Late Empire of Ancient Rome presentation. Presentation on the topic "Ancient Rome". Roman military camp

Ancient Rome

Founding of Rome

Founding of Rome

Founding of Rome

Founding of Rome

Royal period of Roman history (753-509 BC)

Royal period of Roman history

Roman Republic:

Roman Republic:

Dictator - leader of the people

Supreme power

Patricians and plebeians

Ancient Roman people

Daily life of the Romans

Roman forum

Trade in Ancient Rome

Roman baths

Roman aqueduct

Roman fashion

Great Circus

Roman Coliseum

The Colosseum means “huge” in Roman. The Flavian Amphitheater was built under Emperor Vespasian. The amphitheater in ancient times was 5

Roman warfare

Roman conquests

Roman conquests

ARMY ORGANIZATION

ARMY ORGANIZATION

The structure of the Roman army of the V-II centuries BC.

Weapons and equipment

ARMAMENT OF THE ROMANS

The Roman infantry was divided into several units. The basis of the army was the legion, usually consisting of five thousand soldiers. The legion was divided into 10 cohorts,

Roman military camp

Army on the march

Tactics. The Art of the Commander

Legion in battle

Assault and siege of fortresses

Roman fleet

Roman ships

Battle tactics

FILM FRAGMENT

Dictionary

Dictionary

INFORMATION SOURCES

Civil war Sulla (13878 BC) Title of dictator Introduction of proscriptions (list of executions) Strengthening the role of the army Gaius Marius 157 BC e 86 BC e., -strengthening the army Armament at the expense of the state -contract army service 16 years -payment for service -

At the Forum, signs were posted with the names of those who should have been eliminated; initially they were Sulla’s personal enemies, but then the list began to be replenished with rich Romans who were far from politics. However, it cannot be ruled out that sources may not be aware of the real reason behind the inclusion of seemingly random individuals on the lists. The tablets also contained the rationale for the proscriptions and legally established their various aspects. Thus, the murderer of the proscribed man, who brought Sulla’s head as evidence, received two talents (40 kg) of silver, and if the murderer was a slave, then he received freedom. The informers also received gifts. Death awaited those who sheltered those on the lists. The sons and grandsons of those convicted were deprived of their citizenship, and the property of those convicted was subject to confiscation in favor of the state. Many of Sulla's associates (for example, Pompey, Crassus, Lucullus) made enormous wealth from property sales and from the inclusion of rich people in proscriptions. Crassus, however, was subsequently removed from proscription due to the inclusion of a person in the proscription lists without the consent of Sulla

At that time, the future permanent dictator Gaius Julius Caesar was under threat of death, but his influential relatives managed to persuade Sulla to spare him. According to Plutarch, Sulla said about Caesar to his comrades: “You understand nothing if you do not see that there are many Marius in this boy.” Suetonius recorded a similar version: “Sulla surrendered, but exclaimed, obeying either divine inspiration or his own instinct: Your victory, take it! but know: the one whose salvation you are trying so hard for will someday become destruction for the cause of the optimates, which you and I defended: in one Caesar there are many Maries hidden!

Reign of Caesar CAESAR Gaius Julius (July 13, 100 BC – March 15, 44 BC), Roman politician and commander;. Began political activity as a supporter of the republic in 49 BC. e., relying on the army, began the struggle for autocracy. Having defeated Pompey and his supporters in BC. e. (Crassus died in 53 BC), found himself at the head of the state. Having concentrated in his hands a number of the most important republican positions (dictator, consul, etc.), he actually became a monarch. Killed as a result of a conspiracy on March 15, 1944

Marcus Ulpius Trajan - the best emperor - campaign against the Dacians - annexation of Armenia and Mesopotamia - a fund to help the poor was created - obliged senators to invest money in the country's economy - strengthening borders - strict implementation of laws (lawyer Papinion)

Caracalla

Soldier Emperor - Diocletian 284 - 305 -Tetrarchy (divided Rome into 4 parts) -Divided the army into court and main -construction -high taxes “Table of Ranks” voluntary renunciation of power (grew cabbage)

Early Empire 3rd century AD e. – Systemic crisis of the empire. External danger. Reduction of slaves. Impoverishment of farmers - Colons (for life). Slave revolts. Reduced trade. Increase in taxes. "Soldier" emperors. In the army they are provincials. Lack of funds for maintenance. Provinces are trying to break free from Roman control

Late Empire. Konstantin Mr. Roman emperor from 306. Consistently centralized the state apparatus, supported the Christian church, while also preserving pagan cults. In founded the new capital Constantinople Introduced registration at the place of birth 313 - Ediolan Edict - religious tolerance. Arianism: God the Son is not equal, but “similar” to God the Father. 325 – Council of Nicaea - Creed (code of dogma), condemnation of Arianism. 330 - Capital in Constantinople. Columns to the ground. 395 – Division into Western and Eastern Empires.

