Do-it-yourself drainage hole in a private house. Cesspool in a private house: diagram How to connect two cesspools

For seasonal living in a country house or with a small volume of water consumed, it is not necessary to install an expensive treatment facility. The optimal place for waste disposal will be a do-it-yourself cesspool without pumping. Its design is very simple, but the construction process is labor-intensive.

Layout diagram cesspool

Types of cesspools

The simplest and most proven option for an autonomous sewer system is a drainage pit. By design they come in three types:

Sealed containers in which wastewater accumulates. They are environmentally friendly, easy to install, but require constant pumping costs.
A pit without a bottom is constructed to collect all household waste water into the soil.
Septic tank - the design of the structure provides for the settling and purification of contaminated water.

Frequent pumping of the drainage pit is an expensive service that comes with distribution unpleasant odor. It is possible to completely abandon it only when installing a biological station, but it is quite possible to reduce the call for vacuum cleaners to once every 3-4 years.

Construction of a cesspool without pumping

Absorbing tank without bottom – affordable way autonomous sewerage devices, which the owners implement independently. Its design is made in the form of a well, at the bottom of which a layer of filtration materials is poured. Domestic wastewater flows through the drain pipe into the pits, the liquid seeps through the filter at the bottom, and large fractions are retained. Microorganisms in the soil process organic matter from runoff and disinfect it.

The size of the pit is selected according to water standards per person, which are 150-200 liters per day. The liquid leaves the reservoir after 3 days, so the daily volume triples. For a family of 3 people, a 1.5 cubic meter pit is required. m.

Attention. Bacteria will not be able to cope with a large volume of water, and there will be a risk of soil contamination. With daily consumption of more than 1 cubic meter. m of water, it is necessary to install a septic tank.

Advantages of a drain pit:

simple design;
affordable cost of materials;
quick installation.

Flaws:

unpleasant odor;
environmental threat;
labor-intensive installation with your own hands.

Choosing a place for the pit

The placement of waste collection facilities is determined by special rules and regulations. These recommendations make it possible to protect water supplies, the foundation of the house and green spaces from contamination in the event of an increase in the water level in the drainage pit. Sanitary rules determine the following distances:

to the reservoir – 30 m:
to the well with sandy soil - 50 m, with clay soil - 20 m;
to trees – 3 m;
at least 5 m to the foundation of the house;
to the border of the neighboring plot - 2 m.

It is important to take into account the terrain of the area; a low-lying area is not suitable for constructing a drainage tank. During rainfalls and snow melting, water will fill the hole. Depth is also taken into account groundwater, it should be 1 meter lower from the bottom of the storage tank.

Features of the design of a cesspool on different soils

The time for waste disposal depends on the throughput of the soil. Sandy or peat soil has a high rate of liquid absorption, but their filtration qualities are insufficient. Contaminated runoff can reach the aquifer and poison it. In this case, part of the bottom and wall of the storage tank is concreted to reduce the area allowing drainage to pass through.

On clay soil, the opposite situation occurs - the liquid slowly seeps into the soil and there is a constantly high water level in the hole. The problem is solved by creating additional drainage. Several plastic sewer pipes filled with gravel are buried in the bottom of the pit to a depth of 1 meter. Their upper edge protrudes 1 meter from the bottom of the storage tank, and the walls are perforated. The design serves simultaneously to filter and drain waste.

Another method will require additional costs; it involves the construction of a second well nearby, connected to the pit by an overflow. As the water level rises, it will flow into the neighboring structure, and the drainage area will double.

Preparatory work

Having decided on a place for the drive, they begin excavation. This is the first stage in the construction of any type of autonomous sewage system. The pit is dug according to calculations made on the optimal volume of the cesspool. The depth of the sump should not exceed 3 meters; this will allow pumping from the very bottom in case of siltation. The walls of the pit are leveled for subsequent installation of the selected material.

Advice. You can save on calling an excavator to dig a pit if you do it simultaneously with the construction of the foundation of the house.

Materials for making a pit: pros and cons

To make the cesspool inexpensive, site owners are ready to use available materials: bricks, cinder blocks, tires and boards. If the first two materials are strong enough, then the rest are suitable for temporary construction, since they will quickly become unusable under the influence of moisture and chemical reactions. A high-quality and durable drive is built from monolithic concrete, reinforced concrete rings and bricks.

