Wooden staircase with winder steps. Do-it-yourself L-shaped staircase - how to make a corner staircase Designing a staircase with winder steps

When constructing private houses, many are faced with the need to install stairs to the second floor. However, how to place such a large interior element if there is a shortage of free space in the living space? In this case, one of the best options would be a turning staircase with winder steps. In this design, the length of the straight structure is divided into several parts, due to which space is saved. The transition between marches is winder steps. The design of such a staircase is a little more complicated, but compactness is achieved and space is gained.

Safety requirements

The main task is to build a structure that can be used without fear for your health. It must be strong and reliable. It is necessary to think about this even at the design and drawing stage.

To properly carry out this process, the following nuances should be taken into account:

• In the largest setting, the width of the step should not exceed 400 mm, and in the smallest setting – 100 mm. If this requirement is not met, then it will be impossible to achieve comfort in the operation of the building.

• In areas where the staircase has a straight structure, all steps should be the same width and length.

• The optimal height of steps according to all regulatory documents is 120-220 mm. With lower values, the user will constantly trip over them. The protrusion of each step should not exceed 40 mm.

• When constructing a U-shaped staircase with a 180 turn, it is necessary to correctly organize the distance between flights. It must be at least one quarter of the width of the step.

• The distance from the flight directly to the top of the floor is usually at least 2 m. Otherwise, it will be quite difficult to equip a staircase with rotating elements.

Types of turning stairs

It is preferable to use such stairs in cases where there is a shortage of space and single-flight structures on bowstrings do not fit. For the same reason, as well as the structure of the structure itself, it is intended to be placed against a wall, ideally in a corner.

Turning stairs are divided into several types, mainly based on the angle of rotation. Turns can be arranged at any level of the staircase structure. Preference is given to the lower part. With this layout, the turn remains almost imperceptible for a person walking along the stairs. Another advantage is safety.

L-shaped

One of the most common models is the L-shaped rotary staircase. The structure is rotated by 90. This form is suitable for its installation in the corner part of the room. A staircase with a 90-degree turn combines a spiral and a marching model. Often contains winder steps in its structure. Their shape and size differ significantly from the straight steps that are used to construct straight flights.

The advantages of a staircase with winder steps and a 90-degree rotation angle include:

• versatility and wide range of its applications;
• ease of use;
• fairly simple installation;
• the ability to use the space under the stairs;
• give the building any design design.

C-shaped

This staircase consists of several parts, which together resemble the letter C. Usually its formation is carried out not in two, but in three marches. The design combines the advantages of both spiral and straight staircases.

U-shaped

A very interesting option for a rotating staircase is a design with a 180 turn. The U-shaped structure allows you to change the direction of movement in the absolutely opposite direction without taking up much space. Such models are almost close to the screw variants, retaining marches in their structure.

In its structure, the U-shaped design is in many ways reminiscent of a 90-degree rotary staircase, but the alternation of rotary and ordinary elements is carried out in several segments:

• the beginning of the ascent to the second floor is carried out along straight steps;
• at the next level the turning platform begins (in this case, the winder steps);
• in the last segment the ascent is carried out in straight steps on the march.

The advantages of stairs with winder steps turning 180 degrees are:

• attractive and aesthetic appearance;
• the ability to install in any part of the room;
• the designs are easy to use;
• have a high degree of strength and reliability.

Construction [step by step instructions]

Reliability, strength and beautiful design of a staircase with winder steps can only be ensured if it is designed correctly. For those who have the slightest skills in technical calculations, performing them will not be difficult. Before starting work, a project must be drawn up.

Tools and materials

The primary task in the manufacture of stairs with winder steps is the acquisition of high-quality wood. Many experts recommend using dark oak material, but its cost is high. A more accessible material is maple - it is cheaper and is available for sale in certain quantities.

In addition to the material from which the stairs will be made, you also need to prepare tools. Their list includes:

• jigsaw;
• drill;
• screwdriver;
• yardstick;
• level;
• hammer;
• fasteners.

