How to loop a home heating system. Installation diagrams for a heating system in a private house. Features of the use of polypropylene pipes

Reading time ≈ 19 minutes

For those who live outside the city or just in a small town or village, it will be quite useful to know how to properly install heating in a private home. The approach here is very important from both a financial and practical point of view, that is, do I have enough money to carry out the project and do I need one or another heating method to provide heat in all living rooms of the building. Of course, these are questions of a personal nature, and now we will look at the main directions that are used in the private sector, and quite successfully.

Three main systems for heating a private home

Installation of radiator heating in a private house

There are many ways to heat houses in the private sector, but recently three of them can be called the most popular:

1. Radiator heating.
2. Water heated floor system.
3. Combination of radiator heating and water heated floor system.

Maybe someone will say that the most popular at the moment is stove heating. Maybe. However, we will still talk about autonomous water heating and methods of its installation. But before that, you need to pay a little attention to the elements of the heating systems from which the circuit is assembled in any case.

Devices and elements used for heating

Aluminum radiators of different sizes

Today, if we don’t talk about their configuration, there are three types of radiators that differ in metal and these are:

• cast iron;
• steel;
• aluminum;
• bimetal

If we are talking about the private sector, then heating can only be autonomous and only 0.1% of private houses are connected to centralized boiler houses. These are the houses that were once built by enterprises for their workers, but were bought over time, and centralized heating still remains in some places, although not all of them have it.

• This means that cast iron radiators are no longer needed, since they take too long to heat up and require a large amount of water, which is not at all suitable for autonomy - too many expenses.
• Steel batteries, both sectional and panel (non-removable), are excellent for a private home - they have good heat transfer and a pleasant appearance, but they begin to rust and fail the fastest.
• Aluminum radiators are intended exclusively for autonomous heating and there are two reasons for this: firstly, they will not withstand very high pressure and, secondly, special additives must be added to the coolant, which is impossible with a centralized water supply.
• , this is an ideal option both for the private sector and for multi-storey buildings. They withstand the highest possible pressure, but in this case we are not interested in this, but they have excellent heat transfer, and the service life is almost equal to cast iron, that is, if for cast iron it is 30-35 years, then for bimetal it is 25-30 years .

Cross-linked polyethylene pipe layers

For a heated floor system, not even according to the instructions, but by default, a pipe made of high quality cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) should be used. The problem here is that, firstly, it is an expensive material, although a good one, and, secondly, when pouring the second layer of screed, which is done on top of the heated floor system, the pipes need to be filled with water so as not to flatten them with the solution (this causes certain inconveniences). But practice has shown that cheaper metal plastic is excellent for this purpose, only it must be seamless - this ensures its strength. From my own experience, I can say that underfloor heating systems made of metal plastic, installed 10-15 years ago by me personally, are still functioning successfully.

Setting up a double-circuit convection gas boiler

If we talk about boilers for water heating, they can be:

• gas;
• electrical;
• diesel;
• solid fuel.

Be that as it may, gas units are certainly the best and there are several reasons for this. Firstly, double-circuit models provide hot water supply for the home without installing an indirect heating boiler, secondly, such units can be not only convection, but also condensation (low temperature), energy-dependent and non-volatile, and modern models must have a built-in circulation pump . Gas boilers of any type are also equipped with built-in groups of various equipment: for automatic adjustment of temperature conditions and a safety group.

Unfortunately, not every area has the ability to connect to a gas main, and then most often they use electric boilers of various types, but in 99% of cases, these are heating elements, although some prefer electrode or induction models. But even here, not everything is so smooth - in the distance from the city, due to old transformers, sometimes there is not enough voltage to ensure normal operation of the electrical unit, and that’s when diesel or solid fuel boilers are purchased. Of course, this is a personal matter for everyone, but a wood-burning boiler wins over a diesel one for several reasons. Firstly, solar fuel is more expensive than firewood, secondly, firewood does not require nozzles, which a diesel engine cannot do without, and thirdly, solid fuel boilers are much cleaner to operate (no soot or unpleasant odor).

Advantages and disadvantages of water heating

Integrated water heating system in the private sector

To begin with, as always, about the positive qualities of water heating systems:

• First of all, there is no need for daily cleaning and lighting of the stove.
• The microclimate can be adjusted in each room individually.
• You can leave home even for a month, leaving the boiler in the on position - it will work in the specified mode.
• Aesthetics of installation, both radiator and floor circuits.
• You don’t have to worry about storing fuel every year for the winter.

Of course, this method also has its downsides:

• High cost of equipment (boiler, radiators, pipes).
• In some cases, water leaks are possible in the radiator circuit.
• If you do not use the heating system in winter, there is a danger of defrosting.

As you can see, water heating has many more advantages than disadvantages, and this is not surprising - after all, such designs are a child of scientific and technological progress. In addition, this type of coolant is by far the cheapest, and therefore the most profitable. If you calculate all the costs as a whole, then the cost of stove heating, taking into account the time spent on it, will not be much lower at its price.

Radiator heating

You can, of course, talk about a radiator heating system in a general sense, like it’s convection heating from appliances distributed throughout the house and the like, but this is meaningless information, since everyone knows about it. Here it is important to highlight other factors, such as the number of pipes for the coolant, their location and the method of connecting heating devices to them.

Differences between single-pipe radiator circuits

Single-pipe heating system with natural circulation

Many people in private houses, especially small ones, prefer “one-pipe” and this is quite logical - installation is somewhat cheaper than for two-pipe wiring. Although it is cheaper only for small houses, for a large building this is already a controversial issue. The essence of the coolant movement here is as follows - it moves sequentially through all radiators, and having reached the last one, it returns to the boiler. In addition, such systems, compared to two-pipe systems, are easier to install, but this is only one side of the coin.

The fact is that the water, passing through each battery, becomes colder and colder, and often the very last device hardly heats up - it is almost impossible to correct this situation. The more points, the greater the cooling of the water, although this is somewhat compensated by the circulation pump, which does not allow the coolant to cool so quickly. For this reason, they try to make the plots as short as possible, in any case, a maximum of 30 m, and this is not always enough even for an average house. But, be that as it may, such systems “take place.”

Horizontal connection

Horizontal connection a) bottom; b) diagonal

The horizontal heating scheme in a private house is very convenient for one-story buildings, but here, in fact, there are three ways to install radiators. The two most popular are shown in the image above, that is, the pipe is laid near the floor, and radiators are connected to it using bends. This is the most effective way to save coolant energy for a horizontal connection, that is, with this method the water cools less and the last point is still hot, although, of course, not as hot as the first two or three.

In addition, pay attention to the diagonal connection, it depends on the direction of water movement, that is, first the top, then the bottom - this is how the heating devices warm up best, since the sections are filled evenly. That is, with sufficient pressure, the coolant does not immediately fall down the first section, but is distributed further - from the vertical pipe of the device down along the ribs. With a lower connection, the upper part of the radiator is often colder, since the water movement mainly occurs along the lower pipe of the device, only slightly affecting the upper zone of the ribs.

