

The design of the device is quite simple. Firstly, this is a device of small overall dimensions.

Secondly, the boiler is a pipe that simply cuts into the pipe junction system by means of a threaded connection using American fittings. Thirdly, electrodes are inserted from one of the ends of the device. The coolant enters through the side pipe, and exits through the free end.

The dimensions of the unit depend on its power. For example, “single-phase has a length of 30 cm (diameter 6 cm), three-phase - 40 cm. For a small private house, the first option is suitable. If the house is large enough, multi-story, then it is better to install a three-phase device.

Coolant requirements

Unfortunately, simple tap water cannot be used as a coolant in a system where an electrode boiler is installed. In order for ionization of the coolant to occur, a certain salt content in it is necessary.

Therefore, manufacturers recommend pouring antifreeze into the heating system of a private home or adding special inhibitors to the water. The Galan company produces special solutions called “Potok”, which can be added to water or used as a coolant.

Advantages and disadvantages

Like anyone electric unit for heating a private house, the electrode device also has its own positive sides, and negative.

pros

A positive factor is the high ratio useful action– 98% with small dimensions. At the same time, due to the ionization of the coolant, energy consumption is saved. If we compare, for example, with heating element heating boilers, electrode boilers consume 40% less electricity.

Voltage drops are a natural state of Russian electrical networks in countryside villages. So, energy-saving electrode-type heating boilers do not respond to these changes. In addition, there is no need to coordinate the installation and connection of the boiler with the boiler inspection.

Minuses

The negative aspects of using an electrode heater include the impossibility of using it in a heating system where steel pipes and cast iron radiators. In the first case, there is a high probability of scale formation on the walls.

In the second, there is a large volume of coolant, which the electrode boiler may not warm up. Here we add the filling of antifreeze and inhibitors, as well as the high cost of electricity.

Characteristics

To understand the characteristics of the electrode boiler, it is necessary to consider domestic models of the Galan device. The company today offers four modifications:

• "Hearth";
• "Standard";
• "Geyser";
• "Volcano".

For private houses

The “Ochag” and “Standard” models are for private homes. Their power is 2, 3, 5, 6 kW. Accordingly, with their help you can heat houses with a volume of: 80, 120, 180, 200 m³.

These devices operate from an alternating current network of 220 volts. For connection, it is recommended to use a cable with a cross section of 4-6 mm².

For large buildings

“Geyser” and “Vulcan” can be used for heating large buildings: residential and non-residential. The power of these devices is: Geyser - 9, 15 kW, Vulcan - 25, 36, 50 kW. Both models are three-phase analogues.

Non-freezing liquids such as “Tosol” and “Arctic” are not intended for electrode boilers.

Control and management

All models are equipped with temperature sensors and adjustment devices temperature regime. The electronic control unit is installed next to the boiler, usually on the wall.

Controversial issues

There is a misconception that electrode-type heating devices are divided into cathode and anode. The thing is that the cathode and anode can only be present when exposed to direct current. Electrode boilers use alternating current.

One could call electrode heating units operating on a single-phase circuit cathode, because two tubular rods are installed inside the boiler. One is supplied with electric current, the second is the zero phase. In this case, the movement of electric current (negatively charged particles, that is, electrodes) occurs from the first rod to the second.

But it would be more correct to call the boilers ion. It's all about the principle of obtaining thermal energy. This has already been discussed above.

The smaller the volume of coolant in the heating system of a private house, the more efficiently the electrode-type boiler operates. Therefore, it is recommended to use bimetallic or aluminum radiators and contour wiring made of polyethylene pipes to construct the heating system.

Please note that it is best to create your own new heating for an electrode heating unit. It is not worth embedding it into an old one, where another type of heating device was used.

Thermal insulation and connection

Experts recommend thermal insulation of all circuits. The connection is best done with a separate cable from the distribution panel with the installation of a separate machine. IN electrical diagram connection, an RCD (residual current device) cannot be installed.

The installation must be grounded, as is the case with other models of electric heating units.

Increasing heating efficiency

If for heating big house If the power of one boiler is not enough, you can install several devices in a single system. They can be connected to each other in parallel or in series.

And one last thing. Heating boilers of this type are installed only in closed system where the circulation pump is installed. The latter provides additional coolant resistance, which affects the quality of heat generation.