Calculation of stairs

To calculate a staircase with turning steps, you should highlight the main points and perform their calculations. The following points must be taken into account:

• parameters of the dimensions of the internal and external parts of the rotary elements;
• depth of steps;
• riser height;
• step projection size.

For ease of use of the drawing, it is necessary to carry out the construction correctly and in detail. All the above parameters are plotted on the diagram. To make calculations easier, you can use an online calculator.

Height

The calculation of a staircase with a 90-degree turn begins with its height, which is determined by the distance from the base of the first floor to the top point of the ceiling between the first and second floors. You can also calculate it this way: take the height of the tallest family member and add 100 mm to this indicator - we get the distance from the step to the ceiling. The optimal value is 2 m.

March length

The dimensions of the flight of turning stairs depend on the preferences of the owners and the main dimensions of the room. For stairs with a 90-degree turn, the transition can occur at any level. But, experts note that it is more convenient to construct a staircase if the length of the upper flight is at least 2 m. For U-shaped structures, the length of the flights is the same.

Width

The width of a staircase with a turn varies. It depends on the characteristics of the room, the chosen installation location and the size of the opening. It is also important how intensively the operation of the future structure is planned.

Regulatory documents set dimensions from 1000 to 1400 mm. Two people can climb such stairs at the same time and even transport furniture, but more space should be allocated for such stairs.

In practice, in small private houses, staircases with a width of 700 to 900 mm are designed. This is the optimal size for the movement of one person.

Number of marches

When calculating a staircase with winder steps, the number of flights must be determined. It depends on the type of design chosen. Rotary L-shaped staircases are usually designed with two flights. The lower section is usually shorter than the upper. U-shaped structures are also mounted with two flights, each of them is equipped with straight steps. Regarding C-shaped buildings, it can be noted that they can have more than two marches.

Related article: Features of finishing a metal staircase with wood: choice of material and technology of work

Tilt angle (steepness)

It is impossible to make a staircase comfortable to use if its angle of inclination is not thought out. It is difficult and dangerous to move along too steep stairs, although it can significantly save space in the room. The average structural slope parameters for residential premises range from 24 to 37.

Number of steps

The number of steps depends entirely on the length of the staircase. In rotary structures, it is necessary to count the number of steps separately for the flights and for the transition area, that is, the number of winder steps. Typically this number depends on the turning radius, which is plotted on the drawings and then divided into sectors.

Ideally, the number of steps in each flight of stairs should be the same.

Tread height (distance between steps)

The height of the tread, that is, the distance between adjacent elements, should be such that a person can move without straining. Generally accepted standards establish the optimal tread size to be 15-20 cm.

Step (step width)

An important factor for comfortable movement is the width of the step. The best option is to match the parameter with the length of the person’s foot. Therefore, the parameter is set to 23 cm. Naturally, this indicator can fluctuate either by increasing or decreasing the size.

If the dimensions of the room do not allow you to install standard steps, then you can resort to some tricks. For example, you can increase the overhang of the step over the support. But, in this case, it is necessary to remember that there are also rules here: this parameter should not exceed 5 cm.

• the width of the outer part should not exceed 40 cm;
• The width of the step on the inside should be at least 10 cm.

Step length

Typically, the length of the steps is calculated in accordance with the width of the staircase structure, taking into account several nuances. If the structure is built on bowstrings, then the length of the step fully corresponds to the distance between the beams. The design on stringers gives freedom of choice. The length is determined by the customer's wishes.

On video: the easiest way to calculate stairs.

Sawing stringers

Before cutting the stringers with your own hands, you need to accurately calculate and make markings. For this, a template made in the shape of a right triangle is used. One of the legs corresponds to the height of the tread, and the second to the depth of the step. Applying the triangle with the hypotenuse to the edge of the beam, mark it as shown in the photo below. After applying the markings, triangles are cut out using a circular saw, then the resulting string is polished.