The principle of this system is “from radiator to radiator”

Also, for horizontal wiring, the principle “from radiator to radiator” is sometimes practiced. This is when the coolant, having passed through one radiator, immediately enters the next one, that is, such a circuit does not provide for a separate pipe, but is itself a highway. If one battery is removed, the entire system becomes inoperable because it interrupts the flow. Of course, there is no dispute, this is the most economical of all possible options, because it will require a minimum number of pipes to connect the points to each other. But the heat loss for remote points here is very strong and I myself had to deal with the fact that the owners asked to redo such a scheme.

Vertical layout

Vertical distribution of radiators in the heating system is necessary for several floors

This type of wiring, as in the diagram above, is used in multi-storey buildings and a striking example of this is “Stalinka”, “Khrushchev” and “Brezhnevka”. This principle was adopted by the owners of two-story private houses and it must be said that it works, if only because no one turns the flow of water instead of a pipe through their own battery. The connection in this case is very similar to the horizontal one, but without diagonals, that is, it is either bottom or side. This, of course, is a big drawback and most often it is necessary to install an additional circulation pump.

This additional draft is especially important when the house is divided into two wings - heating on the side of the boiler is normal, but in the wing next to it it is cold. But here you need to be careful - if the power of the circulation pump installed in the adjacent wing exceeds the power of the pump integrated into the boiler, then everything will be exactly the opposite. This means that the coolant will flow out to the adjacent wing, and the wing in which the boiler is installed will turn out to be cold. In addition, if there are a large number of radiators, balancing valves are installed on them, which allow the supply to be evenly distributed to all points. All these are the costs of “single-tube” devices, but, I repeat, people use them quite successfully.

Leningradka system

Leningradka wiring system

Firstly, “Leningradka” is not know-how, but an ordinary single-pipe system of a horizontal type, but without a circulation pump, but with a pipe slope, due to which circulation occurs. Secondly, such a layout does not allow more than three radiators and is only suitable for small houses, for example, a room-bedroom-kitchen, so there won’t even be enough left for a bath. If a circulation pump appears on the return, then do not be mistaken - this is no longer a “Leningrad”, but the most common single-pipe system with forced supply of coolant.

One-pipe wiring. Is it as cheap as it seems?

Two-pipe heating system

You need to figure out how to install heating in a private home yourself and do it correctly, that is, without errors during installation. If we combine all the methods of such wiring together, we can say that these are two pipes, where hot water is supplied through one, and through the other the cooled liquid flows into the boiler for further heating. Radiators are inserted between these two circuits; the coolant, having passed through each of them, is immediately discharged into the return line. In fact, the number of heating devices here is not limited and until the liquid in the pipe cools down due to the distance, all radiators under certain conditions will have an equal chance of temperature control.

Such systems can be either with natural or forced circulation and have three types of device connections:

1. Top connection.
2. Bottom connection.
3. Collector (radial) connection.

Top Wiring Systems

Top-mounted systems are more suitable for natural circulation

Numbering in the image:

1. Heating boiler.
2. Main riser.
3. Coolant supply wiring.
4. Supply risers.
5. Return risers.
6. Main return.
7. Expansion tank.

In the top image you see the installation of heating with overhead wiring - this design is visually familiar, perhaps, to every adult, and hardly anyone is delighted with the pipe running near the ceiling or directly above the radiators. But this is a forced, but unusually effective option for the natural circulation of coolant, which was practiced in those days when they did not even think about circulation pumps. This method is still practiced for solid fuel boilers in our time, because it is not always possible to install a pump for forced supply.

The essence of this method is as follows: water is heated in boiler No. 1 and, naturally, following the laws of physics, it expands, therefore, rises through the main riser No. 2. The coolant continues along inclined bed No. 3. The slope is 0.01%, that is, it is 10 mm per linear meter. From the sun lounger, hot water enters risers No. 4, where the radiators are embedded, and after passing through the radiator, the coolant is discharged first into return riser No. 5 (this is for several floors), and then enters the main return pipe No. 6. This is the end of the cycle - along a flat return line, where the same slope (10 mm per linear meter) water is again sent to the boiler for heating and the start of a new cycle. In case of overheating, which often happens in unregulated boilers, the coolant rises into the expansion tank without causing any harm to the system.

This wiring is very convenient; the radiators on it have a diagonal connection, therefore, they warm up completely, without “dead” zones. A natural circulation system is suitable for use in the private sector, but not only for one floor - it can be equipped with up to three floors, but then the boiler will have to be raised to the 2nd or 3rd floor. In this case, the height of the heater reduces the need for high pressure injection, therefore, the higher the boiler, the larger the area that can be heated.

Bottom-wired systems

Bottom wiring for forced coolant circulation

In this case, the principle of supply and discharge of coolant remains the same as with natural circulation, but the presence of a pump (integrated into the boiler or additional) allows the supply circuit to be mounted below. This makes it possible to use closed pipes - they are filled with screed, hidden under drywall or recessed in grooves under plaster. Most often in such cases, the bottom connection of radiators is used to minimize the visibility of the pipes, but this is not important - the connection can also be lateral or diagonal, depending on the need.

But if there are a lot of radiators, heat loss cannot be avoided in any case, since the circuit will have to be extended. That is, if the first points on a segment of ten meters heat up by 100% or a little less, then along the pipe the heating will still drop due to the distance. To some extent, these losses are compensated by a larger feed diameter, for example, if the bends are made PPR Ø 20 mm, then the contour itself is PPR 25 mm or even PPR 32 mm. But such a measure is only partial and cannot evenly distribute heat to all points. Therefore, balancing valves are installed on the first radiators - these are essentially shut-off valves, only more precise, regulating the flow of coolant.

A huge advantage in this case is that the contour does not need a slope - it is usually mounted along a horizontal line, and sometimes even with a counter-slope. Another very important point: if an additional circulation pump is to be inserted, then it is installed only on the return line - it works most effectively on suction, and not on push. An expansion tank is also installed in such systems, but of the membrane type - it serves as an auxiliary device for the integrated circulation pump, creating pressure. In case of overheating, the boiler has a safety group with a blast valve.

Systems with collector (beam) wiring

Manifold wiring of radiators in a private residential building

No matter how good a two-pipe heating system is, nevertheless, there will be heat loss even with a circulation pump - this mainly depends on the length of the circuit and the longer it is, the more losses the outer radiators suffer. Of course, the way out is mainly balancing valves, but setting them up is not so easy, especially for a person who has never worked with heating - too much time is spent on adjustment.

Therefore, in a large house where there are many heating devices, the method of collector or radial radiator wiring is sometimes used. This does not mean that each battery is connected separately from the collector - one comb channel usually works for a group of heating devices. In such cases, losses are minimal, although sometimes it is also necessary to use balancing valves. The main disadvantage of such a layout is the large number of pipes, and this is not only a financial, but also a technical problem - the more pipes, the more difficult it is to lay them, since everything needs to be disguised.

There is another wiring option, very similar to the lower one in technology, but differing in the connection order. You can watch it in the video below. This is Tichelman's scheme. I deliberately omitted its description, since it is much clearer in the video.