Drainage pit made of reinforced concrete rings

If you can dig a pit yourself, then you will have to order a crane to install heavy rings. The dimensions of the pit must exceed the standard diameter of the rings by 50 cm in order to be able to perform waterproofing. When installing several products, one must have factory perforation specifically made for the filtration well. If you purchased whole rings, you can fill the holes with your own hands. Their diameter is 5-8 cm, and the distance from each other is 30 cm, the holes are arranged in a checkerboard pattern.

The bottom of the pit is covered with a layer of sand to a depth of 20 cm and a layer of gravel or crushed stone to a height of 20-30. These rocks will become a filter that retains fecal waste in the pit.

The joints of the rings are covered with cement mortar, their outer part is covered with bitumen mastic for waterproofing. A hole is cut in the upper ring for the entrance of the sewer pipe. The pipeline itself is laid in a trench below the soil freezing line. The structure is covered with a concrete floor slab made with a hatch.

Pit made of concrete rings

Pros of the drive:

durability;
quick installation from ready-made parts;
high performance.

complexity of installation;
the need for pumping is not completely eliminated.

Brick cesspool

The shape of the settling tank is chosen arbitrarily; square, round and rectangular storage tanks are built. The material used is red solid brick laid on cement mortar. At the bottom of the excavated pit, a cushion of sand 20 cm high is placed. Formwork from boards is laid on top of it and a concrete screed is poured.

Advice. For better water drainage, before pouring concrete, wells up to 1 meter deep are drilled to bury perforated pipes.

Brick laying is carried out in two ways - with a gap of half or a quarter of a brick. Thanks to this design, water is discharged evenly. The top of the storage tank is covered with a concrete slab, which you can make yourself.

Brick drainage pit

Manufacturing of floors

The slab should protrude 30 cm beyond the perimeter of the pit on each side. The work area is marked with pegs with a taut rope. A sheet of tin is placed on the pit and covered with plastic film. Reinforcement strapping is performed on top of the waterproofing in increments of 20x20 cm. When preparing the reinforcement, a frame is inserted to limit the hatch. A ventilation pipe is installed to remove gases. For formwork, planed boards are taken and placed along a stretched rope. Finished design poured with concrete, compacted and leveled. The manhole cover is made at the same time as the stove or a metal one is purchased. After the concrete has set, the tin is removed in the space left for the cover.

Concrete cover

Advice. During the 4 weeks while the concrete hardens, it is not recommended to load the floor.

The slab must be airtight and raised above ground level. This will avoid catastrophic filling during rain. IN winter period The hatch cover is insulated to prevent the pit from freezing.

affordable price;
simple installation;
good drainage of liquid into the ground.

silting of walls;
destruction of bricks under the influence of runoff.

How to extend the life of a cesspool

The technology of an eternal cesspool must include several mandatory conditions:

the use of durable and durable material, which does not corrode;
the use of anaerobic bacteria that promote the decomposition of organic waste;
the pit is constructed in two parts; after the first reservoir is filled, the liquid flows through a pipe into the second, the volume of the pit doubles.

The structure that meets all the requirements will be a two-chamber cesspool made of monolithic concrete. The walls of the structure are poured over the formwork, and a pipe for overflow is installed in the partition at an angle. The outer part of the walls is treated with bitumen mastic to protect against moisture. A mixture of crushed stone and gravel is used as a filter layer in a storage tank without a bottom. The pit is covered with a concrete slab with a hatch and a ventilation pipe.

The addition of biological agents reduces odor formation and accelerates the process of decomposition of organic matter. Anaerobic bacteria do not tolerate low temperatures, so that they do not die in winter, the pit must be insulated. Microorganisms are sensitive to the composition of wastewater, so you should avoid pouring chemicals into the sewer system.

A cesspool is necessary for suburban areas; making it yourself will allow you to build a structure with the least financial cost.

Don't forget to rate the article.

A cesspool in a private house, the design of which is chosen in accordance with existing requirements and rules, is capable of collecting household waste without the risk of soil contamination. Despite the fact that the construction of a pit is simpler than, for example, construction, there are certain nuances that directly affect the effectiveness of such sewer system and, accordingly, on the comfort of living.