Installation of support pillars

At the next stage, pillars are installed on which the stringers will rest. The construction of the first support is carried out at the place where, according to the design, the length of the first flight ends and the rotating part of the structure begins. Previously, a recess is provided in the support to the size of the lower end part of the stringer.

At the bottom of the flight of the future staircase, located in the corner, it is necessary to build supports for the winder steps. They will also support the stringer located against the wall.

Rice. 1 General drawing of the stairs

"Show risers: H" function

Fig.3 Execution of stairs with risers

You can build your staircase with or without risers. The staircase drawing allows you to see what the structure will look like with both options.

Function “Upper step below the floor of the 2nd floor: SP”

Rice. 4 Execution of the staircase, with the top step below the floor of the 2nd floor

Depending on the relative placement of the structure and the floor of the upper floor:

1. The upper plane of the top step is flush with the plane of the floor of the upper floor;
2. The upper plane of the top step is lower than the plane of the floor of the upper floor by the height of the step.

The choice of one or another mutual placement may depend on: the thickness of the interfloor ceilings, the desired relationship between the number of steps and their height, the length of blanks for stringers and the length of the opening, the desired angle of inclination of the stairs, or simply the tastes and preferences of the owner of the house. Please note: in the figure in which the upper step is below the floor of the 2nd floor, the thickness of the interfloor ceiling is greater than in the figure in which the upper step is at the floor level of the 2nd floor. If the thickness of the ceiling is less than the height of the step, the stringer simply will not rest against the ceiling (therefore, when demonstrating the second option, this thickness had to be increased).

Function "Black and white drawing:"

Rice. 5 Black and white drawing of a staircase

It is advisable to use this function in two cases:

1. If you are used to working with standard GOST drawings, and, accordingly, you better perceive graphics without color content.
2. If you are going to print the results of the calculator. Then you will spend less paint/toner and the visual perception of the drawings on paper will be better. And, of course, this function is used when printing on a black and white printer

Function "Change lifting direction: LR"

Rice. 6 Type of stairs with different directions of ascent

A specific staircase, which is placed in a certain way in the house, can be approached from the side from two sides or only from one side - when the staircase is in contact with the wall. In the latter case, there are two options for placing the structure relative to the observer:

1. Rise from left to right;
2. Ascent from right to left.

This function allows you to visualize both of these options.

Calculation of a winder staircase with a 90° turn

The main result of this calculator:

1. Information needed to make bowstrings
2. Information required for making steps

According to this information, the parts from which the structure is assembled are manufactured.

All other drawings show the final appearance of the structure: after joining the strings and steps to each other.

A special feature of this calculator for calculating stairs with 90° turning steps is the implementation of two functions:

1. Assessing the convenience of the stairs;
2. Adjustment of staircase design.

Assessing the convenience of a staircase is carried out according to three criteria:

1. Compliance of the design with the average stride length. According to this criterion, the sum of the step depth and the two heights should equal the average step length. The average human step length is 63 cm.
2. Step depth. Comfortable step depth is from 28 cm. For a given opening length, the step depth can be adjusted by changing the protrusion.
3. The angle of inclination of the stairs. The optimal angle of inclination of the stairs is from 30° to 40°. At tilt angles from 20° to 30° and from 40° to 45°, the comfort level of movement between floors is significantly reduced. Angles of inclination beyond the above limits can significantly affect the speed of movement between floors and the safety level of the stairs.

Based on the results of assessing a specific design, an indicator of the level of convenience is given for each of the criteria, and the staircase is assigned an overall level of convenience. The calculator evaluates whether the staircase meets the generally known criteria of convenience, but you must always remember that your staircase in your home should serve your purposes as efficiently as possible. And if, in accordance with these goals, you need to build the most non-standard staircase in the world - go for it.