Three radiator wiring diagrams

Warm floor

The underfloor heating system is mainly a privilege of the private sector, since it requires exclusively autonomous heating. Of course, there are a few cases of residents of multi-storey buildings refusing the services of a centralized boiler house, but the red tape that lies behind all this does not in any way contribute to enthusiasm.

Laying a pipe with a single (left) and double (right) snake

First, let's look at the methods of laying the heating circuit of a heated floor and at the top you see a single (left) and double (right) snake. From the picture it immediately becomes clear that the first method is bad, since the heating of the floors will be uneven, and this is simply unpleasant for the feet, although the room can warm up completely. Double laying distributes heat evenly over the entire floor area.

Spiral pipe laying

Of course, in most cases, this is not a square, but a round figure, but the principle of laying does not change from this - first, towards the center, the feed is laid, and then returned to the starting point to the collector. This is the most effective method for installing a heated floor system and is used in approximately 80% of cases. A snake is most often needed in hard-to-reach places: under the stairs, behind the bar counter, and so on.

Mounting methods: on brackets (left), on clamps (right)

To fix both polyethylene and metal-plastic pipes so that they do not move out of place, use fastenings in the form of brackets or clamps, but at the same time adhere to a pitch of 200 mm with any laying configuration. Foil must be placed under the contour (most often it is 2-mm foam foil), and if necessary, the bottom screed is insulated).

Wiring of the heated floor system from the collectors

A pipe that is filled with a screed (polyethylene or foam) is never connected directly to the boiler, even if it is singular, but only through a manifold (in common parlance, a comb). This allows you to install a separate circuit in each room, although there are situations when two pipes are laid on the floor of one room at once - this measure is necessary for a large area. The supply from the boiler goes to the manifold and the return goes from it to the heater. There are combs with shut-off valves, and some without them, but in any case it is possible to regulate the temperature - either with a tap or with a temperature sensor.

If necessary, to avoid confusion in the pipes, several boxes with collectors are installed in different rooms - this is very convenient in terms of temperature control during operation. Such containers, of course, are best recessed into the wall, but outdoor installation is also allowed - technologically, the location does not matter, it is simply a matter of aesthetics. As a casing for such a niche, plumbers often use metal boxes for built-in electrical panels - they are very convenient and reliable to use, and do not require painting. If the house does not have radiator heating and a gas boiler is installed, then it is better to give preference to a condensing unit - it is more expensive than a convection unit, but the cost will more than pay off during operation.

Combined heating

Combined heating scheme - radiators and heated floors

Modern residential buildings in the private sector, which have two and sometimes three floors, are equipped with combined heating, where radiators operate from one boiler together with a heated floor system. This option is very convenient to use, that is, warm floors themselves are more profitable and convenient than radiators, but they cannot be installed in every room. But, be that as it may, this choice is a personal matter for everyone and the reasons in this case do not matter - the most important thing here is the balance between different temperatures in the circuits.

If a minimum coolant temperature of 60-80°C is required in the radiator circuit, then in a heated floor system it will be 30-50°C, respectively, and all this must be done using one boiler from one supply. To do this, a three-way valve and a bypass are installed in front of the heated floor circuit (see diagram above). The valve is set to the desired temperature, for example, 40°C. Water from the supply flows into the pipe onto the floor until it exceeds this mark. When this happens, the valve switches and discharges hot water through the bypass into the return line. As soon as the floor temperature drops by 1-2°C, the valve switches again and supplies coolant to the floor circuit.

Conclusion

You can see for yourself that if you figure out in detail how to make heating yourself in a private house, then the question becomes not so difficult - the main thing is to correctly understand the technology. Of course, for this you will have to re-read the article more than once, and then the question of technology will arise, but this, as they say, is a gainful matter.

(CO) future home. A huge amount of information is poured onto him from TV screens and advertising billboards about new heating methods, which are just marketing ploys of sellers. This publication will describe the working diagrams of heating systems in a private house, their pros and cons, and discuss issues of choice for a country house.

Varieties and methods

As you know, there are three main options for autonomous heating of your own home: water, air and electric systems. In practice, everything happens as follows:

• If the building is located near the gas main, then the issue, as a rule, is resolved in favor of water heating with the installation of a gas boiler unit.
• If it is not possible to connect gas, then most developers purchase solid fuel heat generators with a water circuit.
• If it is impossible to install gas, and a solid fuel boiler is unacceptable due to the low degree of automation, then, for the most part, the same water heating system is installed, but complete with an electric heater.

And only when, for some reason, these options are not suitable, the developer chooses electricity, and even more so air, as a coolant. Why do most people choose water CO at home? Because this is the most proven and effective technology for solving the issue. But the efficiency of water heating depends not only on high-quality materials and equipment with high efficiency. It is very important to choose the correct wiring option. The installation of a heating system in a private house requires the presence of a strictly defined layout and connection of pipelines, radiators and other equipment.

Mounting options

Today, experts distinguish between two technologies for creating CO:

• The scheme in a private house involves connecting all batteries (input and output) to one pipe, which is both supply and return.

This technique has been used since the beginning of the last century. Some experts believe that this technology gained popularity after the Great Patriotic War, as an alternative when there was a shortage of materials. Although many experts predicted its abandonment back in the 70s of the 20th century, it is successfully used today.

• In a private house, water enters the batteries through one pipe and returns to the boiler unit through another.

This technology is considered the most modern, thanks to which it is possible to significantly increase the efficiency of CO operation, but requires more complex installation and hydrodynamic calculations. Despite this, today almost all apartment buildings, office and public buildings are equipped with CO made using this technology.

The choice of a private house depends on many factors: the area and architecture of the premises, the number of floors of the building, the equipment involved in the CO.

Single-pipe

This water heating scheme is a closed loop, which includes a boiler unit, a main pipeline, heat exchange devices (radiators, registers), and an expansion tank. In gravitational COs, coolant circulation occurs due to the different densities of heated and cooled water.

The principle of operation of heating with natural movement of water in the circuit is as follows: The coolant heated in the boiler rises along the riser, in the upper part of which an expansion tank is installed. After this, the water enters the accelerator, thanks to which the pressure necessary for circulation is created.

This CO distribution is not intended for multi-storey buildings and single-storey houses with a large area.

Advice: Regardless of the presence and height of the accelerating manifold, for good circulation of the coolant, it is recommended to create a slope of the main pipeline of 5°; on the supply branch to the radiators; on the return line - towards the boiler unit.

With mechanical circulation of water, there is no need for an accelerating manifold; its function is performed by a circulation pump. It is mounted on the return circuit, directly next to the boiler plant.

The figure shows a version of a single-pipe CO with horizontal distribution and forced circulation. This scheme is successfully used for one-story buildings, with the number of radiators 5-7 pcs.

Vertical single-pipe CO with overhead wiring, designed for buildings with several floors, is quite popular. May have the following implementations:

To answer the question of which heating system is more effective: one-pipe or two-pipe, it is necessary to study them in detail.

Two-pipe version

The main design feature of heating a private house with this method of execution is that each of the radiators is connected to a different pipeline: supply and return. This is what, according to many “professionals,” significantly increases the cost of the heating system. In fact, this design allows you to save on the number of shaped products and on the diameter of the main pipelines.