The advantages of cesspools are determined simplicity of their design. Such a structure can be built quite quickly. In addition, its cost will be low - the most commonly used available materials, including used ones.

The disadvantage of a cesspool is, first of all, the need to pump out wastewater. Depending on the circumstances (volume of the pit, number of people, availability of water-consuming household appliances) frequency may vary, but the services of a sewer truck will always be one of your expenses.

Important: The maximum depth of the cesspool should not be more than 3 meters, otherwise problems may arise with its pumping.

Another significant drawback that you need to know about before making a cesspool in a private house with your own hands is sanitary “unreliability”, if we are talking about its leaky version. It is necessary to very carefully consider the location of the cesspool and its design, calculate the required volume so that the structure does not poison the existence of the inhabitants of the house with unpleasant odors and, even worse, does not cause it to get into the soil of the garden. harmful substances or the occurrence of infectious diseases.

Types of cesspools

The design of cesspools in a private house largely depends on how the country building is used. For a small amount of waste and periodic residence, you can choose a pit without a bottom, but if a family of several people lives in the house permanently, it is better to prefer a sealed storage tank. Each of the options deserves more detailed consideration.

Cesspool without bottom

A cesspool without a bottom is a kind of “well”, the walls of which prevent wastewater from entering the upper layers of the soil, and instead of the bottom, a kind of filter is made of crushed stone or gravel. Passing through it, the wastewater is partially filtered, after which it enters the soil and, passing through it, is purified more efficiently. The advantage of this option is that there is no need to constantly call vacuum cleaners. You won’t be able to do without cleaning at all, but its frequency can be significantly reduced.

It is advisable wastewater separation and the installation of separate cesspools for the toilet. In this case, the toilet pit will fill more slowly (and, accordingly, require calling special equipment less often), and drainage from the shower, bathtub, kitchen sink with a minimum amount of insoluble inclusions will almost completely disappear through the filter into the soil.

It is important to know that such a do-it-yourself cesspool for a private home has “contraindications”.

The close location of groundwater excludes the possibility of installing a model without a bottom, since when its level rises during a flood or during heavy rain, the hole can spontaneously fill. In addition, under such conditions, the quality of filtration noticeably decreases - wastewater does not pass through the soil, being purified, but goes directly into groundwater.
Clay soil has too low permeability to ensure timely removal of the contents of the cesspool.
The volume of such a cesspool should not be more than 1 cubic meter.

Sealed cesspool

Sealed structures with a bottom are only storage units. The wastewater must be pumped out using a sewer truck. Despite the need to pay for the services of special equipment, this option also has its advantages:

sanitary safety and eliminating the possibility of soil contamination and the spread of pathogenic bacteria,
Possibility of use in all types of soil.

For sealed structures of small volume, ready-made waterproof containers are often used. A large cesspool in a private house, the design of which involves collecting wastewater from a large number of points, is most often built from one or another material suitable for its characteristics.

Materials for cesspools

By considering the features of materials often used for the construction of such structures and comparing them with the conditions of a particular facility, you can decide which cesspool in a private house will be the most effective and economical.

Finished goods

Usage finished products can significantly reduce the duration of construction work, and in some cases, their labor intensity.

Tires cars are used as blocks - they are installed one on top of the other, secured with clamps, waterproof glue and sealing the joints. In most cases, tire cesspools have no bottom. The advantages of this option are low cost, easy and quick installation.
A tire cesspool is one of the cheapest options for organizing sewerage
Concrete rings- another option for block construction of cesspools. They weigh a lot, so lifting equipment will be required to install them in the pit. At the same time, construction will not take much time, and the resulting structure will be strong and durable. Concrete rings can be used to construct both hermetic storage tanks and filter structures without a bottom. In the first case, the rings are installed on a concrete foundation. Seal joints and treat internal and external surfaces concrete products waterproofing compounds (one of the most affordable options is ordinary bitumen, although if desired, you can purchase special mastics) are recommended regardless of the type of product.
Iron or plastic require a minimum of effort during installation, but their significant drawback is their small volume. As a storage facility, they are only suitable for a summer residence, and to install a cesspool with a filter, the bottom will need to be removed. Iron products require application waterproofing coating on the outside and inside for protection against corrosion.
Plastic storage models fixation to the foundation is required to prevent them from floating during floods. In addition, at the stage of backfilling the assembled structure, it is recommended to fill the container with water to prevent its deformation due to compression by soil.

Construction Materials

Usage building materials slightly increases the construction time. At the same time, a significant advantage is that a do-it-yourself cesspool in a private house in this case can be arranged in any configuration, taking into account sanitary requirements and the layout of the site. It can be round or rectangular, including narrow and long, if this option is more convenient to locate on the territory.

Concrete poured structures are made using formwork by gradually increasing the height of the wall.
Brickwork can be done in a circle, but more often, for reasons of convenience, brick pits are made rectangular.

Both options can be used for the construction of storage or filter structures and in most cases require the application of a double-sided waterproofing layer.

Rules for choosing location and volume

The volume of the cesspool must, according to sanitary standards, be no less than the three-day water consumption rate. The estimated number is considered to be 200 liters per day per person, however, it is important to know that this figure is relevant for permanent residence. When visiting the dacha periodically, it is less, and water is not consumed every day.

In a house with permanent residence for a family of 3 people you need a pit of at least 1 cubic meter. Sometimes it is more convenient to use two small ones than one spacious hole. The layout of a cesspool in a private house must take into account the necessary distances from significant objects - at least 30 m from the place of drinking water intake, at least 3 m from garden and garden plants and 5 m from the road. In this case, storage models should be positioned so that a sewage disposal truck can easily drive up to it.

If your site has a low groundwater level and you decide that it is suitable for you, then we will help in its construction with our advice.

To pump out the cesspool yourself, you will need. You will learn about their choice in another article.

And the nuances of choice well pumps described in this material

Cleaning the cesspool

You should be aware that the operation of vacuum cleaners does not guarantee complete cleaning of the tank. It is only possible to pump out liquid, while sediment will remain and accumulate at the bottom. Speaking about in a private home, it should be noted that cleaning can be optimized by using special preparations.

Bioactive complexes, which are colonies of bacteria, work effectively, eliminate odor and are environmentally friendly. However, at temperatures below +4° C, microorganisms die, so it is impossible to use such products in winter.
Among chemicals Preferred are nitrate oxidizers, which are non-toxic and do not pose a danger to people, pets and plants. They are usually used in the cold season.

Important: To eliminate odors from the pit, which will occur if special preparations are not used, ventilation of the cesspool in a private house is required. Plastic sewer pipes with a diameter of 10 cm and a height of 60 cm, which are installed in the upper part of the pit, are suitable for its installation.

Proper arrangement of a cesspool in a private home will allow you to safely dispose of wastewater with minimal effort and without significant expense. In this case, the container will not be a source of unpleasant odor.

Video

In this subsection you can watch a video on the topic of our article, which shows the intricacies of installing a cesspool in a private house with your own hands.

To dispose of human waste in suburban living conditions, special settling tanks are used. A cesspool with overflow is a special drainage design in which several containers are connected to each other. This allows you to reduce the frequency of cleaning and ensure the efficiency of the sewer system.

Advantages and disadvantages

The main advantage of a cesspool with an overflow is the absence of the need for frequent cleaning with sewer equipment. In addition, settled water can be used for technical purposes: for watering the garden, fertilizing the land.

Advantages of installing an overflow cesspool:

Cleaning efficiency. The waste liquid goes through several stages of purification in a draft tank, a settling tank and a finishing or filter tank;
High performance. Such structures are equipped with at least 2 cubic meters. The throughput of such a pit ranges from 0.2 cubic meters per hour to 0.5;
Saving money on sewerage services. Due to multi-stage cleaning, solid waste is screened out in the first, rough tank, and liquid waste flows into subsequent ones. This prevents the drain from overflowing and the formation of solidified masses;
Almost complete absence of stench.

At the same time, this design of the sump has some disadvantages. Among the minuses it is worth highlighting:

Relative complexity of arrangement. A big role in the operation of the system is played by the angle at which the pipes are connected, the position of the tanks relative to each other and other features;
Expensive arrangement. It will be necessary to equip at least 2 independent wells; this doubles the cost of building an overflow cesspool relative to a regular drain.

Design features

Despite the fact that a cesspool can be made from almost any available materials, it is recommended to use concrete rings to construct a system with an overflow. They combine perfectly affordable price and high quality.

Each sump consists of a bottom, walls and a lid. The structure of the first tank is strictly sealed, since it is a rough tank. This container collects waste from the home, toilet and other consumers. The second and subsequent waste tanks may be leaking.

Each drain is located relative to each other at a slight angle - up to 20 degrees. The connection is made with T-shaped pipes. These pipes must be located at least 1 meter from the uppermost part of the pit.

When waste enters the primary or draft tank, some of it immediately settles to the bottom. The liquid mass moves through a T-shaped pipe to the next container for filtration, settling and subsequent use.

Tips for arranging cesspools with overflow:

How to make a cesspool with an overflow with your own hands

To construct a pit, a location on the site is selected that is 20 meters away from the nearest body of water and no less than 10 meters from the facade of the house. It is important to take into account that part of the treated wastewater will freely go into the ground, so you will also need to place the container at some distance from the garden.

The pit is dug manually or using construction equipment. The dimensions of the earth hole are 10 centimeters larger than the diameter of the selected building materials to strengthen the walls of the rough drain. This is necessary for further compaction of the sides of the tank;
A distance of up to 1 meter is maintained between the roughing and finishing containers. They can be located at a slight slope relative to each other (a roughing tank on a slight elevation) or on the same line. In the second case, the difference for the passage of wastewater is arranged by correcting the location of the T-shaped pipes;
Photo: example of connecting tanks
A sand and crushed stone cushion is placed at the bottom of the rough pit. The first layer is sifted river sand, the second is fine crushed stone, the third is larger stones. A waterproofing film is laid on top of them. Depending on the level of soil freezing, it may be necessary to additionally insulate the drain. For this you can use geotextiles, clay or foam insulation;
The finishing tank is set up in a similar way, but there is no need to cover the bottom with waterproofing. Instead, it is covered with a thicker bed of crushed stone;
After this, a concrete slab is installed at the bottom of the first container. The first ring is mounted on top of it. It must be fixed level, since the geometric correctness of the container depends on the position of this part;
The outside of each ring must be coated with a thick layer of resin. This will extend the life of the container and improve the tightness of the drain. The rings are connected to each other with concrete mortar, the seams are also covered with resin;
To connect sewer pipes from the house, a hole of the required diameter is made in the upper ring using a hammer drill. In the future, it will also need to be strengthened with a flexible coupling and sealed with resin or a special sealant. A T-shaped pipe is installed on the opposite side of the tank to connect the finishing and roughing pits to each other;
To increase the efficiency of wastewater treatment, many experts recommend installing metal mesh filters on the connecting pipes. But this requires regular cleaning. It would be much more expedient to use biologically active agents for processing solid masses;
Note that covers must be installed on both pits. This is necessary to monitor the operation of the drains and necessary repairs.
Photo: installation of protective hatches

Convenient is that for such cesspools to work there is no need to equip a ventilation outlet. Gas formation is minimized due to the absence of large accumulations of feces. At the same time, a certain part of the wastewater and gases always goes into the ground. This feature solves two problems at once: reducing the volume of runoff due to gas and the presence of an unpleasant odor in the area.

Video: finished cesspool with overflow

Caring for a cesspool with overflows is also not difficult. Cleaning with sewer machines is carried out as necessary. On average, no more than once every six months. Every month you need to check the filters for contamination and siltation. If you use bacterial cleaning, it is recommended to update biological filters every 2 weeks.

Having suburban housing, owners often face the problem of installing a sewerage system. The most popular way to solve problems is to dig cesspools. But how to do it correctly, and what is a cesspool? It is important to understand all this, then it will be easier to find the right solution.

Types of cesspools for a private house

IN classic version Septic tanks are built mainly from bricks, concrete and even used tires. There are several varieties:

without a bottom, with sewage falling directly into the ground;
sealed pit;
a septic tank in which specially grown microbes are involved in the decomposition of wastewater.

For cases where the daily volume of waste is small, it is enough to dig a good hole without a bottom. Owners of clay areas mainly use a sealed septic tank. The third method is perfect, but requires care and investment.

Important! Untreated liquids can cause contamination as well as health problems if they reach groundwater.

Selecting a settling tank type

When choosing a cesspool scheme in a private house, you should take into account such points as:

groundwater depth;
number of inhabitants;
water consumption of home appliances;
location of the house and household items. buildings;
type of soil.

The question remains of how to properly make a cesspool.

Before drawing up a diagram, you need to decide on its volume in accordance with the number of people living in the house. The hole should be dug:

up to 3 meters deep, otherwise it will be impossible to properly clean the pit;
width – up to 2 meters.

According to building codes and regulations, the setback from a residential building must be at least 5 meters, and from the fence of the site - at least 2 meters.

Air exchange should be created using a ventilation pipe with a protrusion of 600 mm above the ground surface. This will avoid the accumulation of gases resulting from the decomposition reaction. The pit must be accessible to a sewer truck for removal in case of waste overflow.

The brick walls of the pit are plastered inside. Arrangement treatment plant Without concreting the bottom, the rules are prohibited, unless the waste volume per day is no more than 1 cubic meter. meters.

The location of the cesspool is selected individually. In this regard, the following are taken into account:

features of the relief, soil type, location of buildings;
personal preferences;
convenience.

It is clear that the larger the size of the cesspool, the less often it will need to be cleaned. The drinking well should not be located close to the cesspool.

Self-dug cesspool

Sooner or later, all owners have to solve the problem of waste disposal. For a comfortable stay, you need, at a minimum, to dig and arrange a sewage pit. How to do this correctly, and where to start?

Preparation for work

Construction of a sump begins with choosing a place to dig a hole;
It is necessary to consider the possibility of entering the chamber to remove sewage;
Digging a pit for a drainage hole next to the house is not permissible;
It is not advisable to use excessively long pipes for sewerage;
It is important to have information about the location of groundwater and the maximum level of its rise in the off-season.

Important! In addition, if there is a well on the site, the distance between it and the cesspool must be at least thirty meters.

Construction of a cesspool without a bottom

If difficulties arise in constructing a classic concrete septic tank, you can:

dig a regular hole and a ditch from the house to it;
lay the pipe in the trench at an angle;
find a barrel, make holes in it;
place the barrel upside down in the dug hole;
fill the ditch and septic tank with a layer of earth.

The volume of the barrel must satisfy required quantity waste. In this case, the liquid will seep into the ground and gradually compress. An overfilled pit will need to be cleaned out from time to time. It is easy to dig such a cesspool near a house under a layer of earth to clean the pipes if they become clogged. The method is simple and inexpensive, but it cannot always be used, since a large volume of waste can contaminate groundwater.

How to build a brick cesspool

Red brick is one of the most commonly used building materials for the construction of septic tanks. It has such properties as high environmental friendliness, moisture resistance, and reasonable price. Therefore, it is used for constructing cesspools in a private house. To build a two-section septic tank from brick yourself, you just need to learn how to prepare a binder solution and make brickwork.

Arranging a cesspool in a private house requires sequential mastery of all steps of the procedure.

Digging a pit

To install a cesspool, it will be necessary to dig a pit no more than 3 m deep. The dimensions are calculated taking into account the fact that the recommended volume of the septic tank should be about 8-10 cubic meters. meters. You should also provide a distance for laying bricks, so another 10-20 cm is added to the width of the pit.

Laying the foundation

Since one of the compartments of a two-section septic tank must have a sealed bottom, they first begin to fill concrete base. A foundation 20-30 cm thick is poured onto one part of the pit, lined with gravel. It is not recommended to build the foundation in winter. The best time Early spring is considered to be the time for its establishment. Hardening of concrete lasts 3-4 days.

Walling

Walls built of brick retain heat well and are durable. The jumper between the compartments is made of a material that does not corrode. To protect the intersection wall made of bricks, special waterproofing materials: bitumen or mastic. The walls are usually laid out in a rectangle (or in a semicircle). A 5 cm gap is left between the ends of the brick for filtering.

Backfilling the tank

Once the walls are ready and dry, you can start working on the lids for the tanks. In a two-section septic tank there should be two of them. This will ensure ease of maintenance of each compartment. Hatches must be made of metal treated with an anti-corrosion compound. For work you will need:

welding machine,
materials and products - sheet iron, profiled pipes or angles.

A ventilation pipe must be installed in the cover. It is necessary to ensure the vital activity of aerobic bacteria that clean wastewater in the first compartment. The pipe must be completely sealed so that no moisture from outside enters the septic tank.

Important! The manhole cover should protrude 0.6 m above ground level to prevent surface water from entering the septic tank.

Sewage pit made of concrete

The drainage pit can be made from concrete slabs. After determining the volume of the sump, you need to dig a trench and run pipes according to the diagram from a private house to the cesspool. In this case, the pipes should be laid at an angle of approximately 3 degrees (4 cm per meter). It should be borne in mind that the longer the pipeline, the larger the angle should be. It is better to concrete the lower part of the sump.

In the upper part of the septic tank it is necessary to provide a hole for the ventilation pipe. Then the problem of smell from the sewer will disappear by itself. A hatch is mounted at the top of the pit for ease of maintenance.

Cesspool lined with wood

A septic tank lined with wood is produced in the form of boards knocked together in the form of formwork and can only be used with additional protective treatment.

Advantages of wooden cesspools:

cheap price;
speed of construction;
good isolation of the soil from the ingress of sewage.

Such a pit, subject to high-quality wood processing, will last at least 10-15 years.

Homemade septic tank from Eurocubes

Eurocube is a plastic container for storing and transporting liquids and solids. The container is placed in a frame made of metal rods. Its volume is 0.6-1 cubic meters. m. Their cost is low compared to other materials.

Advice. Before purchasing Eurocubes, you can try to get them for free through industrial companies that receive materials in such containers. Considering the expensive disposal of bulky plastic containers, they are ready to get rid of them in any way. For owners of private houses, this method of obtaining containers will significantly reduce the cost of building a septic tank.

Features of building a septic tank from Eurocubes:

Mandatory fastening of the tank using cable ties to a concrete base, since the Eurocube is made of lightweight plastic and as a result of oversaturation of the soil or flooding, the tank may float to the surface;
High speed of construction of a treatment plant;
Easy septic tank maintenance.

The cubes are made of PVC, so it is necessary to periodically add bioremediation agents to avoid the spread of unpleasant odors.

For information. Country toilet with a cesspool made of Eurocubes - this is simplest design, with which you can arrange a latrine.

Instructions for building a tank from Eurocubes:

Dig a trench for two cubic containers, fill them with water;
Use metal formwork to obtain a flat concrete surface for the base of the tanks;
Equip inlet and transition pipes for tanks. Using an annular cutter, drill holes with a diameter of 110 mm. The inlet pipe is installed above the overflow level;
Ensure that the inlet and outlet of all pipes are sealed;
To protect against freezing, the tanks are covered with sand and clay.

Cesspool for clay soil

A drainage pit in clay soil can often silt up and have poor flow of liquid. The optimal sewage cesspool in this case consists of a concrete base and a container installed on it. Particular attention is paid to sealing joints and seams.

For information. A cesspool is one of the most economical options for arranging sewage systems in summer cottage or in the courtyard of a country house.

Features of installation on clay soil

There are two methods of high-quality implementation of a sewerage system on clay soil:

First of all, excavation work is carried out to construct a pit. Holes are then drilled at the bottom for perforated drainage pipes. Excess liquid will be removed into the ground faster, and the solid part of the sewage will remain at the bottom of the pit;
The second option is distinguished by the installation of a system for overflowing liquid from one pit to another. The trench connecting the two pits should have a slight slope.

Diagram of a sedimentation tank made from sewer tires

A septic tank made from tires is the most economical option for sewerage facilities. This design of a drainage pit in a private house is simple and does not require special skills for its construction. This wastewater treatment system is used when the septic tank is intended to be used periodically and the volume of wastewater is small. It is also worth remembering that winter tires freeze, which makes it impossible to use the structure in the cold season. The device requires regular cleaning.

How to make a cesspool in a private house with your own hands from tires:

It is necessary to dig a hole slightly larger than the diameter of the existing tires. Fill the lower part with gravel to a layer thickness of 10-30 cm;
Place the tires on top of each other, securely fixing them together. Seal the joints between tires;
The upper part of the septic tank must be equipped with a hatch.

Important! Failure to comply sanitary standards when installing sedimentation tanks it is fraught with big problems: fines from the relevant authorities, unpleasant odors, infection with infectious diseases.

Sanitary standards

To avoid future troubles, when constructing a cesspool, it is necessary to adhere to sanitary requirements. The distance from the pit to the water source should be more than twenty meters, from the house to the hatch - at least five meters. When arranging a pit, you need to take into account the reserve, since wastewater settles slowly and the tank may overflow.

It is necessary to correctly determine the volume of the sump tank. According to the requirements for cesspools, the optimal norm for one person will be 0.5 cubic meters. meters. However, more often additional operating conditions are provided ( clay soil, frequent use of water, oil waste), therefore the cesspool should have some reserve. If a family consists of three people with permanent residence, it is better to make a cesspool of about 6 cubic meters. m.

The choice of septic tank option for installation in a private household depends on the available materials, labor costs, volume of wastewater, and type of soil. To collect wastewater, they most often build either sedimentation tanks that are periodically emptied, or leach cesspools - homemade reservoirs from which liquids are released and solid particles are retained.

Video

In contact with

IN country houses in most cases, it is not possible to connect to a centralized sewer system, so owners have to look for options on how to properly equip it so that it performs its functions efficiently.

One of the simplest and most convenient methods is a cesspool. It is economical compared to autonomous sewers and allows residents country houses enjoy all the achievements of civilization.

Two cesspools

But a cesspool requires appropriate care, in the absence of which residents face very unpleasant problems. This is a fetid odor on the site and in the house, sewer overflow wastewater, flooding of the territory with sewage. In some cases, they decide to bury an old hole and dig a new one nearby. You can go the other way and install two cesspools on your site, which would complement each other’s work.

During operation, the cesspool constantly becomes clogged with solid waste, which accumulates at the bottom. If water goes into the ground, fecal matter remains at the bottom, fat accumulates on the walls. Periodically, the cesspool needs to be cleaned independently or with the help of professional equipment. The calls for sewer trucks become more frequent every time, the functioning of the cesspool deteriorates, it no longer absorbs liquids so effectively, even if it has only recently been cleaned. The point is that it gets clogged drainage system and the soil, which over time loses its throughput.

In this case, it is worth thinking about. You can bury the old one, or you can use both to improve the performance of the sewer system.

New cesspool

Note! The construction of a second cesspool will be needed in areas where clay soil or loam predominates. In this way, it is possible to improve the throughput of the soil, as a result of which the cesspool will cope with the processing and absorption of waste faster and more efficiently.

How do two cesspools work?

The principle of operation of two cesspools is quite simple. The advantage of this method is that now pumping and cleaning can be carried out much less frequently, eliminating the possibility of overflowing the cesspool and all the unpleasant consequences of this phenomenon. How do two cesspools on the site work?

Solid and liquid sewage sewer pipe enter the old pit.
Solid waste settles at the bottom of the container, liquids flow through the connecting pipe into the second pit.
In the second cesspool, liquid waste passes through the drainage layer, is cleaned and goes deep into the ground.

During operation, only the first cesspool needs to be cleaned, since all solid waste and fecal matter are retained there. The second tank is used to dispose of only liquid sewage; it gets clogged very rarely; cleaning may need to be done once every two to three years.

Construction

To build a sewer system that involves using two cesspools for waste processing, you need to know some design features such structures. First of all, you should determine the distance between the two cesspools. It depends on the nature of the soil. On sandy soils this distance should be greater than on clay soils. You should also take into account the location of other utility buildings and a residential building.

Material selection

It is best if both tanks are made of the same material. Most often used for this. They are strong, reliable, durable, not susceptible to microorganisms, not subject to deformation, and resistant to chemicals. In addition, concrete rings perfectly strengthen the ground.

Sometimes brickwork is used to build a sewer system with two cesspools, but this option is more expensive and not as reliable.

Subsequence

There is nothing difficult about how to make a second cesspool. If there is already one cesspool, you need to dig a second container. The distance between them should be small so that it is convenient to connect two cesspools. For this you can use plastic or metal pipes. The bottom of the second pit should be covered with a filtration layer. This is crushed stone with sand, construction waste.

Two cesspools on site

Two cesspools are a convenient, economical solution. This design will prevent unpleasant problems from arising, for example, the spread of an unpleasant odor throughout the site or overflowing of the cesspool. The only thing you need to remember is compliance with sanitary and hygienic standards, in particular, at what distance the sewerage system can be located from the well, wells and residential building.