If there is a need to improve the design of the stairs, the calculator gives advice on how to do this:

1. Reduce/increase the number of steps;
2. Increase the protrusion of the steps (if the depth of the steps is insufficient for comfortable walking);
3. Reduce/increase the length of the opening.

After adjusting the design, as well as accurately calculating the winder steps of the staircase at 90 degrees, the normalized parameters will become closer to ideal, but such adjustments may have to be made several more times.

Instructions for the calculator of stairs with winder steps with a 90-degree turn

In order to calculate a staircase with 90° winder steps online using this calculator, you need to know the height of the floor, the size of the space that you can allocate for the staircase, the materials with which you are going to build it, and, of course, its purpose use. Before you start work, you need to carefully consider all the nuances: whether the staircase is adjacent to the wall, or in contact with elements of the interior of the house, and how this should affect the structure itself and the process of its construction. Perhaps, to choose the right option in terms of size and design, you will have to use a calculator to calculate and compare several. Before you start processing the material, make sure that the detail drawings correspond to the ladder that is suitable for you and your purposes. When building, attach the parts to each other, and the staircase itself to the house so that you can guarantee the reliability and strength of the structure for decades.

The stairs presented on our website can be divided into categories according to three mutually dependent criteria:

1. Length dimensions

A. Maximum length - all steps are placed on one pair of bowstrings/stringers;

b. Medium length - steps are placed on two pairs of strings;

V. Minimum length - the steps are placed on three pairs of strings, the length dimension is regulated by changing the number of steps on the corresponding pairs of strings.

2. Width dimensions

A. Maximum width - steps are placed on two or three pairs of strings, the width dimension is regulated by changing the number of steps on the corresponding pair of strings;

b. Average width - the steps are placed on two parallel pairs of strings, the width dimension is equal to two widths of the stairs;

V. Minimum width - all steps are placed on one pair of bowstrings/stringers, the width dimension is equal to the width of the staircase;

3. Difficulty in manufacturing

A. Easy to manufacture - made from bowstrings/stringers and rectangular steps;

b. Medium complexity of manufacturing - made of bowstrings, rectangular steps and platforms;

V. Difficult to manufacture - made from bowstrings/stringers, rectangular steps, platforms and turning steps.

Stairs presented on our website:

• - 1.a.-2.v.-3.a.
• - 1.b.-2.a.-3.b.
• - 1.b.-2.b.-3.b.
• - 1.b.-2.b.-3.c.
• - 1.c.-2.a.-3.b.
• — 1.v.-2.a.-3.v.
• - out of classification
• - 1.a.-2.v.-3.a.

In each specific situation, the floor height is already specified. Based on your own preferences, you can choose the level of convenience: either the convenience criteria are met, or the staircase is flatter, or steeper, etc. Having this information, we can talk about the number of ascents (steps and platforms) in a particular situation.

Let's imagine that we have, for example, 12 ascents - steps and platforms. The design of a staircase is the shape of these risers (steps, flights, turning steps, landings) and how these 12 rises are placed relative to each other.

You can place all these 12 rises in one row along the length of the opening - “ “, “ “. In this case, your staircase will have a maximum dimension in length, a minimum dimension in width and will not be difficult to manufacture.

These 12 lifts can be placed in 2 rows, rotated 90° relative to each other (when viewed from above). With a platform on the turn - “°” - an option that is easier to manufacture (for example, 5 steps on the lower pair of bowstrings, a platform and 6 steps on the upper pair of bowstrings). With rotary steps on the turn - “°” - a more difficult option to manufacture (for example, 3 steps on the lower pair of bowstrings, 3 rotary steps and 6 steps on the upper pair of bowstrings). In these cases, your staircase will have an average dimension in length and an adjustable dimension in width.

You can place these 12 lifts in 2 parallel (when viewed from above) rows placed next to each other. With a platform on the turn - "" - a simpler option to manufacture (for example, 5 steps on the lower pair of bowstrings, a platform and 6 steps on the upper pair of bowstrings). With rotary steps on the turn - "" - a more difficult option to manufacture (for example, 3 steps on the lower pair of bowstrings, 3 rotary steps and 6 steps on the upper pair of bowstrings). In these cases, your staircase will have an average dimension in length and an average dimension in width.

