Bas-relief manufacturing technology. Plaster molding on the wall. Completion of the processing process

Colorful bas-reliefs - voluminous stucco paintings - can rarely be seen on the walls and ceilings of private houses and apartments. Price self made for modeling and painting sculptural panels is too high and the services of masters are not available to everyone. Therefore, an ordinary homeowner who wants to decorate a home in this way has no choice but to make a bas-relief on the wall with his own hands. But since not all people are endowed with artistic abilities, we propose to consider simplified techniques for creating such images.

Casting stucco in molds

To sculpt a bas-relief decoration on the entire wall, shown below in the photo, you need to have drawing skills, since its outline is first applied to the surface. If you are talented in another area, then the solution is simple: make silicone molds, pour plaster decorations into them and stick them on the walls.

Reference. Of course, you can go the simpler way: buy at affordable price decorative elements sculptures made from modern materials- polyurethane or foam. But it is much more attractive and pleasant to create an individual pattern to your taste, suitable for the design of the room.

Task number one is the manufacture of a three-dimensional prototype - a counter-relief, the basis for a future form. As a rule, various flowers, vines and other elements of nature act as wall details of the landscape, which look equally good in any room - kitchen, bedroom or living room. The prototype of the pattern you like can be made in the following ways:

sculpt from plasticine or clay;
cut from wood;
transfer the contours of the picture onto paper and give them a relief using gypsum plaster, as shown in the video at the end of the section:
Finally, apply ready-made convex images and figures.

This is what the silicone mold looks like.

Note. You can involve all family members in sculpting a counter-relief, including a child who knows how to handle plasticine well.

Now you need to purchase silicone with a hardening catalyst, whose amount depends on the size of the resulting sculpture, and then proceed according to the following instructions:

Make a bath for pouring, whose sides are 1 cm higher than the prototype. The simplest option- lay the counter-relief on the glass and mold the plasticine sides around.
Mix the silicone with the catalyst in the proportions indicated on the package. To control the quality of mixing, a little food coloring can be added to the solution. Pour it into the tub.
After waiting for solidification, remove the silicone mold and remove the burr around the edges with scissors.
Prepare a solution of gypsum or alabaster (the consistency is like that of liquid sour cream) and fill the recess in the mold, remove the protruding part with a spatula. Allow 10-15 minutes to harden.
Remove the finished bas-relief, process its edges and stick it on the wall, ceiling or home fireplace.

Filling the prototype with silicone mortar

Advice. If your pattern has a thin and elongated shape, then after pouring the plaster, carefully lay 1-2 pieces of steel wire along the entire length for strength.

How a bas-relief is cast from plaster with your own hands is shown in the video:

We apply a relief image - a master class

If you are fine with drawing and have a desire to become a novice sculptor, then it is not necessary to make molds to apply a bas-relief. Create a three-dimensional flower pattern right on the wall using this technology:

Clean and level the wall surface. Treat it with a deep penetration primer and wait 30 minutes for it to dry.
Prepare gypsum plaster and apply it in an even layer 3-4 mm thick. It is not necessary to make the surface smooth.
Taking advantage a simple tool- with a plastic spoon, spatula and trowel, complete the desired pattern. The photo below shows an example - an ornament of blossoming roses.
When the plaster hardens, carefully remove the protruding edges of the resulting petals with a wide spatula. If necessary, refine the drawing with a clerical knife.
Cover the bas-relief with a primer. To avoid gaps, it is recommended to add a little dye to it.

The pattern is formed with a regular spoon

Note. Apply the drawing in full, leaving no empty space. The dimensions of the elements do not play a role and can be different, the main thing is that the whole picture looks good.

At the end, the finished bas-relief remains to be painted with a brush - maklovitsa. The ends of the petals can be tinted with a different color using a wide flat brush, as shown in the video tutorial:

We create a full-fledged bas-relief

This is the most complex technique, requiring not only the ability to draw, but also some skills in applying textured plaster. You need to start work by choosing a pattern and a place on the wall where it will be applied in bulk. The illumination of the site should be correctly assessed, since the bas-relief looks great in the interior due to the play of light and shadow. If it’s not possible to successfully choose a place, then make a picture on any wall, but subsequently install 2-3 lamps above it, as shown in the photo.