Late Empire IV – V centuries. The Great Migration of Peoples. The main enemies are the Germans (Goths, Vandals) and the Huns. 378 - The Goths defeated the Roman army. 408, 410 - Alaric to Rome. Ransom. Liberation of 40 thousand slaves. Again, fall, ruin. 451 – Catalunian fields. Huns. Death of Attila. But: 476 - Odoacer overthrew Romulus Augustus. Imperial regalia to Constantinople. Romulus Augustus presents the crown to Odoacer

Ancient Rome is one of the leading civilizations Ancient world and antiquity, got its name from the main city (Roma), in turn named after the legendary founder - Romulus.

Slide 2

The center of Rome developed within a swampy plain, limited

• Capitol,
• Palatine
• Quirinal.

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Slide 1

ANCIENT ROME
MBOU "Lyceum No. 12", Novosibirsk, teacher of the VKK Stadnichuk T.M.

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FOUNDING OF ROME
The most ambitious attempt in the history of the ancient world to create a vast, efficiently governed empire was undertaken by Rome. According to legend, the city of Rome was founded in 753 BC. three Latin tribes who lived in the area of ​​the Tiber River.

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FOUNDING OF ROME
The history of Ancient Rome ends the era of the Ancient World, which lasted more than 13 centuries. Periodization of Roman history: 753 – 509. BC. - Royal Rome. 510 BC - With. III century BC - Early Republic. With. III century BC – 30 BC - Late Republic. 30 BC – 284 – Early Empire. 284 g – 456 g – Late Empire.

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FOUNDING OF ROME
Initially, the social life of Rome, as in Athens, was built on the basis of tribal traditions. The Senate, the highest governing body, consisted of 100 people, the elders of the clans who founded the city. The People's Assembly - the election of the king, the most important issues. The decision is in the form of an oath. The king is the elected supreme ruler, must rule in accordance with tradition and the will of the Senate.

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FOUNDING OF ROME
PATRICIA - descendants of the founders of Rome, they owned lands adjacent to the city, which were cultivated by individual families.
PLEBEians - newcomers, members of other tribes who settled in Rome. They were free, received a small plot of land, but remained without full rights

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FOUNDING OF ROME
According to legend, the first king of Rome was Romulus, after him six more kings ruled in Rome. From 616 BC People from the noble Etruscan family of the Tarquins were elected kings, which indicates Rome’s dependence on the Etruscans.
In the middle of the 6th century. King Servius Tullius ruled in Rome. He carried out reforms similar to those of Solon in Athens. They dealt a serious blow to the privileges of the clan nobility. The plebeians received a share civil rights. The formation of the Roman city-state began - CIVITAS

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FOUNDING OF ROME
The tyrannical nature of the reign of the new king Tarquin the Proud, who canceled the reforms carried out, aroused the wrath of the Senate. In 509 BC. he was expelled. A republic was established in Rome.

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FOUNDING OF ROME
A republic (Latin for “common cause”) in ancient Rome was a form of government in which the free inhabitants of the city, constituting the civil community, elected the officials of the republic. Comitia - popular assemblies, the highest political power Senate - a council of elders, which included only representatives of 300 patrician families Two consuls - had the highest military and civil power, were elected for a year The dictator was elected in wartime (in emergency circumstances) for a limited period, had completeness powers Two praetors had judicial power
ROMAN CONSUL

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FOUNDING OF ROME
During this period, there was a fierce struggle among the plebeians for full civil rights. In the fight against the patricians, they managed to achieve the right to elect tribunes of the people to defend their interests before the Senate. The tribunes of the people could impose a ban on the decisions of the Senate. Plebeians gained access to all magistracy. The decisions of the assembly of the plebs began to have the force of law.

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FOUNDING OF ROME
fencing. Three times a month forced marches of 30 km - 6-8 km/h. Training in the construction and dismantling of a military camp. Physical punishment. Decimation - execution of every 10th person by lot.
Reduced diet for disobedience. Rich citizens served in the cavalry, poor citizens in the infantry.

Army organization: Conscript – Roman 17 – 46 years old, property owner. Service life 20-25 years. Daily: swimming, running, jumping, dart throwing and

FOUNDING OF ROME
In 451-450 BC. In Rome, for the first time, uniform laws were adopted for all - the Laws of the XII Tables. From 445 BC e. Marriages between patricians and plebeians were allowed. Another century later, plebeians were given access to elected positions, including consular ones.
The changes that took place meant that in the 5th century. BC. in Rome, as in Athens, there was new system a social organization in which citizenship was more important than tribal ties.

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The need for new territories: additional labor, processes of landlessness among peasants, population growth. Soon the Roman primacy was recognized by the Greek colonies in Southern Italy and Sicily. And by 265 BC. the entire Apennine Peninsula was in the hands of Rome.

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ESTABLISHING DOMINANCE OVER THE MEDITERRANEAN
After the subjugation of the entire Apennine Peninsula, the Mediterranean became the area of ​​interest of the Roman state. Here it collided with the powerful Carthage, the Syrian kingdom, Macedonia and the Egyptian power of the Ptolemies.
264-146 BC e. - Punic Wars. Hannibal. 216 BC e. – Battle of Cannae 146 BC. e. - Carthage is destroyed. Dominance in the Western Mediterranean.

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ESTABLISHING DOMINANCE OVER THE MEDITERRANEAN
The Romans turned their aspirations to the East. As a result of the Macedonian wars, by the middle of the 2nd century. BC e. Macedonia and Greece were annexed to Rome. In the middle of the 1st century. BC. Syria became a Roman province, and in 30 BC. The last Mediterranean state was conquered - Egypt. The Mediterranean Sea became Rome's inland sea.

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CRISIS OF THE ROMAN REPUBLIC
The influx of wealth from conquered lands, the increase in income from trade, the increase in the number of slaves - all this gave rise to many problems in Rome itself.
Ruin of small holders land plots
The number of people conscripted for military service decreased
Weakening of the army.

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CRISIS OF THE ROMAN REPUBLIC
An attempt to overcome the crisis was the democratic reform movement, led by the Gracchi brothers, to set a limit on the size of land holdings for patricians, and transfer the surplus on an equal basis to the poor. As a result, the reforms failed, and the impoverishment of the Roman peasantry continued.

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CRISIS OF THE ROMAN REPUBLIC
A major problem was the significantly increased number of slaves. Some of them were used as servants in the families of noble Romans, but mostly slaves were used on plantations; they were completely powerless and subjected to cruel treatment.

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CRISIS OF THE ROMAN REPUBLIC
In 136-132 BC. A powerful slave uprising took place in Sicily. The largest slave revolt in Roman history was led by Spartacus (74-71 BC). Beginning at a gladiator school near Capua, it soon spread to most of Italy. The Romans barely managed to defeat the army of slaves.

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CRISIS OF THE ROMAN REPUBLIC
To replenish the troops, commanders had to hire poor people who had not previously been accepted for military service. At the end of the 2nd - beginning of the 1st century BC. e. The Roman army consisted mainly of mercenaries, ready to serve whoever paid them more generously.

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CRISIS OF THE ROMAN REPUBLIC
The conflict with the allied cities of Italy led in 90-88. BC. to civil war. Rome could not cope with the uprising; it had to make concessions. All residents of Italian cities are Roman citizens. Continuous conquests enriched the ruling strata of Roman society, but led to the impoverishment of the provincials. The police authorities turned out to be unadapted to the new conditions. and real power rests with the commanders who seek sole leadership.
Events of the end of the 2nd - beginning of the 1st century. BC. in Rome and its possessions = crisis of the Roman Republic.

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THE RISE OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE
Only commanders who were popular among the army could lay claim to the role of rulers of Rome. Attempts to establish dynastic rule were made repeatedly.
SULLA LUCIUS CORNELIUS
The first dictator in Rome was Sulla. After his death and civil strife, power passed into the hands of a triumvirate (60 BC) - Caesar, Pompey and Crassus.

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THE RISE OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE
Gaius Julius Caesar became governor of Gaul, which had yet to be conquered. Having shown himself to be a brilliant commander, he subjugated Britain. The Rhine became the border of Rome's possessions in the north. In 49 BC. Caesar captured Rome and achieved victory in the ensuing civil war and was proclaimed dictator for life. But in 44 BC. he was killed by supporters of the republic.

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THE RISE OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE
The rivalry between them led to a new civil war. In 30 BC. new ruler of Rome
became Octavian. After the conquest of Egypt, he received from the Senate the honorary title Augustus (divine), and full power for 44 years. Became Emperor Caesar Augustus. The territory of the Roman state was called the Roman Empire.

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THE RISE OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE
Formally, the republican order was preserved, but the functions of the Senate were increasingly limited to the head of the empire. The emperor - priceps - concentrated the highest civil and military power in his hands and ruled with the help of a bureaucratic apparatus subordinate to him.
Principate is a monarchy, which was given the appearance of a republic.

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THE RISE OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE
During the reign of Augustus's heirs, the harmful aspects of autocracy were revealed - despotism, arbitrariness, bloody rivalry. The Roman Senate turned into a “body of conciliation”; the Roman aristocracy preferred
idle leisure In the public service, wealth became the main value in the eyes of society. The worst times were considered the reign of Tiberius, Caligula, and Nero.
NERO, ANCIENT ROMAN EMPEROR (54-68).

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THE RISE OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE
Protests against tyranny took the only possible form of military coups. As a result, the most successful commanders came to power and sought to found their own dynasties.