You can place these 12 lifts on 3 rows perpendicular to each other (when viewed from above). With platforms on turns - "" - a simpler option to manufacture (for example, 2 steps on the lower pair of bowstrings, a platform, 3 steps on the middle pair of bowstrings, a platform and 5 steps on the upper pair of bowstrings). With rotary steps on the turn - “” - a more difficult option to manufacture (for example, 2 steps on the lower pair of bowstrings, 3 rotary steps, 2 steps on the middle pair of bowstrings, 3 rotary steps, 2 steps on the upper pair of bowstrings). In these cases, your staircase will have a minimum length dimension and an adjustable width dimension.

Or you can choose ““, which is not similar to any of the above and will give the interior of your home a truly sophisticated look, just like a spectacular wooden or stylish metal screw.

This design is relevant in a situation where you want a staircase of two flights with a beautiful transition between them in the form of turning steps, and the amount of space in the place where it needs to be placed is limited. The turning steps are not attached directly to the strings, so you will need to provide additional parts through which the load from the turning steps would be transferred to the rest of the stairs.

Winder steps are one of the components of some types of stairs. Thanks to them, it is possible to create not only a certain visual effect, but also completely change the standard design. Let's look at what the essence of such parts is and how to make them yourself.

What it is

By winder step we mean an element of a flight of stairs, which is used on turning sections. In order for an ordinary ordinary element to turn into a winder, you need to change the width of the tread along the entire length of the step. Thus, from the inner edge of the stairs this parameter will be smaller, and from the outer edge it will be larger. The optimal size of the step should be observed along the center line of movement along the stairs.

Advantages of this design:

• visually it looks original and aesthetically pleasing;
• allows you to make a smooth turn on the stairs;
• allows you to diversify the march design;
• can be made from any material.

Winder steps make climbing stairs smoother

Disadvantages of winder stage models:

• decrease in design convenience indicator;
• the risk of tripping when walking up the stairs increases;
• difficulties in performing design;
• Precise adjustment of the step dimensions is required during installation.

However, if you have certain knowledge and basic skills, you can make them yourself.

Scope of use

A completely logical question that arises when considering the design of the winder stage is where are such elements used? Several areas can be highlighted here:

• Turning marches. Thanks to these elements, it is possible to perform a smooth turn on the march. This can be an arbitrary angle, but most often it involves changing the direction of movement by 90 or 180 degrees. Additionally, intermediate platforms can be used. The design can be L-shaped, L-shaped or U-shaped. You can also divide the staircase into 3 straight sections and make a 180-degree turn in two stages.
• Spiral staircases. Most structures of this type consist precisely of winder steps. Depending on the steepness of the turn, you can adjust their size and position.

Types of stairs that use winder steps

You can place several winder options for steps on a regular straight flight. In this case, they are attached at the bottom, that is, at the very beginning of the stairs. Thus, it is possible to make entering the structure more convenient.

Another question is how to make such an element for a wooden, metal or concrete staircase with your own hands. Let's consider this issue in more detail.

Wooden

Perhaps we should start with wooden models. In this case, winder steps for turning wooden stairs are made of the same material as ordinary ones. The nuances relate mainly to the design stage and cutting of parts.

The most popular material for making stairs with winder steps is wood

In order to make a wooden winder step with your own hands, you will need a board of a suitable size. To calculate the dimensions of parts, data from formulas and graphic diagrams are combined. A part of the corresponding parameters is cut out from the board.