There are several schemes for implementing two-pipe heating:

• Horizontal.
• Vertical, with top wiring.
• Vertical, with bottom coolant supply.

In turn, the horizontal two-pipe design can have three implementations:

A. Dead-end or oncoming.
V. Poputnaya.
C. With radial distribution or collector.

Figure A shows the difference between a one-pipe heating system and a two-pipe one, despite the similar horizontal implementation.

Structurally, the simplest horizontal two-pipe circuit looks like this: A coolant supply pipe departs from the heat generator, which goes into each radiator. The cooled coolant from the batteries is removed through the second pipe - the return pipe, which returns it to the boiler unit.

Water circulation is ensured by a circulation pump; the expansion tank compensates for the expansion of the coolant when it is heated; the safety valve provides protection against high pressure in the circuit; shut-off valves on radiators serve to dismantle the latter; an air vent is required at the top point of the circuit to prevent airing of the system.

Horizontal types of CO are relevant for one-story buildings. Each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages:

• Dead-end wiring has a small consumption of expensive pipe. The disadvantage is the large length of the contour.
• Along the way, adjusting the operation of the CO is easily realized. The disadvantage is the high consumption of material.
• In the manifold wiring, each heating device is connected to the boiler with its own pair of pipes, supply and return, which makes it easy to adjust the heating of a specific radiator. The disadvantage is the high consumption of pipes and their rather complicated installation.

Vertical two-pipe CO systems with lower and upper wiring have shown themselves to be excellent in two- to three-story private houses. With top distribution, the coolant rises through the supply pipeline to the highest point of the circuit, after which it is distributed along the return risers, passes through all radiators and returns to the boiler installation. The main advantage of the upper wiring is the creation of higher pressure in the circuit.

With vertical bottom wiring, the coolant is supplied from a line located under the floor of the lower floor or in the basement of the house. Next, the coolant moves along vertical risers and radiators installed on them. Rising to the highest point, the cooled water in the batteries flows through the return riser into the boiler unit. The advantage of this approach is the higher temperature of the coolant entering the radiators. The disadvantage is the possible airing of the circuit.

Choosing the best scheme for a private house

Now that we have a general idea about the types of heating and circuit connection options, it remains to decide what to choose, a single-pipe or two-pipe heating system?

There is an opinion that the former are more economical, easier to install and repair, and require fewer materials for sale. In fact, these advantages are quite controversial. For example, when such a CO operates, the end batteries on the branch receive coolant that has already cooled down in the previous ones. To maintain the required air temperature in the rooms located at the end of the circuit, it is necessary to increase the number of sections, and this is an additional cost. And all this against the background of the complete impossibility of automation, which will be responsible for maintaining the temperature balance necessary for comfortable living.

In a two-pipe system, the temperature of the coolant supplied to the batteries is the same, so there is no need to increase the number of sections of distant radiators in the circuit. The separation of the supply and return branches makes it possible to automate through the use of thermostatic valves.

Important! In fact, both one-pipe and two-pipe wiring have a right to exist. It should be understood that the choice is up to the developer, but only an experienced specialist will help you make the right choice of heating system for a private home.

Organizing heating with your own hands is a difficult task, but doable. This will require minimal knowledge of plumbing, as well as welding and construction skills. After all, to lay pipes you will have to make holes in the walls, and solder the pipes themselves. Otherwise, the main thing is to organize the process correctly!

Choosing a boiler for a heating system

The heating scheme does not depend on the type of boiler chosen, but it is a key element of the heating system in a private home. The cost of heating, boiler maintenance and time to refuel will depend on the correct choice.

Gas, solid fuel or electric?

The type of boiler depends on the availability of different types of fuel. Thus, installation of a gas boiler is possible only if there is a gas main and the house is connected to it. This will require additional costs and obtaining permits, and connecting the boiler to the heating system can only be done by a specialist. Such a boiler requires a ventilation and chimney system.

Solid fuel boilers guarantee complete autonomy from external factors. But at the same time you will have to organize a place to store fuel, and loading the boiler takes a lot of time. After all, even long-burning boilers need to be loaded once every 3 days. A chimney and ventilation are also needed.

The most inexpensive and easiest to use is electric. But electricity bills can scare off even very lazy owners. Such a boiler is suitable for a mild climate, a small house and, preferably, with solar panels and a wind turbine.

Single-circuit and double-circuit?

Double-circuit boilers perform two functions at once - they heat the room and heat the water. This is much more economical and does not require the installation of additional equipment. But in the summer, their use is unprofitable; the only solution is gas double-circuit boilers. They have the ability to turn off the heating circuit and operate only in DHW mode.

With solid fuel boilers, you can get out of the situation by closing the heating circuit using taps. This way, the heat will be spent only on heating water, which significantly reduces fuel consumption. The only inconvenience is that loading the boiler is necessary even in summer.

When using a single-circuit boiler, you will have to additionally install a boiler or a column, but in some cases this scheme will be more profitable. For example, if you also install an indirect heating boiler, in winter the water will still be heated by the boiler, saving electricity.

This difficult choice - radiators or heated floors

Another dilemma facing private home owners is the choice of heating method. After all, both radiators and heated floors have their advantages. For example, installing radiators is much simpler than installing a heated floor, but the latter is much better in terms of efficiency.

Cast iron, steel or aluminum radiators?

Considering the low pressure in the heating system of a private home, the choice of radiators is not limited in any way. Cast iron is durable, unpretentious to the quality of the coolant and pressure drops. But cast iron batteries cannot be used in systems with thermoregulation, because they heat up slowly and cool down just as slowly.

Aluminum radiators can be considered universal. Low price, fast heating and the ability to connect a thermostat make them very popular. But with increased alkalinity of water, there is a high chance of corrosion and leakage between sections.

The only disadvantage of steel batteries is their instability to water hammer, which does not occur in the system of a private house. At the same time, their low price, corrosion resistance and fast heat transfer make them ideal for autonomous heating.

Advantages and disadvantages of water heated floors

The complexity of laying a water-heated floor makes it practically impossible to install with your own hands. But as a separate heating element it is very convenient and relatively simple to implement. For example, in a bathroom, a heated floor will come in handy.

For such a solution, only collector wiring is suitable - the most technologically advanced, but also the most difficult to implement with your own hands. At the same time, heated floors may be contraindicated for health reasons, for example, with varicose veins. But for families with small children, heated floors are an ideal solution.

Heating schemes - single-pipe, two-pipe and collector

Scheme of a single-pipe heating system - economical, but inconvenient

A single-pipe heating system allows you to use the heating pipe as efficiently as possible - after all, only hot water flows around the entire perimeter. This option is suitable for small one-room cottages, because each subsequent radiator will be colder than the previous one.

In addition, you will have to install a pump that provides forced circulation of the coolant. And this makes the house dependent on electricity, even if the boiler runs on solid fuel.

Two-pipe scheme - ease of installation and ease of use

If the goal is to make the house completely autonomous, you can arrange heating with natural circulation. But to do this, you will have to lay pipes with a slope of at least 0.05% so that air bubbles enter the open expansion tank, and the coolant itself circulates better.