Advice. When applying a large relief pattern, the master is close to the surface and cannot see how the whole picture changes in the process of work. Therefore, it is important for a novice sculptor to learn how to evaluate the correctness of actions and often look at the result of their labors from the outside.

To create a bas-relief, use the following technique:

Transfer the contours of the selected pattern to the surface of the wall. There are 2 ways: just draw them with a pencil or copy them onto a transparent film. The latter is applied to the wall, where a thin layer of putty or Marseille wax has already been applied, and the contour is squeezed out along the lines with a slightly pointed object.
Give the drawing volume by applying gypsum plaster to the surface (thick consistency). This must be done in several layers and without haste, forming the outlines of each part with a spatula or other convenient tool.
Since the mortar hardens for a long time (about 3 hours), give clarity to the bas-relief by removing excess plaster with a clerical knife or a narrow spatula. If you removed too much, then correct it with finishing putty.
After the raised image has hardened, remove the remaining sharp edges and smooth out the pattern with sandpaper.

Advice. Do not use solutions of pure gypsum and alabaster for application, they harden too quickly and do not allow you to adjust the details of the picture. Do not forget to prepare the surface of the wall - level and coat with a primer.

When the bas-relief is ready, it can be painted in the desired color (usually white) or painted, creating a real picture. How the wizard does it is shown in the video:

Conclusion

Self-creation of a bas-relief is not an easy task. Stock up on patience and time, and be careful in the process. Without experience, you should not immediately take on a large image, first practice and apply a small 3D drawing on a board or other flat surface. This will allow you to understand the nuances of the formation of small parts and master the technique of working with the solution.

You want to make your home beautiful and original. The most reliable way is unique homemade jewelry. One of the very interesting ways is a bas-relief on the wall. This is a three-dimensional image, molded from plaster or any other similar material. Gypsum in its pure form is used very rarely - it hardens too quickly, not giving time for processing. Most often, gypsum plaster mixes are used. They come with additives that make the job easier. With them, you can make a voluminous wall panel with your own hands, even without experience.

General technology for creating a bas-relief

To make a bas-relief on the wall, you must first prepare it: clean it, level it. Already on a flat and completely dry surface, you can start working. When you are going to make large-sized bas-reliefs, it is advisable to prime the wall - for better adhesion of the composition to the wall.

The bas-relief on the wall can be of varying degrees of complexity. This one is complex. For beginners, it is clearly unbearable. But you know what can be done in the future

For the first experience, it is better to start with small items - such as medallions (round or square) with simple relief images. As a basis for such products, it is best to take moisture resistant. Under it, you can make a frame (from a profile, for example). In this form, the volumetric composition can be moved from place to place. This makes it easier to learn the basics of technology.

This is all technology in general terms. There are nuances that are worth dwelling on separately. The first concerns the application of the starting layer of putty on the walls and the transfer of the pattern. In more complex compositions, the bas-relief on the wall begins with the transfer of the contours of the drawing. They do this with a pencil or crayon (if you know how to draw) or with the help of an image printed in the right size and a carbon paper placed on it. Then we cover the places where we will put putty with soil (for better adhesion), and then with the help of palette knives (small spatulas of various shapes) we apply the first layer of material. Further, the sequence of actions is similar to that described.

Materials for creating a bas-relief

The most common question among beginners: what putty is better to take for making a bas-relief? In principle, any finishing gypsum putty is suitable. Each master has his favorite brands and compositions. Here are a few that we can recommend:

Knauf Uniflot. Very strong and plastic. From it you can form a deep relief - it will not fall off even without reinforcement. Drawback: expensive.
Fugen. A little less strong, a little worse cut. Much cheaper than Knauf Uniflot (almost three times). You can also make a relief without any problems.
PUFAs. This is a gypsum putty with cellulose fiber. Processing time - about 60 minutes, applied with a layer of any thickness, well cut, easy to grind.
"Rotband" for the lower layers and "Shitrok" for the upper.
"Acryl Putz" (Poland). Finished acrylic putty. It is good because it slowly “grasps”, it takes an hour or more to work out the details (depending on the humidity in the room).