Scheme for manufacturing a wooden staircase with winder steps

To attach wooden steps of this configuration, two methods are mainly used:

1. Beam. A vertical element acts as a support. Typically this is a beam with a cross section of 100-150 mm. In order to fix the step on it, the cutting method is used. A recess is cut out in the beam, into which the smaller edge of the winder step is subsequently inserted.
2. Stringers. Here the installation process is somewhat more complicated. In order for the staircase to have a normal appearance, you need to cut stringers with suitable teeth from the boards. On the inside they will be smaller in size and, accordingly, larger on the outside. After installing the stringers, wooden steps are laid on them in accordance with the grooves made.

It is also possible to combine these two methods: a beam is installed on the inner (narrow) side of the steps, and stringers are installed on the outer (wide) side. Additionally, the distance between the treads is covered with risers.

Stages of installation of winder steps of a wooden staircase with mounting on a beam and stringer

Metal

In order to make metal winder steps with your own hands, you can use profiles and sheet iron. First, let's look at the principle of creating a form. The first option is a frame. In this case, it is enough to cut out sections of the required length from corner or U-shaped profiles and weld them together according to the shape of the future element. If you are planning to arrange outdoor or forged interior flights, then the steps themselves can also be made of metal. To do this, it is recommended to use perforated steel or elements with a relief surface.

The second option for making winder models of steps with your own hands is to use fillies and bowstrings. Channels or pipes can serve as strings; their number can vary from 1 to 3, depending on the design of the march and its size. To secure the steps, install fillets that will raise the treads above the supports. Additionally, for greater stability, metal plates can be welded or bolted to them, onto which the casing will later be attached. Usually this is wood or MDF.

Options for manufacturing metal winder steps

Concrete

Now let's look at how to make a staircase with winder steps from concrete mortar. In this case, formwork is required that will accurately reproduce the shape of the future structure. To create the formwork, plywood sheets and wooden panels are used. Walls are attached from this material to prevent concrete from spreading. In order for a self-built concrete staircase to be strong enough, a reinforcing mesh is placed in it. It should repeat the shape of the platforms, ordinary and winder steps.

The main stages of manufacturing a staircase with winder steps made of concrete

Concrete is mixed from cement, sand, crushed stone and plasticizers with the addition of water. Filling is done from bottom to top. To completely fill the shape of the winder step, the solution must be cut with a trowel and vibrated. Then the surface is leveled and covered with film until dry.

Please note: the height of the winder steps in each case must be the same and coincide with the parameters of ordinary parts.

Each option is quite feasible to implement. To do this, you need to additionally familiarize yourself with the rules for calculating the design of a staircase with turning steps. Otherwise, you can find a ready-made project or order it from specialists.

The design of a staircase with winder steps is in great demand in houses where comfortable, safe movement between floors is required, but there is no technical possibility of placing a straight structure. Such structures require special attention at the stage.

Diagram with the names of the winder staircase elements

Winder steps are widely used for the following types of stairs:

1. Screw. The most compact options for lifting structures. The recommended width of the total opening is up to 3000 mm.
2. L-shaped. Devices with 90˚ rotation. They take up less space than straight marches or marches with platforms.
3. U-shaped. They have a 180˚ rotation and are more compact than the previous version.
4. Curvilinear. Features smooth turning lines. Winder steps (treads) are more often used with the same parameters, which creates additional comfort when climbing.

The shape of the turning tread in such structures has the shape of a truncated triangle. Due to the compactness of the device, it saves.

Diagram of the staircase rotation device

Winder steps can be located at the bottom, at the top, or in the middle of the flight of stairs. For safe movement, the first two options are recommended. They have good visibility of the turning area, which allows you to orient yourself in time and change the position of the foot or the length of the step.

Schemes of winder stairs are more difficult to complete than straight structures or with platforms for transition. Therefore, there are often drawings with incorrectly executed structures.

This not only reduces the comfort of movement, but also increases the risk of injury from a fall.

Basic requirements for winder stairs

Comfort and safety are the basic principles that any building structure must meet. The staircase is no exception. A number of the presented technical requirements are also typical for straight march structures:

Scheme of a wooden staircase with winder steps

All of the listed characteristics and data will ensure comfort and safety of movement between floors.