Along the riser, hot water rises to the required height on its own, and on the floor, the slope of the pipes should always be downward from the riser - this way the heated coolant will flow into the radiators, and the coolant from them, which has already cooled, will enter the boiler. For a two-story building, natural circulation is not always suitable, since the lower floors will always be colder than the upper ones.

The forced circulation scheme of a two-pipe system is much simpler. For organizing heating yourself, this is the best option, because the pipes can be laid from below along the wall and hidden in decorative panels. This will not require cutting walls or pouring floors over pipes.

Collector circuit - keeping up with progress

In this case, a collector is installed between the heating devices and the boiler. With its help, you can optimally distribute the coolant in each room depending on needs. But such a heating scheme is much more complicated and can only be implemented with your own hands if you have experience.

Another disadvantage is its high cost due to the large amount of material consumed. Pipes, manifold cabinets, pumps and filters are mandatory elements of a manifold heating circuit. But this allows you to combine different heating devices and very accurately regulate the temperature in the rooms.

DIY heating installation

After choosing a heating scheme, calculating the amount of materials and purchasing heating equipment, it is installed. The correct order should be followed:

Boiler installation;
connecting the pump and other measuring instruments near the boiler;
collector installation;
pipe routing;
installation of heated floors
installation of radiators;
connecting all heating devices and starting the system.

The boiler must be installed in a separate room with ventilation. The exception is electric boilers, which can be installed in residential premises, and gas boilers with a closed combustion chamber.

Wall-mounted models are attached to a special strip on the wall. It is prohibited to mount them directly on the wall. Floor-standing models are also installed on a stand - in the photo the solid fuel boiler is standing on a brick stand. The distances from walls and other objects specified in the passport must be observed, and the room itself is equipped in accordance with fire safety standards.

The circulation pump is connected after installing the boiler. If the selected model is equipped with an expansion tank and a safety group, there is no need to install them separately. Also at this stage, boilers and backup boilers are installed, if they are provided for in the scheme.

Pipe layout and installation of heated floors

If a manifold scheme is chosen, manifold cabinets are installed, and after that the heating pipes are routed and laid. Installing pipes along the walls can significantly simplify the organization of home heating with your own hands. But in this case, the consumption of materials increases.

Heated floors are installed in two ways - concreting or laying. In the first case, it will take up to 4 weeks for the concrete screed to dry, but the floor will warm up much faster.

It is much easier to use special plastic or wooden modules, but they are more expensive and the floors warm up more slowly. But in case of malfunctions, it is much easier to disassemble such floors.

The batteries are installed under each window opening, and the number of sections is calculated depending on the size of the room. Radiators are mounted on brackets that are leveled. It is important to maintain distances - at least 6-10 cm from the floor and window sill, about 5 cm from the wall.

Connection to the heating pipes is made after installing the battery on the brackets. The connection is made using adapters, so it is not necessary to adjust the wiring to the location of the holes. In addition, the supply elements to the radiators must have a slope of 0.5 cm towards the circulation for each meter of pipe. Otherwise, the accumulated air in the battery will have to be blown out manually.

Results

The simplest to implement is a two-pipe heating system with forced circulation and installed radiators. But still, for those who have never encountered the installation of a heating system and do not have construction skills, it is better to turn to specialists.

At the same time, do not forget to control the performers! Everything a novice “builder” needs to know to properly organize a heating system is described in the video:

The design and installation of a heating system in a house can be carried out in a variety of ways. Already at the stage of drawing up the project, you should choose the most optimal option, which will help bring all the owner’s ideas into reality, without going beyond the planned budget.

The most financially profitable option is a single-pipe heating system. Two-pipe heating wiring may be somewhat more expensive, but the efficiency of this method is much higher.

Popular heating wiring methods

A fireplace or stove is very often placed in the modern interior of a private house, but they most likely serve a decorative function, emphasizing the individual style of the house, since the main heating load falls on one or two circuit heating boilers. The operating principle of a single-circuit boiler is solely to provide heating for the house, while a double-circuit boiler, in addition to heating the house, can also work as water heating.

Regardless of the type of heating boiler, to set up an individual heating system, you can use either a single-pipe wiring diagram or a two-pipe one. Let's look at their main features and try to figure out what the advantages and disadvantages of each type are.

Single-pipe heating system

The principle of operation of such a system is very simple: when installing heating, only one pipe is installed, which creates a vicious circle. This system is connected to batteries from every room in the house.

There are two ways to set up such a system:

• horizontal;
• vertical.

The horizontal method of arranging a single-pipe heating system with bottom wiring is more popular, as it has a fairly simple design. A special feature is the special installation method, in which the installed pipes must have a slight slope so that the coolant can easily circulate throughout the entire system.

The nuances of installation using the horizontal method arise when heating is installed in a multi-storey building. Then, at the entrance to the initial section of the radiator, located on the ground floor, you need to install a valve, partially closing which you can create the necessary pressure for coolant circulation on the upper floors.

Attention ! When arranging the vertical distribution of heating pipes in a private house, it is very important to take into account the location of the risers. It should only be vertical, and the pipes should have a slightly larger diameter than when installed in a horizontal layout.

One of the advantages of a one-pipe heating system with bottom wiring is the absence of the need for a mandatory connection to a circular pump.

Advantages of single-pipe heating:

• good savings on materials, as fewer pipes are required;
• very simple and clear wiring diagram;
• clear calculation of hydraulic load on pipes.

But, unfortunately, despite all the positive aspects, they are completely negated by one minus. It consists of a significant loss of coolant temperature as it moves away from the heating boiler. This means that the radiators in the farthest rooms will be slightly warm.

This situation can be corrected in the following ways:

• increase the total number of sections in the radiator as it moves away from the boiler;
• install special thermostatic valves on the radiators that regulate the coolant supply pressure to each radiator;
• install a circular pump that will maintain the pressure at the required level and facilitate the correct distribution of the coolant throughout the network.

Single-pipe heating distribution in a private house will be optimal for arranging a heating system in a one-story private house with an area of ​​no more than 100 m², and no additional devices such as “warm floors” will be needed.

Two-pipe heating system

The main difference between this type of heating system arrangement and the previous one is that each battery is connected to the main pipe of both forward and reverse current. This feature approximately doubles the pipe consumption. But it is worth noting the positive aspects. The owner of the house can independently regulate the level of heat supply to each radiator. As a result, you can easily create a pleasant atmosphere in every room.

The arrangement of a two-pipe heating system provides for several different wiring methods. Let's look at each of them in more detail.

Vertical scheme with bottom wiring

The technological process of installing a two-pipe heating system with bottom wiring includes the following steps:

1. A main pipeline is installed along the floor of the first floor or basement, which originates from the heating boiler.
2. Vertical pipes are carried along the main pipe, which ensure the movement of coolant to the radiators in the rooms.
3. Each radiator must have a pipe installed for the return flow of cooled coolant into the heating boiler.

When designing a two-pipe heating system with bottom wiring, you must definitely think about how exactly the need for regular air outlet from the pipeline will be ensured. As a rule, this requirement is met by the installation of an air pipe, an expansion tank and the installation of Mayevsky taps on all batteries, which are located on the second and third floors of the building.

Vertical scheme with top wiring

This model provides that the coolant is supplied from the heating device to the attic through a pipeline. From there, the coolant flows through the risers to all the radiators of the house. And the already cooled water returns to the heating boiler through the main pipeline.

Attention ! In order to avoid air congestion in the system, it is important to periodically remove air. To do this, install a special expansion tank.

The presented method of arranging a heating system at home is in many ways more effective than the method with lower wiring, because much greater pressure is supplied through the risers.

Horizontal heating system

Arranging a horizontal heating system with forced circulation is a very popular way to heat a house.

When installing horizontal heating, several schemes are traditionally used:

1. Dead end. The advantage of this option is the economical consumption of pipes. The disadvantage is that the length of the circuit is very long and this makes it very difficult to regulate the operation of the entire system.
2. Associated movement of water. All circulation circuits are of equal length, and this helps to adjust the system easily and simply. The disadvantage of this heating layout for a private house is the high consumption of pipes, which, due to their cost, significantly increase the repair budget and also spoil the interior of the premises.
3. Collector or radial wiring of the heating system. Thanks to the fact that each battery is connected individually to the central heating distribution manifold, it is very easy to ensure uniform heat distribution. The disadvantage, as in the second case, is the very high consumption of materials. But all pipes are mounted into the wall, which does not spoil the interior of the room. Today, this heating distribution scheme for a private house is gaining popularity among developers.

When choosing a wiring diagram, it is important to take into account many factors: area of ​​the building, types of construction materials, etc.

The issue of replacing stove heating with a more modern one, sooner or later, has to be decided by the owner of a private house. It is clear that the task is very difficult for a non-professional, but doable. There are many specific subtleties in this work that only professionals in their field - designers and installers of heating systems - know about. We can't do it without their help. But if the owner of a private house wants to do the heating with his own hands, he can easily do some of the work himself. And entrust the important stages of work to professionals.

This article will give the novice home craftsman an idea of ​​what cycle of work needs to be done.

Heating options

First you need to choose a heating system. And there is plenty to choose from - there are several of them and They differ from each other by the type of coolant:

• Water heating system;
• Steam heating system;
• Air heating system;
• Electric heating system.

Let's look at each of them separately.

Water heating

It works on the principle of a closed loop of pipes containing hot water. The central element in this system is the boiler, where water is heated and distributed through pipes throughout the entire system (). Installed water heating radiators, through which the coolant passes, heat up and warm the rooms. The cooled water flows back into the boiler and the process repeats again.

All heating boilers fit into a similar scheme, but the most popular are economical gas boilers.

Important! Gas boilers require regular inspection and adjustment by gas company specialists.

Steam heating

Steam from heated water acts as a heat carrier. In the boiler, the water is heated to a boiling point and, in the form of steam, is distributed through the mains to the radiators. Cooling, the steam turns back into water and goes back through the pipes to the heating boiler.

There are two types of steam systems:

• Open;
• Closed.

In the first case, the system has a storage tank for condensate. And in the second, the condensate formed after cooling flows back into the boiler through pipes of increased diameter.

Steam heating is used mainly in industrial premises in large industries, where steam is needed for their own needs. For home use, steam heating has not become widespread due to the large areas for placing boiler equipment. And the steam boiler itself is quite difficult to operate, and due to the high steam temperature of 115°, it is also dangerous.

Air heating

In a finished residential building, it is almost impossible to deploy equipment with your own hands to organize air heating. Only at the stage of construction of a new house is it possible to install the entire system (). And this despite the fact that the principle of operation of such a system is quite simple.

A heat generator located at the lowest point of the steam heating system, for example in the basement, heats the air. And already heated, it disperses through the air ducts throughout the rooms of the house and exits through the grilles under the ceiling of the rooms. Warm air displaces cold air into return air ducts laid to the heat generator. That is, it turns out to be a closed cycle of work.

To improve performance, a fan is included in the heating system, which increases the air pressure in the air duct.

An example of the operation of air heating is shown in Fig:

The heat generator can operate autonomously on diesel fuel or kerosene. You can also use gas - both natural gas from the main gas pipeline and bottled gas.

To equip a private house with this type of heating, it is necessary to carry out design work. Specialists will calculate what material the air ducts will be made of (metal, plastic or textile), what size they will be, and build the correct topology of the heating network for the entire building.

Electric heating

Provided there is a constant power supply, electric converters, hanging infrared heaters, and an electrical “warm floor” system will help maintain heat in the house.

This system does an excellent job of heating the house, but high electricity bills make you think about the cost-effectiveness of this heating method.

But if you install it as a spare, in addition to the main one (for example, a gas boiler), then this heating method is quite in demand.

Mounted heating electric convectors have one feature - uneven heating of the room space. The lower zone at floor level is cold, and the upper zone under the ceiling is warm.

An electrical “warm floor” system will help correct the situation:

Heating system elements

The entire electrical heating system in a house can be compared to a person’s circulatory system. The heart is a boiler, from which heat is distributed through veins (pipes) to the heating elements throughout the house.

This is, of course, a figurative representation. In fact, there are many more elements that ensure the efficient operation of the entire electric heating system - from pipe connectors to expansion tanks.

Electric heating can be organized in different ways:

1. Forced water circulation;
2. Natural circulation of water.

A pump is included in the forced circulation system. But there is a small drawback - the pump requires electricity to operate. If it is turned off, the entire heating system will stop working.

Systems with natural circulation, in terms of independence from electricity, are more convenient. Water circulation occurs due to the fact that the water temperature at the outlet and inlet of the heating boiler is different. But in this case, pipes with different diameters are selected, and it is difficult to adjust. The advantage is that such a system does not depend on electricity.

Systems are also divided into open and closed.

In open electrical systems, an expansion tank is installed to relieve excess pressure. As a rule, this is the highest point of the system. To relieve pressure in closed systems, a closed-type membrane tank is installed. It is small-sized, sealed and can be mounted anywhere in the electrical system, which avoids the formation of air locks.

Calculation of the system and selection of boiler power

Of course, store managers can also select equipment. But there are two ways in which you can do this completely independently with your own hands.
A simple approximate method is used by equipment sellers: the area of ​​one room is multiplied by 100 W. By summing the obtained values ​​for all rooms, the required power of the heating devices is obtained.

1. If only one wall faces the street, the area is multiplied by 100 W;
2. For a corner room, the measured area is multiplied by 120 W;
3. If there are 2 external walls and two windows, the area of ​​the room is multiplied by 130 W.

For a more accurate calculation, use the formula:

W cat.=(S*W spec.):10
Where,

• S – room area;
• W beat – specific power of the heater used per 10 m² of room area.

W beat is selected depending on the region.

For example, if the area of ​​all heated premises is 100 m², with a specific power for the Moscow region of 1.2 kW, then the output for the boiler is: W = (100x1.2)/10 = 12 kilowatts.

Heat consumption for ventilation

The flow of fresh air is very important for comfortable living in the house. And therefore, when choosing a heating boiler, it is important to take into account the heat consumption for ventilation. Fresh air indoors is undoubtedly necessary, but the speed at which cold air flows inside the house is equally important. And the lower the speed of fresh air flows, the more comfortable the living conditions become.

Building codes specifically stipulate the presence of exhaust ventilation in the following premises:

• Baths;
• toilet;
• Kitchens.

And the flow of fresh air should be ensured by vents in the windows and supply valves in living rooms (Fig.):

Thus, the supply air is divided into three zones:

1. Air flow.
2. Air flow.
3. Air hoods.

When organizing any heating system, it is necessary to take into account the heat consumption not only for heating the house, but also for its ventilation. If the work is carried out according to the project, then it must include a calculation of heat loss due to the entry of cold air masses into the room.

Only after calculating the nominal air exchange in the house can conclusions be drawn about the final heat requirement for both heating the house and its ventilation.

Before choosing and buying a boiler for your heating system, You need to decide several parameters for yourself:

1. The most important thing is to purchase exactly the type of boiler that will effectively heat the entire house;
2. Choose a heating boiler that will constantly operate on the selected type of fuel;
3. And lastly, the boiler will only work for space heating or also heat water for everyday needs.

For reference! If the boiler operates primarily for heating, it is single-circuit, and if it also produces hot water, it is double-circuit.

Solid fuel boilers

It makes sense to opt for solid fuel heating boilers either if there is no way to connect to gas in the region or if there is fairly inexpensive coal or firewood.

You can install a solid fuel boiler with your own hands using solid fuel as a backup heat source. The cost of such boilers is relatively low, but The heating system will not work without:

• Expansion tank;
• Security groups;
• More reliable pipes and radiators.

This is due to the fact that boilers of this type operate at higher temperatures.

Such boilers are very reliable if a number of conditions are met:

1. The fuel for the boiler must be consistent in both quality and humidity.
2. Mandatory daily cleaning of the solid fuel boiler.

Gas boilers

The most popular, if connected to gas mains, are gas boilers (). Its main advantage is that, despite its simplicity, it is also easy to use. Most modern models of gas boilers are also equipped with a thermostat. And this is very convenient - you select the desired temperature for your home, and the device will automatically maintain comfortable warmth throughout the entire house.

Gas heating boilers have a wide range of prices to choose from.

The price is affected by:

• Manufacturer;
• Power;
• Boiler type.

But the big advantage of boilers of this type is that they already come complete with a circulation pump and an expansion tank.

And the material from which gas heating pipes and radiators are made is completely different and much cheaper than, for example, for boilers running on solid fuel (coal, etc.).

Electric boilers

This is the most expensive way to heat a house ().

But! Electric heating boilers have some advantages:

1. Wide choice of power – from 2 to 40 kW;
2. Stability in work;
3. Do not pollute the atmosphere in the house;
4. Very easy to use;
5. Built-in circulation pump;
6. Supplied with expansion tank and temperature sensor;
7. They are reliable in operation;
8. Inexpensive repairs and maintenance.

Electric boilers are comparable in price to gas boilers.

Liquid fuel boilers

Most consumers have no idea that traditional liquid fuel heating boilers now have the opportunity to work not only on diesel fuel, but also:

• Kerosene;
• Light grades of oil;
• Used oils (including synthetic origin);
• Fuel oil.

It is enough to change the burners for the desired type of fuel.

For reference! There are universal liquid fuel boilers without burners on sale. The consumer has the opportunity to choose a burner for diesel fuel or gas independently.

But when using liquid fuel heating boilers, it is necessary to take into account a number of features:

1. Compared to gas boilers, fuel costs will increase significantly.
2. Equipment purchase and installation costs are higher than other types of heating.
3. On the site near the house it is necessary to leave space for the installation of a large tank for storing fuel reserves.
4. To prevent the specific smell of diesel fuel and the noise from the operation of burners from spreading into the living areas of the house, it is better to install heating equipment in a separate building.
5. Since the burner requires the operation of automation and pumps powered by electricity, to ensure uninterrupted operation, install a backup generator.
6. For stable operation of liquid fuel boilers, only good quality fuel is required.

For convenience, the table combines the estimated characteristics of heating boilers using different types of fuel:

Heating system diagrams

A water heating system can be organized into two types:

• Single-circuit;
• Double circuit.

And according to the principle of movement of the system there are:

1. Single-pipe;
2. Double-pipe;
3. Collector;
4. Leningradskaya.

Single-pipe

A single-pipe heating system is installed sequentially - one radiator after another. From the diagram, a significant drawback of this system is immediately noticeable. The coolant, moving from one radiator to another, begins to cool. With a less intensive circulation of water in distant radiators, it not only gives up all the remaining temperature to the metal, but also slowly enters the return line.

Thus, if the number of radiators for heating is too large, then the last radiator may be completely cold.

In addition, such a heating system is not practical to repair. To repair one radiator, you have to stop all heating in a private house.

Conclusion! In single-pipe heating systems, it is impossible to extend the circuit indefinitely.

Two-pipe

In a two-pipe heating system, maintenance is much simpler. Hot water is supplied to the radiator through one pipeline, and through another pipe (waste water) it flows back into the boiler. The radiators in this circuit are connected in parallel.

For ease of operation and repair, each pipe is mounted with a shut-off valve. Here, too, the water at the last radiator in the system will be colder, but significantly hotter than in a single-pipe system.

Collector

The figure shows that the supply and return systems for each heating radiator are organized independently of each other. A significant advantage in such a system is the ability to coordinate the temperature in any room separately. It is also very convenient to repair any section of the pipeline and each radiator separately.

Today, all experts recognize the collector heating system as the most progressive.

But there are also disadvantages:

• Requires installation of a manifold cabinet;
• Pipe consumption during installation of a heating system is sensitive to estimates.

Leningradskaya

A more advanced, single-pipe system, which, combined with ease of installation and low cost, is still very popular.

Despite the fact that the Leningrad heating system began to be introduced many years ago, it is still successfully used in the construction of multi-story buildings. This system has a main feature – simplicity. To construct such a system, you can have a minimum of knowledge and get by with a minimum amount of materials than in two-pipe systems. In addition, such a system has the ability to control each radiator in the system.

System installation

Once the choice of heating system has been made, the most correct step would be to contact the design office. Having a work project and drawings in hand, you can purchase and store the necessary materials, monitoring and control devices, and components.

Installation begins with choosing the location for installing the heating boiler. If combustion products are released during boiler operation, the optimal solution would be to build a separate boiler room. You can place the boiler room in the basement, provided there is good ventilation and sound insulation.

The boiler itself is installed at such a distance from the walls that it is always easily accessible for maintenance.

The covering of the floor and walls near the heating boiler must be made of fire-resistant materials. A chimney system is installed from the boiler to the street.

The following steps for installing the heating system will be carried out according to the project:

• Installation of a circulation pump;
• Distribution manifold unit;
• Measuring instruments;
• Manual or automatic adjustment devices.

After completing the installation of the boiler, they proceed to work on the installation of main pipelines, according to the selected heating scheme, to the places where the radiators will be installed. In residential buildings, you will have to make passages for pipelines in the walls and partitions. Based on the selected material, the pipes are connected to each other by previously prepared elements.

Installation work is completed with the installation of radiators. Typically, the following conditions are adhered to during installation:

1. Distance from the floor – 12 cm;
2. Distance from walls – up to 5 cm.

Shut-off valves, temperature sensors and other adjusting elements are installed on the pipes at the inlet and outlet of radiators.

The installation work is completed by pressure testing of the entire system.

Boiler connection

Connecting the installed boiler to the heating system according to the following diagram:

1. The pipe system laid throughout the house is connected to the terminals on the boiler.
2. As a rule, shut-off valves that cut off from the general system are installed at the joints.
3. To operate electrical appliances, wires and a ground loop are connected.
4. Installation of safety valves, thermostats and other devices (installed before installing shut-off valves).
5. For gas heating boilers - connection to the gas pipeline.
6. Filling the heating system with water.
7. Pressure testing of the system with high pressure. At the same time, leaks in the system are identified and eliminated.
8. Relieving pressure in pipes to operating level.

Important! When starting a gas boiler for the first time, the presence of a representative of the gas company is required.

The modern building materials market offers a large selection of pipes from a variety of materials for the installation of a heating system.

Of course, with sufficient welding skills, you can opt for the usual steel pipes. But why doom yourself in advance to guaranteed system repairs due to the fact that the pipes will be susceptible to corrosion?

If there is a desire to use either copper or stainless steel pipes, then it can only be approved if the owner is not limited in financial resources and is not afraid of certain installation difficulties. Such pipes are the most expensive, but they are not afraid of high pressure and high temperature.

The most inexpensive option is polypropylene pipes. But we must take into account that the connection points with the fittings are made by soldering and if the heating of the connection is insufficient, this place will definitely leak. And if overheated, the internal section may overlap with molten material.

Recently, polyethylene or metal-plastic pipes have become very popular. Installation is quite simple, provided that the joints are made using pressed fittings. They can be laid under poured floors when installing a “warm floor” system.

With a large selection of modern radiators, it is at least not rational to opt for traditional cast iron ones (). Due to low thermal conductivity, they have lost their former popularity.

Aluminum radiators

In addition to high heat transfer, aluminum radiators are very lightweight.

Due to the fact that they have a variety of center distances (350-500mm), the installation of a heating system is greatly facilitated. Aluminum radiators have a number of advantages that distinguish them from other heating devices:

• High heat transfer;
• Low weight of the structure;
• High working pressure (18 atm.);
• Beautiful design.

Bimetallic radiators

Systems of this type combine the advantages of both sectional (made of aluminum alloys) and tubular (made of steel):

• Increased strength (up to 40 atmospheres);
• Long service life (up to 20 years);
• Beautiful design;
• High level of heat transfer.

Steel panel radiators

The main advantage of steel radiators is their quick response to changes in coolant temperature.

They heat up instantly and also cool down quickly. Such properties significantly affect energy saving.

The large area of ​​stamped steel panels has a positive effect on high heat transfer, and the presence of a ribbed surface increases the area of ​​the heating device. Such qualities increase comfort and heating efficiency.

Selection by power and methods of connecting radiators

The decision to completely replace the heating system has been finally made. The main elements of the system have been selected, the only question left to solve is: how much power can the radiators themselves produce?

It is this indicator that is actually the most important in determining the properties of the heating system.
Let's take, for example, a room with an area of ​​10 m² with a ceiling height of 3 m. The volume of the room is correspondingly 10x3 = 30 m³.

But this indicator does not fully describe the characteristics of the radiator. It is known from the standards that to heat 1 m³ of a room, a heating radiator with an output power of at least 40 watts is required.

The result is: 30x40 = 1200 W.

For insurance, you can add 15-20%. This is exactly the amount of heat needed to heat such a room. As you can see, the calculations are quite simple and you can do them yourself before going to the store.

When we figured out the power of the radiator, it remains to choose the method of connecting it to the main line, which is done in several ways, as in the figure:

Lateral connection of heating batteries is used when installing to risers. If the main pipes are laid under the floor covering or at floor level - diagonal.

The figure shows that these two connection methods allow the entire surface of the battery to be used as productively as possible.

The lower versatile connection method also finds its supporters. The figure shows that with this direction of hot water it is impossible to effectively heat the entire space of the radiator.

Errors during installation

Shortcomings and errors in installation work are not uncommon. Their description is a topic for a separate article, but the most common ones can be identified:

• Incorrect selection of heat source;
• Any defects in the boiler circuit;
• Incorrectly selected heating system;
• Negligent attitude of installers.

Choosing a boiler with insufficient power is the most common mistake.

The desire to save on the cost of the boiler, but at the same time power not only the heating system, but also organize the supply of hot water, will lead to the fact that the heat generator will not be able to provide the house with enough heat.

All elements and devices in the boiler piping must be installed according to their functional properties. For example, it is recommended to insert a pump specifically on return pipeline lines and do not forget to take into account the horizontal position of the pump shaft.

If the heating system is incorrectly selected, there is a risk of additional alterations. So, if you “hang” more than five radiators on a one-pipe system, most often the rest will not heat at all.

Examples of shortcomings in do-it-yourself installation include poorly placed slopes, unwelded connections, or installation of incorrectly selected shut-off valves.

For example, if you confuse the installation locations of the valves on the pipes in front of the entrance (ordinary tap) and at the outlet of the radiator (water supply control tap). It also happens that the installation of pipes in the floor occurs without mandatory insulation, so that the water does not cool down on the way to the radiator. I had to change the heating system at the dacha - old cast-iron radiators and a Soviet boiler, for which parts could not be found even during the day with fire. But when we found out the cost of services for replacing and modernizing thermal communications, we were in great shock. In the end, we decided to do everything ourselves - albeit not so quickly, but you can save a good penny. Fortunately, we found this article, where all stages of the work are described in great detail and with examples, with many photographs explaining it. I especially liked the section “Errors during editing” - we learned a lot of useful things from the “what not to do” category, otherwise we would have spent more time, nerves and money on redoing it.

Thanks to the author for the detailed article. It can be safely used as a scientific guide when independently installing a heating system in your home. Thanks also for the many recommendations. They will help, especially for beginners. And on my own behalf I will add that, in my opinion, the most optimal option among those proposed is to install a gas boiler. After all, judge for yourself: it is relatively cheap, familiar and practical. However, the author or anyone else may disagree with me. I'll be looking forward to other people's opinions on this.

Two years ago we just installed heating in the house. So as not to be dependent on the stove, otherwise this fumes and smoke get boring, to be honest. Our specialists and I installed water heating. Quite practical and power is not lost or dissipated. The water is simply heated by the boiler and it is distributed through pipes that are located around the house, such as a battery. And they are already heating the house. For us personally, this method seemed the simplest and most optimal.

A question arose about replacing the heating in a private house, so we decided to throw out the Soviet batteries and boiler and replace it with a new one. The prices are of course terrible, the prices are terrible. So I started searching on the Internet for how to do everything correctly, fortunately I came across you and received information on installing and assembling the system. Everything is explained in detail and it was easy to understand. After reading it, it became more profitable for me to do it myself than to overpay 10 times more to some smart guy who can do the same thing as me.