In addition, impregnation is required. They are selected based on the starting characteristics of the material. There are compounds that strengthen crumbling materials, penetrating deeply and binding the particles of materials to each other. This is necessary, since gypsum panels weigh decently and create an additional load. Without prior preparation, they can fall off from fragile foundations. You can use a moisture-protective primer concentrate from PUFAS. It is suitable for all mineral substrates, including wood and wood-based panels. Aquastop moisture barrier is suitable for loose substrates.

In addition, the following compositions are used:

before starting work - to improve adhesion to the wall (or base) material;
for layer-by-layer processing - when creating a deep relief, when one layer of putty is applied to the already dried, applied earlier;
for finishing impregnation before painting - to equalize the absorbency and so that the paint lies evenly, emphasizing the relief, and not hiding it.

For layer-by-layer processing, primers are needed that create a sticky rough surface on the surface. In this case, you can put a new layer of putty even on a surface that has already dried up. Ceresit deep penetration primer and PUFAS impregnating primer are suitable for these purposes. They can also be used for finishing before painting.

Tools

Tools for creating a bas-relief are needed for two types of work - for applying putty and for removing / cutting off excess mortar. Therefore, the set of tools and devices is quite extensive. For applying putty or decorative paints use:

These are all the tools you might need. Of the necessary: trowels, spatula, chisels. Palette knives are very convenient, it is difficult to do without scalpels and a confectionery syringe. But stacks are a tool for perfectionists - for fine-tuning the relief.

Making a bas-relief from gypsum plaster: photo report

For the relief painting on the wall, a marine theme was chosen - with fish, octopus, algae. Great option for a first experience! Easy drawing that can be formed gradually.

Preparatory work

The drawing was transferred with a pencil to a previously leveled and primed surface. For the manufacture of a bas-relief, gypsum plaster SHITROCK / SHEETROCK (with finer grinding) is used. When diluting the solution, a smaller amount of water is added: take 0.5 liters of water per kilogram of the mixture (instead of 0.6 as recommended). With this kneading, the composition turns out to be harsh, but it is this one that is better for making a relief image on the wall.

Immediately knead a small amount of mortar: gypsum plaster quickly loses elasticity (15-17 minutes) and you need to have time to not only put the entire volume on the wall, but also align and give the desired shape. For the first time, knead 300-400 grams, lay out, give some form. If during the process you feel that you can handle more volume, knead more.

Gradually spread the solution with a palette knife, filling the contour of the algae, cut off the excess, smooth it as far as possible

With this tactic - small portions of the solution - most of the time is spent precisely on kneading the putty. It is better to knead in a bowl with high sides - a bucket or a saucepan. However, the solidified solution is difficult to remove from them. If there is an old ball in the house, you can cut off the top and knead the putty in it. Even small particles are easily removed from such a container.

Pour the powder into the container, add clean cold water, mix quickly with a spatula, then bring the composition to a homogeneous state, leave for 5 minutes, then mix again. There should be a homogeneous thick paste without lumps or inhomogeneities. The exposure time and "setting" are indicated on the package with putty, if you use a different composition, follow the manufacturer's recommendations.

Shaping small parts

For starters, it's easier to start with shallow terrain. When forming small parts, we take a small amount of mortar on the trowel, apply it to the right place, trying to spread it well so that the adhesion of the mortar to the wall is good. If the wall is covered with a primer that improves adhesion (the surface is slightly rough and sticky to the touch), there will be no problems. If the details are very small - such as the tentacles of a jellyfish - it is more convenient to put the solution with a palette knife.

A bas-relief of a jellyfish made of plaster or acrylic putty is not much more difficult to make ...

Having laid out the mixed portion of the solution on the wall, we immediately proceed to leveling and shaping the relief. We work with the tip of a trowel, palette knives, knives, chisels, scalpels - everything that is at hand and that can give the desired shape to the surface. If the part has already dried in the process, but has not yet been finalized, it can be moistened with a spray bottle and try to finalize it after a few minutes. When you reach the desired degree of perfection, clean the mixing container of the remaining solution and mix a new batch. Note: container must be absolutely clean. The smallest particles will leave scratches.

We form the main reliefs

When making a bas-relief that protrudes beyond the wall by no more than 2 cm, no reinforcing structures are required. With a greater thickness, in those places where a layer thicker than 2 cm is planned, self-tapping screws are screwed in. It will be possible to navigate along them when applying plaster, they will also support the solution, preventing it from slipping.

The fish and the sink have a larger volume - in some places more than 2 cm. Here we screw in self-tapping screws for reinforcement

In this bas-relief, the most protruding parts are fish and a shell with a pearl. In those places where a thick layer will be laid and screw the screws. We roll the pearl separately, making a ball and putting it on a self-tapping screw.

The thickest place is the head

In places where the relief is supposed to be deep, it is possible to apply the solution not at once, but in several layers. In this case, it is not necessary to smooth the layers. The more uneven the surface is, the easier it will be to apply the next layer. When the desired volume is reached in a certain area (for example, the head of a fish), we begin work on small details - eyes, whiskers, gills, etc.

When working out small details, knead no more than 100-200 grams of mortar - while cutting, leveling, the mortar sets, so large portions are simply not needed.

After the putty drawing on the wall is ready, it is left for a couple of days until it dries completely. Then you can start grinding - we take sandpaper with a medium grain, process it, achieving the desired smoothness. When the relief is ready, we grind it with fine-grained sandpaper.

Two days or more, elements with a deep relief can dry. Smaller ones - algae, waves, jellyfish - dry out faster. You can start with them. While you bring them to mind, dry and thicker details. After grinding is completely over, remove the dust with a thick brush. You can vacuum if you want. Next, we cover the decorative plaster panel with a deep penetration primer.

The last step in making a bas-relief on the wall is painting. Everyone chooses the way of coloring. In this case, a conventional water-based emulsion was used (the primer was under paint on water based). On this, we can assume that you made a bas-relief on the wall with your own hands. In this case, we got a large composition on two free adjoining walls.

One tip: the bas-relief on the wall looks better with specially designed lighting. So before leveling the wall, bring out the ends. After you have leveled and primed the surface, install those lamps with those lamps with which you will further highlight the relief picture. Here, with this light, it will be necessary to grind the three-dimensional panel you made from the plaster mix. Only in this case everything will look good. Because if the work is carried out in a different light, when installing standard fixtures, you can find "nightmare and horror."

Bas-relief on the wall: photo ideas

Without experience, it is very difficult to understand what and how can be done with ordinary gypsum plaster. In fact, three-dimensional gypsum paintings can be of very different themes, but the most common are flowers, trees and landscapes (urban, country). In this section, we have collected some of the most diverse bas-reliefs on the wall. With their help, you can come up with a theme for artistic modeling on the walls. In fact, the process is similar to working with plasticine.

When decorating the interior of a home, sculpting on the wall will be a good solution. Despite the large number of gypsum and plastic products for decorating walls, art modeling is still relevant. Such a finish is not very difficult and it can be easily done independently. This article will discuss how to do wall sculpting with your own hands and what materials can be used for this.

Preparatory procedures

Even the most ordinary stucco molding made of plaster or plaster will give the apartment a uniqueness and elegance. Relief patterns can be used in the design of any room.

First you need to choose which walls will be applied. It is extremely important to consider the lighting factor, whether the light will be natural or artificial.

The next step will be the choice of the picture and the place on the wall where the modeling will be carried out.

For beginners in this craft, it is better not to take on complex paintings.

The best solution would be images, leaves or flowers. An example of such molding can be seen in the figure.

You will also need to prepare the following set of tools:

trowel;
flat brush;
palette knife;
maklovitsa;
masking tape;
latex gloves;
polyethylene film.

You will need a material that is used to level surfaces.

Drawing a bas-relief on the wall

Can be used for molding various materials. The most common option is to create a bas-relief from plaster and putty.

First you need to choose the most suitable texture. It is better for beginners to work with and mixed with clay. It's also best not to draw large images the first time.

A good solution would be to create a rough bas-relief on a separate tablet. To do this, you can use wood or drywall.

Drawing preparation

It is necessary to choose the most traced image. The contours are transferred to paper, and a plastic film is applied on top. And an image is already applied on top of it.

Foundation preparation

The basis of the bas-relief is made of or wax. A layer of plaster is applied to the drywall sheet with a spatula, after which it is leveled.

After about 20 minutes, after the solution has hardened, the pattern is transferred to the base. A film stencil is placed on the base and the contours of the image are traced with a pencil. A relief pattern remains on the puttied coating, which will then be transferred to the wall.

Create a drawing

This part of the work is the most important and time-consuming. A specialist can quickly deal with it, but

Proper surface preparation is the key to success

A beginner will need more time. The essence of the procedure is to add volume to the drawn image.

Creating a three-dimensional drawing on the wall consists of several stages. Putty is applied to parts of the image not immediately, but gradually, layer by layer.

The solution with which the molding is carried out should have a high elasticity index and not harden immediately. It is necessary to prepare a mixture of the desired consistency in advance.

Painting and fixing the bas-relief

After the bas-relief is completely molded, it will need to be dried thoroughly. Sharp corners and edges are processed with sandpaper. This work should be carried out with care so as not to remove the excess.

In order for the bas-relief to take its final form, its surface will need to be primed and painted. The primer will increase the level of adhesion for further painting. Most often used for decorative bas-relief water-based paint. A diagram of such a procedure can be seen in the figure.

Plaster bas-reliefs

How to make plaster molding? This material is suitable for both professionals and beginner craftsmen. It will be enough to familiarize yourself with the following training video lesson to simplify the procedure.

Gypsum is mixed with PVA glue before use. This mixture looks like plasticine to create individual sections of the picture. To obtain a three-dimensional image using such material, it will be enough to purchase the appropriate form in the store. A solution of gypsum and glue is poured into it, after which you will need to wait until it hardens. After hardening, the product is removed from the mold and attached to the desired part of the apartment.
Optimal lighting is the key to success

Almost any image can be molded, but most often plant compositions are chosen. A piece is broken off from the mixed gypsum, which will be required to create a separate element. The rest of the material must be wrapped in a wet cloth and stored in a plastic bag. This will prevent possible drying of the solution.

Beginners often use the image of a bunch of grapes. To create it, you need to take a leaf of grapes, put it in polyethylene and circle the contours. This will create a template for further work.

After the gypsum is mixed, a small piece of material is taken and rolled out with a rolling pin, after which it is attached to the wall with the help of slip. The template is placed on plaster and traced along the contour. With the help of tools, excess material is removed. For these purposes, you can use both professional devices and improvised ones. First, the outline of the sheet is created, and then its middle.

For creating unique interior you can also use bas-reliefs made with the addition of artificial flowers. Flowers, in turn, can be made of fabric or paper material.

To create such a bas-relief in an apartment, you will need to dilute the putty solution with the addition of glue in a pre-prepared container. The consistency of the mixture should look like sour cream or yogurt. Artificial flower dip into this solution several times. The main thing is to make sure that streaks do not appear, which can dry out quickly, and then it will be very difficult to remove them later. After each dipping, a short pause is maintained so that the solution has time to dry a little. After the texture of the picture acquires uniform saturation, the stage can be considered completed.

When the flowers are completely hardened, they are attached to the panel with thick alabaster. From individual sections, a complete composition is created for the entire wall.

As can be seen from the article, there is nothing difficult in creating bas-reliefs and this work can be done by hand. The main thing is to use high-quality materials and tools. With the help of the photos discussed earlier, you can choose suitable option drawing. However, if you plan to sculpt complex patterns consisting of a large number of parts, it is recommended to seek help from a professional artist.

A bas-relief is a decorative panel that protrudes above the main plane by no more than half of the full volume. Relief images have long adorned the pediments and walls of Greek temples and Roman palaces. In Russia, they became popular in the early 19th century. Initially, only very rich people could decorate their houses with decorative molding. Nowadays, knowing the manufacturing technology and having necessary tools, everyone can make bas-reliefs from gypsum and putty with their own hands.

It is better to start the first steps in mastering the technology of creating bas-reliefs with simple small-sized items, such as medallions. The basis for embossed stucco is best made from drywall reinforced with a frame. Such a mobile composition can be easily moved from one room to another.

Regardless of the level of complexity, the process of making bas-reliefs using stencils consists of several main steps:

Select and print an image. It is desirable to make a stencil from thin plastic, but thick laminated cardboard is also suitable. Also, a drawing can be drawn on a pre-impregnated wall.
Preparation of a mixture of finishing gypsum putty. The mass should be homogeneous, and its consistency is thick enough so that the composition does not spread.
Fixing the template on the base surface. This can be done with masking tape or double-sided tape.
Filling the slots in the stencil with putty.
Deleting a template. You can remove the stencil after 30 minutes, when the putty is not yet completely frozen. This must be done carefully so as not to damage the edges of the stucco molding. If the contour of the bas-relief is still broken, it needs to be trimmed.
Relief deepening. If you want to make a more voluminous drawing, you should add another layer of putty.
Relief formation. You can begin to give the final shape to the product in about an hour, when the material has already dried up, but has not yet lost its plasticity. For work, various tools are used from a rough chisel to a surgical scalpel.
Grinding. After the last layer of putty has completely dried, the bas-relief can be sanded. To do this, use sandpaper with varying degrees of grit. The main thing is not to overdo it.
Finishing processing. After grinding, a decorative coating or varnish can be applied to the bas-relief.

The work is done.

Bas-reliefs are rarely molded and plaster. This material hardens very quickly, making subsequent processing difficult. Most often, when creating relief panels, gypsum putty mixtures are used, containing special additives that facilitate the work.

Each master has his favorite materials that allow you to create truly unique things. For those who are just starting to try their hand, it is recommended to use mixtures from the list below:

Knauf Uniflot - made in Germany. Durable and flexible material. Does not shrink and does not crack. With its help, you can create a three-dimensional relief without additional reinforcement. The only drawback is the high price;
Knauf Fugen. Less durable and plastic, but it costs 3 times cheaper than Uniflot. With this plaster mixture, you can easily create a pattern with a shallow relief;
Pufas. Another brand German manufacturers. This gypsum mixture contains cellulose fiber, which allows it to be applied in layers of any thickness. Excellent adhesion to the base, hardens evenly without shrinkage and rolling. Easy to handle.
Acrylic Putz. Production Poland. This is a ready-to-use acrylic mixture. It dries slowly, which gives more than an hour to work out small details.

In addition to the base material, preparatory impregnations are necessary. They penetrate deep into the composition of the mixture, preventing shedding.

Important! Large relief panels are heavy, and if the base is not strong enough, the bas-relief may fall.

One of the best impregnating materials is Pufas moisture-proof primer concentrate. It is suitable not only for mineral substrates, but also for wood. For a loose, loose base, Aquastop is best.

Attention!!! Novice masters cannot always dilute the dry putty correctly the first time, so it is recommended to purchase a mixture that is ready for use. It is sold in sealed containers.

Tools

All tools for creating bas-reliefs can be divided into 2 groups:

for applying putty;
to remove excess terrain adjustment material.

The first group includes:

metal trowel. Made from stainless steel. It is used for applying gypsum mixture on large surfaces;
plastic trowel. The scope of application is the same as that of the metal one. However, it is recommended to use it to form long lines of a drawing. The paste-like putty mass sticks to the plastic and is well drawn out;
putty knife. With it, the mixture is applied to the trowel. It is also used for applying putty to the base when creating small bas-reliefs;

Tools of the second group:

palette knife. These are small blades of various shapes, designed to add or remove putty in order to give clarity to the relief;
sculptural stacks. Bilateral tool equipped with spatulas and blades. Used to work out small details;
carpentry chisels. Despite the fact that these tools were originally designed to work with wood, they are also very convenient to remove excess gypsum;
cream injector. Ideal for adding putty in small quantities.

There are several types of surgical scalpels in the arsenal of professionals. They are used to draw details that require special precision.

Production of gypsum plaster: photo report

To get the experience of creating a bas-relief with your own hands, you should not try to reproduce a highly artistic picture. It's best to start with a simple design that contains multi-format pieces that can be played in turn. For example, a marine theme with an octopus, algae and a dolphin.

Drawing preparation

First, a sketch is made, which is subsequently transferred to a leveled base surface impregnated with a primer. To draw a drawing, it is better to use a hard pencil so that it is fashionable to correct incorrectly drawn lines.

For the formation of elements, it is better to use plaster with a fine texture. It is recommended to dilute it with less water than it is written on the package. In this case, the mixture will turn out to be more rigid, which is a necessary quality for drawing the main details of the bas-relief.

Formation of the main reliefs

It is better to start the formation of a three-dimensional panel with large details. Gypsum-based putty dries quickly and loses elasticity, so it is not recommended to knead a large volume at once. To begin with, it is enough to dilute 300-400 grams of the mixture and try in 15 minutes not only to apply it to the base surface, but also to give the element a shape.

To lay out the solution, a palette knife of the appropriate size is used. If the main elements of the bas-relief protrude more than 2 cm above the bearing surface, they must be reinforced with self-tapping screws. Otherwise, as a result, they may sag or simply fall off.

The pearl in this project is rolled by hand and also planted on a self-tapping screw.

Shaping small parts

To form small elements of the pattern, use a trowel or palette knife. You need to start with details that have a low relief (in this case, the tentacles of a jellyfish). When applying the composition, it must be carefully rubbed in to ensure maximum adhesion to the base surface. For such work, a palette knife is more suitable.

If the part dried up before you could bring it into line with the idea, you need to treat it with water from a spray bottle and try to finish the job in a few minutes.

The formation of the relief must be done immediately after laying the putty, until it has hardened. To do this, you can use all the tools that are in the arsenal.

Deep relief elements can take up to 2 days to dry. It is better to start grinding with small details. Until the process of their processing is completed, the massive multi-layered parts will finally dry out.

The finished bas-relief is brought to perfect condition using fine sandpaper. The end result looks like this:

Tips and tricks for creating a bas-relief from plaster and putty

There are a few tricks that can make the first steps of beginners easier:

Do not immediately take up the implementation individual projects. You can start with small medallions molded from ready-made silicone molds that are sold in hardware stores. The product is fixed on the base surface with PVA glue.

IN modern design there is a very fashionable direction - a bas-relief from decorative plaster. The ancient technique of decorating walls with three-dimensional images was undeservedly forgotten for a long time and was used only to create monumental sculptures and design public places.

The creation of stucco decor in the home and still can afford a few: the artistic level of such work allows the master to evaluate his work quite highly. But the techniques for making a bas-relief are not particularly difficult. The main obstacle in the way of an amateur designer is the conviction that it is very difficult to make a beautiful bas-relief on the wall with your own hands.

There are 2 mounting methods decorative panel on the walls of the premises: buying ready-made slabs with fragments of stucco and creating an image directly on the wall. In the first case, the laying of panel details resembles the performance of facing works with tiles. To fix the elements, liquid nails or tile adhesive are used.

The other way is more difficult, but much more interesting, as it requires the manifestation of creative abilities. To finish, you need to have minimal skills in working with plastic materials (at the level of school modeling lessons), spatial imagination and the ability to draw. If you wish, you can use ready-made drawings or ornaments, transferring them to the wall using a projector or enlarging them by cells.

Creating the relief itself will require patience and accuracy. The material used in the work is of great importance. To obtain good results, it is best to use gypsum-based finishing plasters or decorative mixtures with a very fine filler fraction. They lend themselves well to grinding, are plastic and have a homogeneous structure, which makes it possible to perform even small parts.

How to prepare a workplace?

Gypsum mixtures tend to harden within 15-20 minutes. This makes it possible to easily and reliably fix relief details on the wall, to sculpt the necessary fragments directly on the plaster. But this same feature of gypsum can interfere with a novice decorator who has to work very slowly. The only way out of this situation is to make a large amount of mortar for sculpting large parts, when it can be thrown onto the wall like ordinary plaster and knead a little gypsum if painstaking work is required to create small parts.

In order not to break away in the process of working in search of the right tool, you should prepare everything in advance. For an amateur sculptor you will need:

finishing gypsum mixtures or decorative plaster;
roller;
trowel;
spatulas of different sizes or palette knives;
capacity;
wet rag;
chisels with different stings or a set of cutters for wood or plaster.

For different techniques for making a convex pattern, you may need strips of gauze or rags, dry ears and herbs, or other decor. To create a repeating ornament, you need to prepare stencils in advance. Acrylic paints, a sponge and a dry rag will also come in handy. If you plan to create a relief with details that protrude very far above the level of the wall, you should also stock up on wire.

How to make a bas-relief?

The wall on which the plaster bas-relief will be created must be prepared for finishing: it must be leveled and primed with a deep penetration composition in 2 layers. If required on the surface decorative trim textured plaster, then you should not cover it with wax or varnish. The bas-relief will hold well only on an unfinished wall.

As a background under the panel, your own relief can be applied. You need to make it on a limited section of the wall, where it is planned to perform a volumetric finish. Focusing on the general external contours of the sculptural image, make a mark to which the background texture should extend. This technique allows you to more organically fit the sculptural image into the surface of the wall. The simplest texture can be done using a long pile roller and gypsum putty: apply a thin layer of the mixture on the wall within the outlined boundaries and roll fresh plaster with a roller. After the layer has hardened (24 hours), you can proceed to applying the relief.

Transfer the drawing to the prepared surface, marking the location of its details inside the contour. Where the plaster layer will be especially thick, you can make holes and drive in dowels. On self-tapping screws, the bas-relief on the wall can hold on, as on fittings. Some parts can be sculpted or molded separately and then glued to the wall.

According to the sketch, apply the prepared mortar from water with plaster inside the contour (prepare according to the mixture manufacturer's instructions). There are many options at this stage: you can make a relief immediately if the drawing is simple enough or first lift the outline above the surface to sculpt the details later. Some elements of the pattern can be pressed into the plaster, applied specifically for this purpose in a thick layer. The main rule when forming a composition is that the closest or central fragment should protrude above the wall the most. Secondary and removed parts have a lower height.
Attach the parts molded separately to a layer of raw gypsum and mask the seams by covering them with gypsum. If you need to make a fragment strongly protruding forward (horn, nose, stem or leaf), then you need to use wire as reinforcement, fixing it on the wall in a layer of gypsum and drying the mold for 1-2 hours. Apply plaster on this base, forming desired part drawing.
Work out small details using palette knives or cutters, a knife and any tools convenient for this. Details on the set, but still wet plaster can be easily scratched, cut or built up with your own fingers.
Leave the completed bas-relief for several hours before hardening. Sand the surface with an emery cloth, removing excess and eliminating defects. If a part of the drawing does not suit the master, it can be corrected by applying a little mortar and sculpting the missing one.

After drying the finished sculpture for 3-5 days, depending on the thickness of the layer, paint it with colored acrylic paints or perform a volume-shading treatment. To do this, you need to prepare the paint, tinting it in dark shades of beige, gray, sand. Apply acrylic emulsion with a sponge, trying to paint over the depressions of the relief well. Wipe the damp surface with a dry rag, removing excess paint from convex places. Apply fragmentary white paint or gilding, silvering, glitters in the right places.

Only after the complete readiness of the bas-relief, you can proceed to the application of waxes and varnishes on it and the rest of the wall.

Other panel techniques

If the bas-relief on the wall should consist of a certain number of repeating elements, then it is very easy to make them using a stencil. Depending on the desired height of the pattern, a durable moisture-resistant material should be selected. It can be thick plastic, thick cardboard, or a ready-made stencil bought from a store.

The application of a bas-relief in this case begins with the selection of a drawing and transferring it to the prepared material. Then you need to cut through the contours of individual fragments and attach the cardboard to the wall. Spread plaster mortar on the cut parts with a spatula, capturing the areas of the stencil around them. In this case, a pattern with a flat surface is formed, protruding 2-3 mm above the background. After it has hardened a bit, carefully remove the cardboard, add small details if necessary, and move on to the next image, attaching the stencil next to or in any desired place on the wall.

Convex contours of objects, branches, architectural ensembles of any complexity can be made from pieces of bandage or fabric twisted into bundles. Wetting them in gypsum plaster, glue them in the marked place of the drawing, wipe the seam. Contours can also be filled in this way if the bas-relief should contain images with uneven surface textures. By adding hand-sculpted details, you can create very complex compositions.

You can do the same with dried flowers, branches, ears, shells, etc. Carefully covering them with a layer of gypsum in a suitable container, glue the fragments onto wet plaster. Having completed the attachment of the finished panel details, you can supplement them with stucco elements. The final finish can be done by toning, darkening the cavities of the pattern with paint and highlighting the bulges with a light shade.

In the nursery, a painted color panel depicting favorite characters from fairy tales would be appropriate. In the kitchen, you can harmoniously fit a still life or a stucco border with fruits and berries into the interior. Landscape paintings are suitable for living rooms, bedrooms and hallways. They can be distinguished by color or well-chosen lighting of a monochromatic bas-relief.