Advantages of winder designs

The main advantages of a winder staircase include:

1. Compactness. Often the area or dimensions of the opening to the second floor do not allow the placement of a straight structure. In order to overcome these difficulties with minimal losses, winder steps are installed in turning flights.
2. Aesthetics. adds a special charm to the interior of the house.
3. Saving materials. As the slope angle (steepness) increases, the consumption of materials decreases slightly.

The disadvantages include a decrease in the level of comfort and safety of movement. The winder treads differ in size, you will have to adapt. And it is more difficult to disperse on such a flight than on ordinary stairs.

Classic look of a winder staircase

Technical data for drawings

To correctly draw up a diagram of a winder staircase, it is necessary to take into account all the standards listed above, the dimensions of the premises and link them to the plan. To do this, proceed to the following steps:

1. Determine the location of the structure.
2. Make the appropriate measurements: the width of the opening, the height from the finished floor of the first floor to the surface of the floor of the second.
3. Draw to scale with detail. If there are openings, windows, ledges, niches in the place where the stairs will be mounted, they are marked on the drawing with reference to the walls and floor.
4. Select the type of structure and building material for it.
5. Make preliminary calculations on the number, height and depth of steps.

Scheme and drawing of a winder staircase

This data will help you make the right choice of design that will ensure compliance with building codes.

Preliminary data calculation

Knowing the height between levels and the formula for comfortable movement, you can calculate the length of the flight of stairs and the number of expected steps. For example, the specified height between floors is 2600 mm. We will select the height of the degrees from the recommended range of 120 mm. Let's make all the calculations to build the drawing:

The example shows that it is better to reconsider the parameters of the steps. This will significantly save space. For example, with a riser height of 150 mm, the tread depth will become 300 mm, and the length of the staircase will be 5,400. This will save 3 sq. m. usable area of ​​the house.

Drawings and methods for calculating winder steps

Taking into account modern realities and obtaining quick results, you can use several ways to draw up a design diagram.

Project programs

The best option for design. There are software that, based on the drawing, issue specifications for materials with cutting. There is no provision for this option. But after completing a detailed drawing, it will not be difficult to calculate the amount of material. The disadvantage of this method is the time spent searching and mastering the software product.

Ready solutions

Drawings posted on the Internet allow you to choose the appropriate option. But you should check them for compliance with technical requirements in order to protect yourself from someone’s design illiteracy.

Winder staircase drawing

To do this, you can use online calculators or master one of the methods for calculating winder steps.

The main difficulty when working with such drawings is to fit a ready-made solution into the required space. You may find that a window or a ledge on the wall ends up in the place where the stairs are installed.

You will have to either adapt the design to fit, or look for another suitable option.

Online calculators

They will help you make calculations and give recommendations for correcting the structure if it does not comply with building codes. Based on the received data, a detailed drawing is automatically generated. This is the easiest and most affordable way to develop drawings for individual sizes. But in the future you should link to .

Interface of an online calculator for calculating a winder ladder

Otherwise, the resulting structure may close the window or doorway.

Proportion method

The main difficulty in independently designing a staircase with winder steps is calculating the number and developing the shapes of the rotating elements. Calculation using proportions. This method is suitable for stairs with a rotation of 90˚, 180˚. First, you should draw a top view of the future structure, fitting it into the intended area. Next, perform a series of operations:

This is the simplest and most accessible way to construct a drawing. There are three other methods: Danish, sweep and line lifting. The listed technologies are complex and require deeper knowledge of mathematical analysis. These methods require taking into account the horizontal and vertical curvature of the structure.

An example of a metal frame for a winder staircase

It should be noted that the drawing using any of the above methods is performed with a certain degree of error. Therefore, even professionals adjust parts at the assembly site. A winder staircase is a more complex design, so if you are not confident in your abilities, then it is better to entrust the calculation, design, and installation to specialized enterprises.

In order to reduce the dimensions of the staircase when there is a lack of free space, winder steps are made instead of the interstair landing, the width along the line of movement of which is equal to the width of the straight steps. These steps are not very comfortable, because when going down the stairs, their width becomes smaller as you approach the middle and is simply inconvenient for placing your feet. At the same time, at the other end the steps become much wider than a human step. In order to reduce the inconvenience, it is worthwhile to equip the rounded walls of the staircase at the turn in order to reduce the size of the steps, and, accordingly, the costs of their construction.

Note! The narrowest stairwell should be at least 10 cm.

In order to reduce these disadvantages, you need to use two methods:

1. A winder staircase can be constructed only when the horizontal distance between parallel flights is ¼ of the width of the steps;
2. To calculate the width of the steps, use one of the proposed methods, which is based on the proportional expansion of the ends of the winder steps due to the width of the straight ones.

Calculation

If we take, for example, a staircase that has two parallel flights and a turn at the winder steps, taking into account the calculation of the width of the steps that will replace the platform between the floors, the calculations are carried out as follows:

1. In the center of the march, line ABC is drawn - the middle line of movement, according to which the width of the steps is plotted. In this case, the line should start from the rounded top so that the step located in the middle is divided exactly half by the vertical line BC. The result will be ordinal divisions. The greater the number of straight steps, the more comfortable the staircase will be, and the transition from straight steps to winders will be smoother. Having captured three straight steps, draw a line DE horizontally, enclosing the highest of them. It is from here that the regulation of the width of the step begins, connecting the middle of A with two lines on the line of movement. After the line is drawn to the intersection of the lines with the line DE and the next segment is obtained, it must be continued from D to E until the next points are found. Connect the resulting points with the corresponding points according to the number value, which are marked on the floor of the movement line. The final result of the calculations performed will be a horizontal projection of the shape of the steps of the winder stairs on the left side. Carry out the calculations for the right side in the same way.
2. Another calculation method is as follows: moving from point B along the line of movement, measure the width of the steps in accordance with the standards so that the vertically located line DV divides the middle step in half lengthwise. Based on the number of straight steps (3), obtain a segment AB from the vertical line DV and draw an inclined line AC towards it. In this case, the length of the segment can be any and it should be located at an acute angle, with the further application of 7 marks on it, which will correspond to seven steps. One part can be equal to 3-10 mm depending on the scale of the paper for drawing the diagram.

After connecting point C to point B and drawing lines parallel to BC from each point, similar segments are obtained on the vertical line AB. Next, connect all the division points to their corresponding points on the center line of movement and draw them to the surface of the wall that surrounds the cage. Thus, the dimensions and shape of the steps in horizontal projection will be obtained.

Calculations for winder staircases with two flights are carried out in a similar way.

Note! Stairs that require radial rotation are much more difficult to manufacture. They require the production of stringers, bowstrings, or the production of additional supporting elements for the steps, which will follow the radius in the staircase bend. For this reason, winder turning staircases are often made without a radius at the bend, but with a turn at a right angle.

The dimensions of a staircase with a right angle turn are calculated using a graphical proportional method. This option is the most popular when making winder steps yourself, so their calculation is worth considering in more detail.

Video

Useful video about calculating the number and height of steps of any stairs:

Staircase with two flights with a right angle turn

When making graphical calculations, it is worth making allowances for their inaccurate results. In this case, it is allowed to change the dimensions during drawing, but with the condition that the steps remain unchanged in width and the line of movement will not be affected. Certain steps can be changed in size at the ends to increase or decrease, while leaving the same width of the tread in the center.

When taking dimensions from the completed drawing, correlate the dimensions of all steps using addition. The final amount, on the one hand, must coincide with the size of the steps in the specified area.

These are all the key points for making your own winder staircase. Please note that without certain skills you are unlikely to be able to complete this job.

Video

This video describes the installation of a staircase with turning steps: