How to make wooden shingles, shingle roofing. Wooden roofing - ecology, economy and reliability What is a wooden roof

First roofing material The roofs of people's homes were reeds and flat stones; as soon as technologies and tools appeared that made it possible to process wood, chips and then shingles began to be used as roofing materials. Later, with the development of technology, more modern materials began to be used. People of the older generation still remember how happy the inhabitants of the Russian outback were at the appearance of ordinary roofing felt; they began to replace shingles everywhere with this roofing material, modern at that time. Slate made a real revolution in construction; this covering made it possible to significantly increase the comfort of living in buildings. Today, this material is hopelessly outdated; it is being replaced by new, more practical coatings.

Before considering the actual performance shingles, we need to find out what they are. Among inexperienced developers there is still a misunderstanding of the differences between shingles and shingles.

Table. How does shingles differ from shingles?

Misunderstanding of the differences leads to inexperienced developers getting confused about materials.

Actual performance characteristics of shingles

It is impossible to obtain objective information from manufacturers; they all only indicate strengths of its products. But is this really so? Let's analyze their advertising brochures, taking into account the many years of experience of using such coatings by our ancestors. How are shingle manufacturers trying to attract customers?

Environmental friendliness

Almost all manufacturers talk about the environmental friendliness of their products. If we consider it from a person’s point of view, then indeed, the tree does not bring him any harm. But this is called safety or harmlessness. Sustainability is related to the ecology of the environment, and lumber is needed to produce shingles. Accordingly, the forest falls, causing great harm to the environment.

Resistance to temperature changes and high humidity

Wood has resins, which significantly slows down the decay process, this is true. Coniferous wood is almost never used for shingles, and only they contain resin. The fact is that these rocks have a large number of knots; such material is unsuitable for shingles. It is made from hardwood that does not have resin. To increase resistance to decay processes, shingles are impregnated with antiseptics; these chemicals cannot in any way be considered safe for the human body.

Like all lumber, wood reacts extremely negatively to increased humidity, due to which not only the service life is reduced, but also problems arise with the need for periodic repairs.

Covering the roof with shingles allows it to breathe

This is true, shingles are not an airtight covering, and the wind is constantly blowing in the attic. Why the roof should breathe is unknown. Another drawback of such a “breathing” roof is that it is very difficult to create attic spaces with shingles, and this is a popular type of structure today.

Durability

Outright deception. Like all lumber, shingles are susceptible to moisture. Accordingly, it rots faster on the roof than indoors. Another problem is that the coating constantly gets wet/dries out and is exposed to direct sunlight. As a result, the sheets become deformed, bend and crack. Elderly people know that the coating must be inspected every summer, and damaged or overly deformed elements must be replaced with new ones. This does not bring joy to users. Besides, after about 10–15 years it needs to be completely changed– the amount of damage becomes critical. Replacement is a very expensive and time-consuming process.

Price

The price of one square meter of shingles is at least three times higher than the cost of metal tiles or flexible coatings made on the basis of modified bitumen. But that’s not all, the estimated cost of the coating increases several times more due to the very high cost roofing works. They can only be done by professional roofers, labor productivity is low, and wages are very high.

Design qualities

There are no comrades according to taste and color - this proverb very accurately characterizes the design qualities of shingles. Some people like antique roofs with curved, blackened shingles, while others prefer modern coverings. There is no point in giving advice; every developer has the right to choose his own style of home. But at the same time, you need to take into account all the actual properties of the shingles described above.

Conclusion - comparing shingles with modern roofing coverings in terms of performance characteristics is the same as comparing a cart with a car in terms of performance. technical parameters. This material is most often used during the restoration of ancient buildings to restore their authentic appearance. Ordinary developers do not cover houses with shingles; it is too expensive and troublesome. Sometimes you can find homestead extensions under shingles, but the average consumer cannot afford such roofing.

Features of shingle manufacturing

To make shingles, you need to make a simple planing machine. It is impossible to do it by hand; wood cannot be split into such thin plates. All manual methods The manufactures found on the Internet describe the production not of shingles, but of shingles or wooden tiles more than a centimeter thick.

Prices for various types of timber

Wood requirements

It has already been mentioned that only deciduous wood is suitable for making shingles; coniferous wood has many knots. The quality, quantity and cost of shingles largely depend on the correct choice of wood. There are a few general requirements to raw materials.

Important. It should be remembered that the yield of ordinary lumber from one round log is no less than 80%, and the yield of shingles from the same round timber is no more than 40%. This significantly increases the cost of roofing material.

How to make a simple machine for shingles

You can make a special machine yourself. To do this, you will need rolled metal (channels, angles, fittings), the assortment does not matter, you can use everything that is at hand. If the channel or I-beam is small, then it is reinforced with angles, rods, etc. It is much cheaper to make a machine from scrap ferrous metals; you can visit recycling collection points and find excellent rental products there at bargain prices.

Important. It is better to buy a knife for the machine; it is very difficult to make it yourself, and the quality will always be much worse than the factory one. And the quality of the knife is crucial when making shingles.

Step 1. Make a stand. The height is approximately 1.0–1.3 m, the main condition is that it allows comfortable work. The frame is welded from rectangular profile pipes 20×40 mm, if they are not available, then any durable rolled metal can be used. It must be borne in mind that quite large loads will be applied to it during planing of shingles; all welded joints must be made reliable. The length of the bed is approximately 2 m, this is quite enough to ensure maximum stroke of the knife and guaranteed stability of the machine during operation.

Step 2. Make a movable table from 50x50 mm corners. It should be smooth, rigid and stable. The knife, drive lever and bearings are subsequently fixed to the table.

Step 3. Weld the strips at an angle in the middle of the table and attach the knife to them.

Practical advice. In order to reduce the amount of scrap, we strongly recommend that the knife is not installed at a right angle to the wooden workpieces, but at a sharp point. Due to this position of the cutting element, cutting processes are significantly improved, and this is very important for thin shingles.

Step 4. Place the table on the bed. The table moves on ball bearings closed type. Do not install simple bearings; chips quickly get between the balls and races, and the bearings jam. Check the smooth movement of the table; there should be no hitches or wobbles. If problems are found, fix them. Attach wooden boards of appropriate length, approximately 20 mm thick, to the surface of the table.

Possible problem - this part needs to be sawed off, but you can’t do this with a grinder

Step 5. Use a cylindrical grinder to remove all burrs and scale, and paint the metal surfaces.

Prices for popular models of angle grinders

Angle Grinder

Step 6. Place ball bearings on the table axles and precisely adjust their positions taking into account the width of the bed.

Step 7 Proceed to assembling the machine elements into a single structure. Check the table stroke and install limiters if necessary. Secure the knife, adjust its position in relation to the surface of the table. This must be done carefully; the thickness of the shingles depends on the height of the knife. Make sure that the cutting edge of the knife is positioned strictly parallel to the plane of the table. If this condition is not met, then the thickness of the shingles in different places will be different. Deviations up to a millimeter are considered non-critical, but more cannot be allowed.

Step 8 Check the operation of the machine while idle. If vibrations or fluctuations are detected, the frame should be strengthened. Use any available metal for these purposes.

Practical advice. In order to reduce the noise of the machine, it is recommended to attach the connecting rod to the table through a rubber bushing.

The machine is ready, you can start making shingles.

Video - Homemade roofing material. Shingles

Video - Homemade roofing material. Shingles. Machine design

How to make shingles yourself

The requirements for raw materials have already been described, do not neglect them. Otherwise, you will waste time, and the whole chock will be scrapped. Before starting work, check the knife, it must be perfectly sharp and in the correct position.

Important. The machine is homemade, you need to work on it very carefully and not forget about safety rules.

How to make shingles

The shingles need to be planed from the selected material; we have already mentioned what criteria to choose it by.

Practical advice. The selection process must be approached creatively; the size of the shingles depends on the size of the workpieces. You shouldn’t try to make everything completely identical, but you shouldn’t allow a large variation in width either. The length should be as uniform as possible within 35–45 cm.

Step 1. Chop a large block in half, and then into several cylinder sectors. In this case, you need to ensure that the length of the arc of the cylinder sector is 5–10 cm greater than the desired width of the shingles. It is worth remembering what a cylinder sector is. This is a part of a cylinder (in our case, a log), limited by two radii and a part of a circle between them.

Step 2. Check the length of the sector, cut a little if necessary. The workpiece must fit freely into the supports of the working movable table.

Step 3. Remove workplace. There should be no production waste, pieces of wood, cuttings, etc. lying under your feet. Always remember safety precautions.

Step 4. Turn on the machine and place the workpiece on the work table in one of the corners of the sector. Remove a section of wood until a flat section is approximately 10cm long.

Step 5. Turn the workpiece over to the other side and remove the same section of the workpiece. Turn it with the other one towards the knife and remove the entire arc of the sector, at the same time the tree bark is removed. After this, the cross-section of the workpiece should look like a sector with parallel side edges, the distance between them equal to the width of the shingles. Unfortunately, it is impossible to describe all practical situations. The more experience you have, the faster the work will go, the less waste there will be. Theoretical knowledge without practice is nothing, you have to try to do everything yourself. There is no need to believe those who claim that making shingles is easy and simple, this is not so. You must have sufficient experience working with wood to make the right decisions in each specific case. During preparation of the segment, it must be constantly kept in one position.

Important. Safety regulations recommend wearing mittens when working with wood; they protect against splinters. That's right, mittens protect your hands from splinters. But safety precautions were developed for industrial equipment and are not written separately for each homemade machine. Industrial woodworking machines have a protected area cutting tools, gloved hands cannot get there. There is no such protection on a homemade machine. If you work on it with gloves on, then there is a big risk that they can be grabbed by a knife. It moves relatively slowly and will not cut off a piece of a thick mitten, but will pull the entire hand under the workpiece. The consequences will be very unpleasant. It is better to work without mittens and risk splinters than to wear them and suffer a serious injury to your entire hand.

Step 6. Remove waste from under the machine and start planing shingles.

Practical advice. When aligning the arc, pay attention to how the knife cuts the wood - along or across the grain. You only need to cut lengthwise; in the opposite direction they rise, the surface is rough, and explosions are possible. If the direction is incorrect, then while planing the shingles, turn the workpiece to the other side.

Hold the sector by the upper corner, this is the core of the tree, shingles are not made from it. There are recommendations to chop the wood at an angle of 30° or 40°. It's all nonsense. You need to chop in such a way as to increase the amount of high-quality shingles and reduce waste. The decision is made by the master depending on the diameter of the log, its condition and the required width of the shingles. There are no general universal recommendations, which is why practical experience is important, and not just theoretical knowledge. The theory can be explained in a few minutes, but experience is gained through years of work.

Step 7 Collect planed shingles in a stack and sort by width. The fact is that the workpiece was planed by eye, the less experience, the greater the dispersion in size, it is advisable to even it out a little. Select 8-10 shingles of approximately the same width, align the bends, lay them on a level table and install all the lower side edges in the same plane. The top ones will be at different heights.

Step 8 Turn on the machine and align the shingles to the width. This should be done several times for each batch of shingles. They need to be selected in such a way as to reduce the amount of waste; you should not put shingles with a large difference in height into one pile.

This operation may not be necessary; the width of the shingles can vary widely. But some developers want to have a more or less symmetrical roof, and for this they need shingles of the same size.

Step-by-step instructions for covering a roof

For example, consider covering a roof with shingles 45 cm long; fixation is done with nails made of stainless alloys. The sheathing is made of 20x30 mm slats with a step of 20 cm along the lines of symmetry. The sheathing pitch is selected taking into account the length of the shingles. You need to keep in mind that it is fixed approximately in the middle, the lower overhang is not nailed down. This fastening method not only increases the tightness of the roof, but also prevents cracking of the material. The shingles are very thin; if you drive nails in near the edge, cracks may appear.

Step 1. Temporarily nail a board to the roof at a distance of 15–50 mm to control the amount of overhang. At the same time, this strip will align the ends of the covering; they will be located on the same line.

Step 2. Lay out the first row of shingles and align the ends. To regulate the amount of overhang at the edges, you can use a piece of slats 5–10 cm long; apply it to the wind board and thus control the position of the outer elements. Nail the first row.

Step 3. The first row is made double, which increases the service life of the roofing. It is in the lower part that there is most water; it must be further strengthened. And, of course, it is needed to cover the cracks of the first. The second row of shingles should protrude beyond the first by 1–2 cm; taking this requirement into account, lay the material on the roof. Secure it with nails.

Practical advice. To speed up and facilitate roofing work, it is recommended to make a simple template. It is made of slats and is necessary to control the position of the lower end of each row. The template is a long strip with two nailed vertical stops. The stops are temporarily fixed to the sheathing, and the shingles rest against the batten. If you don’t want to make a template, then for each row you will have to pull the rope, which takes much more time. In addition, the shingles cannot rest against the rope, so you have to waste time manually aligning the position of each roof element.

Step 4. Lay out the next row, making sure that the joints of the bottom row overlap the shingles of the top row by at least three centimeters wide. The rows of shingles should be parallel to the ridge of the roof. Be sure to leave a gap of 5–6 mm between the elements; it is needed to compensate for linear expansions that occur after the wood gets wet. If there is no gap, the coating may be undermined. As a result, leaks will have to be eliminated. It is necessary to choose the correct position of the joints due to the different widths of the shingles.

If you have little practical construction experience and have doubts about the eye, it is recommended to first beat off the nailing line with a marking cord. Make sure that it is located approximately in the middle of the sheathing slats and must be covered by the next row.

Step 5. The last row at the ridge will have to be laid without a template under a stretched rope. It is better to trim the protruding part of the shingles above the ridge after it is installed. To do this, use a hand-held electric circular saw. Using the same method, you can also level the protruding parts of the shingles near the wind boards. The shingles must be laid carefully; if they are very thin and long, there is a risk of mechanical damage under the weight of the roofers. Use special mobility devices on the roof.

And one more important point. Always pay attention to the location of the fibers; water should flow along them and not against the wool. The directions of the fibers are visible with slight bending, and experienced builders determine this parameter without bending.

Video - How to make shingles

Video - Wooden tiles in Switzerland. Manufacturing and installation.

The return to natural building materials is due not only to fashionable environmental arguments, although there is no doubt about their persuasiveness. Organic matter created by nature spontaneously adapts to the living conditions of its owners at a unique intellectual level. It is completely recycled after wear, without disturbing the natural balance either during or after use. Among the materials that have “surfaced” from the depths of time are shingles and other types of wooden roofing, firmly forgotten due to their considerable cost and labor-intensive installation. However, it is possible to cover a roof with shingles very economically. The technology is not complicated, but diligence and baggage simple rules the future roofer needs to stock up.

Advantages of a wooden roof

It’s easy to guess that the installation of wooden shingles will involve meticulous fastening of each individual element. If you are interested in a budget wooden roof, you will also need to make the material yourself. But thanks to the excellent insulating properties of wood, the owners will not be disturbed by the sound of rain and cats prancing on the roof. And the structure will become unique due to the inimitable effect of the wooden plates.

All types of roofing coverings, united under the technological name “shingle roofing,” work on the principle of a fir cone. When wet, their elements swell, as if they close together, turning into a barrier to atmospheric moisture. In dry weather, the wood shrinks, allowing air to circulate freely in the roof gaps and in the under-roof space. That is, both waterproofing and ventilation are carried out independently by natural organic matter. Therefore, wooden roof structures for the most part do not require the installation of steam and waterproof layers, if the slope angle of the slopes is not lower than the limits specified in DIN 68119.

Types of Wood Roofing Sheets

To install a bathhouse roof, you can buy factory-made material or make it yourself. Factory-made options will not please you with their cheapness, but you will be impressed by the complete readiness for installation or the artistic carving of the lower edge. Elements of shingle coverings differ in manufacturing technology, configuration and installation method. Based on the listed differences, they are divided into the following types:

• Shingles are the covering that gave the name to all types in this category. It consists of individual sawn or chipped plates, the longitudinal section of which can be strictly rectangular, trapezoidal, or may resemble a dovetail. In the case of the tail, planks tongued in this way are not only attached to the sheathing, but are also connected to each other using a tongue-and-groove pattern. In the case of using non-grooved material, i.e. trapezoidal and rectangular elements, fastening to the sheathing and connecting to each other is carried out only with the help of nails or self-tapping screws. The fastener passes through two plates without a tongue and goes all the way into the lath by 2 cm.

Note! Sawn material is noticeably inferior in terms of operational and technical specifications chopped analogue. During the sawing process, the natural structure of the wood fibers is disrupted, which is why it cannot withstand external negative factors.

• Shingles and chips are simplified variations on the theme of shingles, differing only in dimensions and thickness. The length of the roofing shingles is usually from 40 cm to 1 m, the chips are smaller. Both wood chips and shingles are made with your own hands by chopping wood into uncalibrated planks. The log for the logs must be thick and well-dried, otherwise many planks will be wasted. If you chop lumber with a moisture content of less than 18%, the elements will crack when drying. If you use the soft center of the log - sapwood, the planks will not withstand long-term use. In addition, there should be no knots or snags on the elements of the roofing shingles, as well as through cracks and areas prone to rot. It is optimal to use aspen or alder; soft coniferous species are suitable. The shingles on the roof are laid according to the checkerboard principle in two, three, four or five layers with overlaps, both horizontally and vertically.

Note. For proper fit, the side edges of the boards are chamfered. At an angle of 45º it must be done in the same direction on both sides. Craftsmen who know very well how to make shingles recommend chamfering the outer transverse edge for beauty and the inner one for a better fit.

• Shindel is a tile made of wood, mounted overlapping, but not in a clear checkerboard pattern, but with some displacement of the elements. This prototype of modern flexible tiles do not attach rigidly to the sheathing. There should be some screw left. Elements of wooden shingles are not installed tightly to each other to ensure the ability to increase in size from moisture without “swelling” of the planks resting against each other. When making a spindle, it is important to take into account the location of the structural rings of wood, otherwise, with repeated drying and moistening, the material will warp in a direction that is not necessary for the owner.
• The ploughshare is a legendary covering that adorned wooden churches and boyar mansions in Rus' with carved splendor. Each ploughshare is piece of art, entirely created by the skilled hands of a master. For production, only aspen and hand tools are used. Wood is harvested during the period of active circulation of the greatest amount of sap through the fibers - at the end of spring. A lot of carefully selected lumber goes into creating the plowshare elements, which resemble a paddle with a carved edge. An expensive pleasure is extremely rarely ordered from specialized artels for the decoration of small-sized architectural forms.

• Tes - coniferous boards laid on roofs along the eaves line or across. The second option is the most practical, as it lasts much longer. A groove is cut in the center of the boards installed across the cornice to allow water to drain. The roof is installed from planks in two layers, staggered, with or without a gap between the boards. Fastening is done with one nail. The boards of the top layer are well planed and positioned so that the core “looks” out. The boards of the bottom layer do not need to be planed; they are installed with the core down. If the installation direction is chosen along the eaves line, installation begins with fastening the sheathing board against which the first row will rest. Installation is carried out with an overlap of 5 cm of each subsequent row on the previous board.

Inexperienced home handyman It is possible to independently produce shingles or wood chips, which does not require special skills or qualifications as a wood carver. Despite the ease of processing lumber with natural humidity, it cannot be used, you need to stack the logs and dry them. It will take 3 years for a log to “mature” until it is ready; the process can be accelerated by sawing it into logs with a minimum length of 40 cm. Then the logs will be ready in six months, but it is better to wait 9 months. It is very difficult to split dried hard rock, but in order to obtain wear-resistant roofing shingles it is worth the effort.

Calculation of the amount of lumber for the roof

Naturally, there are few people who want to discover the shortage of the coating that has been prepared for installation for so long. Therefore, it is better to calculate the required number of logs in advance. There are special tables for calculating the amount of factory material. Using them, the number of planks required for laying in two or three rows on a slope with a certain slope can be easily calculated. The material is usually purchased with a 5% reserve in case of an unsuccessful attempt to hammer a nail. The home roofer also needs to focus on the roof area, the size of which depends on the steepness of the upper enclosing structure. However, first you need to calculate how many plates are needed to cover one meter.

Note. The optimal slope of a roof with wooden tiles is 55º-71º. Roofers consider the slope figure to be an indicator equivalent to the service life of the coating. The critical limit of the slope angle is 14º-18º. The higher the slope, the more material is needed for its construction.

A four-meter log from which wooden shingles will be produced can be divided into a maximum of 10 lumps. One block will produce 3 or 4 boards with a width of about 15 cm. Precise calibration of the elements is not required. 7 plates can be laid along the longitudinal line per meter of roofing. Further calculations depend on the number of coating layers. With a three-layer installation used for home improvement, only a third of the element reaches the daytime surface.

Over bathhouses, gazebos, and verandas, wooden tiles are usually laid in two layers. This means that the number of plates produced needs to be doubled, we get 14. With a two-layer laying with an overlap of the previous row of 10 cm, 30 cm of boards will “peek out” from under the next row. That is, approximately 3 rows go vertically. Let's multiply and round, we get 42 elements, but it is better to count on 50. The remainder will not be lost in any case. Shingles can be used to decorate the pediment, façade, or cover the walls inside.

Note. To make the first row from the eaves overhang and for the ridge analogue, the plates are made shorter.

Shingling technology

Wood roofing is classified as a medium-heavy structure; roofing shingles will not weigh more than 17 kg. There is no need for a powerful rafter system for it. But the sheathing must be constructed in increments depending on the spacing of the elements. Experienced craftsmen advise building the sheathing with a continuous flooring without gaps from the board. In the case we are considering, installing shingles in two layers of lath, you need to install them every 30 cm.

Note. Lathing pitch for a three-layer device finished roof calculated by dividing the length of the element by 3. Rounding down.

The plates are fastened with galvanized self-tapping screws designed for working with wood, special screw-shaped or grooved nails. The fasteners are placed in the two upper corners of the shingles, no closer than 2 cm to the edge.

Attention! In the case of a wooden roof with insulation, direct contact between the shingles and waterproofing material unacceptable. A ventilation gap must be formed between them by installing a counter-lattice. Ventilation will not be required if a superdiffusion membrane is used as an insulating layer.

The main components of a wooden roof are built according to the same technological principle for all roofs. A hermetically sealed tin apron is required around the chimney and along the connection lines. Valley and convex corners are laid in a fan pattern. The ridge can be decorated by laying two joined long boards, installing short boards with an overlap similar to the structure of a ridge for ceramic tiles. You can lay a shingle on the ridge - a full-length log with a longitudinal groove formed for inserting the upper edges of the shingles under it.

The now fashionable wooden roof is perhaps one of the greatest roofing “luxuries”. Roof of three to four hundred square meters will cost almost a million rubles. However, having studied the issue and mastered some skills, it is quite possible not only to build such a roof yourself, but also to make the material for it yourself. And it will cost an order of magnitude cheaper.

What is a wooden roof

We know many architectural monuments of antiquity, and most of them are covered with wood. In forest-rich Russia, this was the best and most affordable roofing material. However, today's fashion for wooden roofs comes not from Russian antiquity, but from modern Europe. They did not stop using wood for these purposes, since modernizing old houses in Holland, Switzerland, and France is prohibited by law.

Shingled house in the Swiss Alps is protected by the state

Wooden roof in in a general sense- this is a roof made entirely of wood, with the exception of fastening materials - nails or screws. Although in ancient Rus' and the fastening tenons were made of wood. Let us at least remember the famous churches that have survived: in Spas-Vezhi (1628), Yuryev (1718), Yanidor in the Perm region (1702), Varzuga in the Murmansk region (1674), Kizhi on Onega Island (1714).

Advantages and disadvantages of wooden roofing

Fashion is fashion, but we need to understand what we are up to in our quest to make our home beautiful.

The advantages of such a roof are very significant:

Of course, there are also disadvantages:

1. Fragility in case of improper installation or use of unstable wood. A roof made of aspen shingles is designed to last only 8 years, and a roof made of pine planks - up to 20 years.
2. High cost of material and labor.
3. In the case of independent execution, there is a large labor cost for installation, which implies scrupulous fixation of each, often very small, element.
4. Low fire resistance. Some danger remains even with careful impregnation of each element with modern fire retardants, proper design of fire-fighting materials around the pipe areas and installation of anti-spark deflectors on pipes and lightning rods.
5. Strict requirements for the slope of the slope. Wooden roofing does not rot or leak under sufficient conditions. large slope roofs - from 18 to 70 o, ideally 40-45 o.

Construction, material and characteristics of a wooden roof

In order to correctly understand what a wooden roof is, to understand the intricacies of choosing and laying its different types, you need to have a good knowledge of the structure of the roof in principle and the materials suitable for such a roof.

Structural terminology of the roof in general

During design and construction roofing structures It is customary to use the following terms.

Choosing wood for roofing

Wooden roofing is made from any wood, but in most cases coniferous is preferable: spruce, cedar, larch (only soft linden or aspen are needed for the ploughshare). Coniferous varieties contain resins and essential substances, natural antiseptics against bacteria and fungi.

Roofing from coniferous tree even without treatment with a synthetic antiseptic, it will last twice as long as deciduous.

Working with raw lumber

Ideally, all types of roofing material are made from large trunks - 40-80 centimeters - in diameter, but smaller ones can be used for wood chips and shingles. Of course, the log should not have knots or through cracks, wane, blue stains, or damage by insects. The wetter the logs, the easier they are to process, but the longer the plates are after drying. A sawn log takes three years to dry, so it is advisable to saw it for faster drying into churaki (logs) 40-70 centimeters long and remove the bark. Then the drying time is reduced to six months. It is not recommended to use the middle of the log (sapwood), as well as the outer side (sapwood), for roofing elements; they are not strong enough. Finished plates of any type must be dried in packs to a moisture content of 25% - it is quite difficult to determine the finished state of the wood by eye, but it will take three to four months.

It is also necessary to take into account the location of the annual rings of wood - the more frequent they are, the stronger the elements of the wooden roof.

Types of wooden roofing coverings

The name “wooden roofing” combines quite a few varieties. They differ:

• by quality and type of wood;
• by installation methods;
• according to the shape and type of plates.

Let's look at the types of plates, since they determine everything else.

Shingle

The word “shingle”, along with the principles of application, came from Poland. Formally, this term combines shingles, wood chips, and shindel.

Shingles (from the Polish word gont) are thin and short wooden plates or planks used to cover roofs - “shingles”.

Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron

https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%A1%D0%91%D0%95/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82

Shingles are made in two ways.

1. Split shingles are dies that break off from a block using a splitting cleaver, but due to inaccurate manufacturing, they do not connect well and warp more. In addition, split shingles require more wood and labor, so they cost more.
2. Sawn shingles are produced using special machines. It has a lower cost, but when cutting, the structure of the fibers is disrupted and moisture penetrates better into the rough surface after sawing, so the service life of sawn shingles is shorter.

Based on the type of section, shingles are divided into two types.

Due to the complex design of the plates, a tongue-and-groove shingle roof is very durable, but it is almost impossible to make it yourself.

Shingles and wood chips

Non-grooved shingles come in lenticular or rectangular sections and are then called shingles.

Shingles got their name from the verb “to tear” - plates 35-100 centimeters long, 15-20 centimeters wide, and a centimeter thick are cut or chipped from a log or lump along the fibers.

If coniferous species are used, then the shingles are split manually using a cleaver (special ax) and a “dryna” - a beater.

If soft linden or aspen are used, a shingle machine works better. The historical machine for “drawing” was called a mahal. The master “waves” a log with a knife attached to it, which splits off the shingles from the attached block.

It is quite possible to make such a machine yourself. You need to movably fasten the end of a heavy log about three meters long with a pin to a heavy long base. Attach a latch for the block on the base a meter from the kingpin, and on the log - a knife-clip with a length of at least 50 centimeters. A handle is attached to the second end of the log for convenience. True, only a physically strong person can work on such a machine.

Video: homemade machine for tearing

Properly made shingles are plastic, do not flake, on the one hand it is smooth and even (and is laid with this side down), on the other it is splintered, which is precisely why it does not crack when driving a nail. It bends only towards the smooth surface. The finished roof is very beautiful and looks like wrinkled scales.

Thin (up to 10 millimeters, and usually 2-3 millimeters) non-grooved shingles of rectangular cross-section are called chips or shavings. It is planed from blocks of equal length and width either by machine or by hand. On the upper side of the chips there are always “splits” that are noticeable when bent. The wood chips must be laid with the smooth surface down, and the “pins” must be directed towards the eaves of the roof so that water flows down them. Chips make it easy to create a coating with a large number of layers, which increases the protective properties of the roof in all respects.

Video: features of roofing chips

Production required quantity chips or shingles and their installation are quite within the capabilities of any meticulous non-professional.

Video: installation of shingles

Shindel (wooden tiles)

Shindel is often confused with shingles. This is, of course, one of its options, but more labor-intensive to manufacture. Name " wood shingles"more fair. Its form and name came to us from Europe: scindula from the Latin verb scindere - to split. Wood preparation is similar to that used in the production of non-grooved shingles and shingles. But then each plate is individually planed on all sides - the thickness is removed from one end, where it will be attached. For a better fit, the plates are butted on the sides, and a transverse chamfer is removed from the bottom edge to facilitate water drainage, or its entire geometry is changed - the edge is rounded or takes on a different shape.

Self-production Shindel is almost impossible due to the incredible complexity.

Video: serial production of schindel

The ploughshare is the most beautiful of all types of wooden roofing; it resembles a concave blade with carvings along the edge. The already mentioned churches of the 17th-18th centuries are covered with a ploughshare. And also - boyar mansions and wooden palaces. The ploughshare is made only from soft aspen, cut down in late spring, with the maximum amount of sap. Each petal is a unique piece of art. It takes a lot of wood and a huge amount of manual labor. Therefore, the ploughshare is now used only for the restoration of old and - rarely - for the construction of new churches. When covering a dome, each row has its own “patterns” that differ in curvature. Due to humidity and time, the ploughshare bends even more and creates an impeccable dome shape.

The ploughshare represents true ancient art. I saw temples whose heads were covered with ploughshares. It looks incredible. They are covered with a noble silver patina and shine in the sun. It's as if the heads are covered with pure silver.

Video: how a ploughshare is made today in one of the monasteries

Only a very few professional woodworkers can use the plowshare.

Tes (plank roof)

Tes are simply boards, often equal in length to the size of the slope or half of it. Initially, they were split from a long log with an ax, and then hewn to a more or less flat surface - hence the name. From that time, only grooves remained on the upper side of the boards for quick drainage of water.

The boards are laid perpendicular to the ridge in three ways:

In all cases, the boards of the bottom row are laid with the core down, and the top row - out. Then, when the boards of both rows are deformed, they will create an airtight structure.

You can lay the democratic plank yourself.

Do-it-yourself wooden roof installation

Having studied the types of wooden coverings, we begin to select them, while simultaneously assessing our own capabilities.

Choosing a wooden covering

In a very traditional Russian house, passed down from my great-grandfather to my cousin, the outbuildings are covered with wood chips - there are many buildings, their roof area is quite large. These roofs are about a hundred years old. They have never been repaired and still do not leak. True, there are many layers there - five or six, and the thickness of the roof is 7-8 centimeters. The size of the spruce plates is approximately 10x40 centimeters, thickness - 3-4 millimeters. Their great-grandfather personally pinched them with a cleaver. The cleaver has also been preserved - special, with a long and thin sting, similar to a scythe. They said that the thicker the chips, the worse it will be, the more it will warp. The nails there are still antique: iron, very thin and long, their length is enough for all the layers. The wood chips lie on a sparse sheathing of poles about five centimeters in diameter, hewn from the top and bottom sides. The slope is quite steep, about 35 o. There is no hydro-, steam-, or other insulation there, just an ordinary attic with a log ceiling, so you can look at the roof from below, from the attic. Everything there is also completely intact. The sheds and storerooms are quite warm, very dry, and the attics are also very cozy. Knowing about these roofs, remembering them from childhood, I am absolutely sure that if we want a durable and inexpensive wooden roof, then shingles or wood chips are the ideal solution. I can confidently recommend shingles for self-laying, as the most economical and easy-to-implement material.

Lumber calculation

When doing calculations for the article, as always, I was faced with insufficient initial conditions. Therefore, everything can be calculated only by setting the conditions approximately. Well, at least we’ll show the way for the interested reader. Let's assume that we already have an assembled rafter structure gable roof with slope dimensions of 6x8.3 meters. This means that we already have a roof area of ​​100 square meters. Let’s also assume that we will do without any types of insulation, which means without a counter-lattice. And in our building there is no stove heating, which means there are no pipes. And we will lay the wood chips in three layers, considering that this is enough for our structure.

1. According to reference books and the experience of professionals, on average, per square meter of roofing with a three-layer installation will require 100 plates, and special shingles or chip nails - 110 grams. For 100 square meters there are 10,000 pieces of wood chips and 11 kilograms of nails. We will add the required 25% for errors and defects. That makes 12,500 pieces and about 14 kilograms of stainless steel nails.
2. A six-meter pine log with a diameter of 50 centimeters, after removing the sapwood, is divided on average into 60 quarters of logs. Each yields approximately 40 successful chips. The simplest calculation shows: we will need 12,500 /(60 · 40) ≈ 7 logs, which is approximately 6 m3.
3. Chips are the lightest of all types of wood shingles. It is permissible to make the lathing for it from 40x40 mm timber. The sheathing pitch is dictated by the number of layers of chips. With three layers, two-thirds of the plate should be covered, with four, three-quarters. Therefore, our lathing pitch should be 160 mm, and the required number of beams is 104, which, together with the reserve, will be 130 pcs. There are 416 beams in 1 m3. Therefore, we need 0.35 m 3 of timber. It’s good to make a template in advance equal to the pitch of the sheathing.

Our roof has no valleys or ribs. But to strengthen the slopes and the ridge, you will need a certain amount of edged pine boards 30x150x6000 - no more than 0.5 m 3. And roofing felt for the ridge. You will also need about five kilograms of stainless steel screws.

Having made inquiries about average prices this season and in the Moscow region, I compiled the data into a rough table.

Table: cost of materials for shingle roofing

As we can see, the price turned out to be very reasonable.

Required Tools

We will need:

• saw - two-handed or circular;
• axe;
• a machine for cutting wood chips or a special long cleaver;
• template for installation of sheathing;
• plane;
• screwdriver;
• hammer;
• level;
• scissors for cutting roofing felt;
• mittens.

Installation of shingle roofing

The complete sequence of installation of a shingle roof is described below, starting with the manufacture of plates and ending with the installation of the ridge element.

1. We cut logs into logs.
2. We trim them from the sapwood.

   
   We clear the churak from the sapwood. On the overhang and in the ridge part of the shingled roof, you need to make a continuous sheathing of two or three boards, depending on the number of layers of coating

3. We begin to lay the chips from the bottom up so that they hang 40 millimeters over the edge of the sheathing. It wears out faster on an overhang, so we lay one more layer there. We calculated the thickness of the board so that, compared to the thickness of the timber, it will leave room for an extra layer on the overhang.
4. For the first row we use shorter plates - 350 millimeters long in three layers.

   
   The first layer is laid from shorter chips

5. We place the first plate at an angle of 15-25 o in relation to the base (board). To achieve this, we place a small sliver of wood under it and secure it with a nail. Then we place the second one on the first chip with an overlap of 25-30 millimeters, and it already turns out to be with the correct slope. Each plate is nailed separately. The first layer is placed from left to right, the second - vice versa, the third - like the first, etc.
6. We cover the first three layers with one layer of standard length with the direction opposite to the previous layer. He's already moving to the second row. All four layers should have the bottom edge aligned. This is achieved using a temporary board, which is attached so as to create a stop for the ends of the plates.
7. We lay the second row in the opposite direction to the previous layer so that it overlaps the previous one by two-thirds of its length (about 15 millimeters). We fix each plate.

   
   The direction of laying chips in each next row must be reversed

8. We continue installation according to the same principle. At each point of the roof we will have three layers.
9. We lay a ridge row, also from short plates.
10. We repeat all previous operations with another roof slope.
11. We cover the ridge with a strip of roofing material about 30 centimeters wide.
12. We prepare a wooden gutter from two boards, for which we plan them from the outside and nail them together at an angle. If the angle should not be straight, then first remove the excess with a plane.
13. We place the gutter on the ridge on top of the converging chips and nail it with long nails. Then we paint it with oil paint in several layers or impregnate it with molten bitumen.

    
    A ridge gutter made of two boards crowns our roof.

Installation features for more complex roofing structures

Of course, the ideal conditions we have considered almost never occur in life. Let's briefly look at possible difficulties.

Video: this is what a finished chip roof looks like

A hand-laid wooden roof, if done well, requires almost no maintenance. Just sweep away leaves from it in time in autumn and snow in early spring - and you’ll be long years free from worries.

In recent years, developers of private houses have become more strict about the environmental safety of housing and are picky when choosing building materials. People are tired of the bustle and pollution of big cities, so they are increasingly looking for unity with nature. They give preference to natural facade and roofing materials, in particular, wooden roofing. But in addition to the environment, developers are also concerned about another aspect - the cost-effectiveness of construction and the reliability of construction. Let's talk about wooden roofing - what it is and how profitable its construction is.

Wood roofing

Wooden roofing belongs to the elite category. Although it has a centuries-old history, nowadays it can often be found in suburban areas.

Wooden roofing has all the basic properties of an elite structure: environmental friendliness, high degree of thermal and sound insulation, stylish and unique appearance and compliance with the traditions of Russian architecture

Then why elite? First of all, thanks to its rare properties:

And most importantly, the soul of the master lives in it - in every block, plank, carved fragment, starting from old Russian shingles and ending with the elegant European Holzschindeln (wooden schindel). The most capricious types of wood are submitted to the hands of craftsmen. They come to life, turning into amazingly beautiful products.

Wood in the hands of a true master seems to come to life, with its help creations of amazing beauty are created

But along with its uniqueness, wooden roofing also has disadvantages:

• increased risk of fire;
• labor-intensive manufacturing and, as a result, high price.

Therefore, not every developer, unfortunately, has the opportunity to build such a beautiful and environmentally friendly roof.

New technologies and an original design approach allow you to experiment and find the most daring solutions for arranging wooden roofs, but not everyone can pay for such beauty

Video: how our ancestors built

Materials for wooden roofing

Blanks for wooden covering flooring are made from cedar, oak and spruce, larch and aspen. If once upon a time in Rus' aspen was mainly used, today larch is used. It is resistant to rotting, which makes all kinds of protective impregnations and painting unnecessary. That is, it is a 100% environmentally friendly material.

Archaeologists have found larch buildings underground that are more than fifteen centuries old. The larch was petrified, but did not rot or collapse.

In addition, it has a high volumetric heat capacity - the ability to accumulate heat and smooth out temperature fluctuations. Under a larch roof it will be cool in summer and warm in winter. But the most interesting thing is the wonderful aesthetic qualities of larch: any of the 12 available color shades in combination with pronounced growth rings will give finished products unique charm.

Skillfully selected elements of larch wood flooring with a smooth transition of shades from milky to dark create a mesmerizing and eye-catching roof design

Wooden roof made of planks

Roofing boards are unedged softwood boards formed when longitudinal sawing logs, with two grooves on the sides for water drainage. This lumber has a thickness of 19–25 mm, a length of 4–6.5 m and a width of 10–16 cm.

Many experts consider the disadvantage of shingle roofs to be that they leak over time due to the drying out of the boards. But the durability of the roof directly depends on the quality of the source material, and if you use hewn larch or pine boards, then such a roof will last 20 years or more. In addition, the roof made of planks has a simple rafter system, is easy to install and has good maintainability. And if we add here the low cost, then tes can be considered a worthy roofing covering for connoisseurs of environmental friendliness and attractive appearance.

The roof made of planks in gray-greenish tones looks elegant and strict and is fully consistent with the traditions of wooden roofing.

Wooden roof made from ploughshare

Ploughshare is a hand-planed, spade-shaped wooden tile with pointed, rounded or figured edges. It is made mainly from aspen, harvested in early April, when the tree is filled with sap. When exposed to air, wood over time gains strength equal to stone and acquires a silvery color.

The ability of aspen to change color and its strength have found worthy use in the creation of hand-made tiles

The manual production of the ploughshare, of course, affected its price. In addition, not every type of wood is suitable for ploughshares. Therefore, it is used mainly for covering churches, giving them extraordinary beauty.

Due to the high cost of the ploughshare, it is mainly used to cover the domes of Orthodox churches

Video: making a ploughshare

For the first time, seeing the domes made of aspen ploughshare, shining in the sun, many foreigners mistake them for silver.

Nevertheless, the ploughshare looks gorgeous both on grandiose domes and on the smallest buildings. But due to its high cost, it is not yet widespread in private construction.

Even on a small building, a ploughshare roof looks charming

Video: ploughshare - preparations for the roof of the bathhouse

Wooden shingle roofing

Shingles are a roofing material known since ancient times, which allows you to simply and quickly install a roof that will serve well for many years. Modern shingles are lightweight, hand-made boards made from valuable tree species- fir, larch, linden, spruce, beech, aspen or pine.

Shingles are thin planks made of alder, aspen, spruce and other valuable types of wood, which are distinguished by their ease of installation and richness of colors.

For high-quality shingles, it is very important to choose good wood - smooth round timber without knots or ornateness, which is cut and split into pieces to make plates 3–8 mm thick. New shingles are initially light in color.

Fresh shingles are light in color and harmonize wonderfully with the dark facade

But as it dries, it darkens, gradually acquiring a silver color.

Over time, the shingles change their original color and become silver - this color was considered a symbol of nobility in the Middle Ages

Wooden shingle roofing is suitable for use in any region with different climatic conditions.

It easily withstands abnormal heat and harsh winters, heavy rains, snowfalls and hurricane winds. In houses under such a roof, a microclimate that is especially favorable for residents is created.

Roofing shingles can be sawn, split and mosaic. The most beautiful, of course, is the mosaic one. It costs a little more, but when treated with special impregnations it retains its natural beauty for a long time.

Roofing made from mosaic shingles looks especially attractive, reminiscent of the famous Shinglas tiles, but is of a higher quality

Video: making shingles from a wooden box

The roofing material shingles are planks 50–70 cm long. One side edge (feather) is sharpened, and the second - thicker - has a groove for the entrance of the feather of the plate lying next to it.

The shingles are connected to each other using a lock in the thickened part, made in the form of a groove for the pointed edge of the adjacent plate

Shingle roofing is a successful interweaving of historical heritage and newfangled architectural designs. It will gracefully fit into any landscape and emphasize the beauty of the buildings on it, be it a house, separate non-residential premises or buildings for various purposes collected under one roof.

Shingle roofing fits well into any landscape and allows you to beautifully combine all the buildings on the site under one amazingly beautiful roof

Shingles can be sawn or chipped. Sawn products have strictly verified geometric shape. The roofs are more neat and modern. This type of shingle is mainly used in the construction of private houses.

Sawn shingles on the roof look neat and smooth due to their strict geometry

Split shingles have uneven plate thickness, which makes installation much more difficult. And the method of its production is more labor-intensive. Accordingly, the price of split shingles is higher. It is used for roofing in antique-style houses.

Shredded shingles are difficult to install, but antique-style homes with roofing made from this material look stunningly beautiful

Roofs look unusual and beautiful, where each top row is laid at an angle to the planks of the previous one.

There are strict requirements for the manufacture of shingles, which is why they are mainly made from larch. Aspen and pine are used much less frequently.

Video: making Swiss shingles for finishing roofs and facades

Wooden roof from shingle

Shindel - natural construction material, used for roofing and façade cladding. Its second name is wooden tiles. Made using old German technology, it has soft shapes, thanks to which it can serve as a covering for roofs of any shape.

The soft shapes of wooden tiles make it possible to equip roofs of any configuration

And the presence of a gray-silver coating, which this roofing material acquires over time, gives houses the sophistication and charm of the distant past.

A roof made of gray-silver shingle gives the house an antique charm and makes you want to think about the past while contemplating the present.

The properties of the spindle, determined by the technology of its manufacture, provide wide scope for the use of this coating. It perfectly tolerates sudden temperature changes, eliminates so-called cold bridges and prevents freezing of joints, which significantly reduces heating costs.

As a result, it is also readily used for cladding facades, on which it looks no less colorful.

Wooden tiles (shingles) create a special comfortable microclimate in the house, therefore they are widely used for cladding facades

Wooden shingles are made from beech, spruce and larch. More expensive and refined materials are made from Canadian red cedar, oak or Alaskan yellow cedar. The shape of the spindle can be rectangular or conical with chamfers of 45 or 90°. Its length usually ranges from 200–800 mm, and its width is 60–250 mm.

Different shapes and sizes of the spindle allow you to create captivating roofs on slopes with different slopes

Video: wooden tiles in Germany - production and installation

Wooden roof installation

There are several nuances when arranging a wooden roof, observing which you can achieve its durability and durability.

Wooden roof knots

The supporting units of a wooden roof are divided into:

Hard knots

Sliding knots Sliding (movable) support units give relative freedom to the rafters.

They are made in order to prevent deformation and destruction of a wooden roof due to wood shrinkage.

An indispensable condition for the installation of sliding units is a strong ridge beam.

1. Since the lower parts of the rafters will be sliding, the maximum rigidity of the connection falls on the ridge ridge.
2. The upper edges of the rafters are sawed down for tight adhesion to each other and to the ridge beam.

The joints are reinforced with plates and corners, metal strips or crossbars. They are fixed with sliding modules - “sleds” or “sliders”.

Sliding (moving) support units are made in order to prevent deformation and destruction of the wooden roof due to wood shrinkage

Wooden roof diagram Speaking about the structure of a wooden roof, one cannot fail to mention its layers - roofing pie

• . If you look at the diagram of the structure of an old Russian hut, you will notice that our ancestors did not use insulation, steam and waterproofing insulators. The main elements of the pie were:
• bull (rafters);
• sleg (lathing);
• ohlupen (ridge beam);
• tes (bottom layer of boards);
• red plank (top layer of boards);
• gutter (gutter system);

The boards were fastened with bends (long poles) in the middle of the slope.

The roof structure of an old Russian hut differs from a modern one: it lacks insulation and insulation materials, so the structure truly “breathes”

Wood is a breathable material. All the installed insulation will only interfere with it. This is exactly what our ancestors thought. And modern roofing specialists, adherents of the ancient roofing scheme, think the same way.

But we must not forget that in those days they had no idea about insulating materials. In addition, each hut had a massive stove with shelves, used for cooking and heating the premises, which was heated hot.

Nowadays, everything works completely differently. Energy prices are high, so why heat a house with cold roof It's expensive today. Moreover, if done mansard roof, where the bedroom or children's room will be located, then it is impossible to leave such a roof without insulation.

Save on heating modern house with a residential attic, a wooden roof will help, which can eliminate cold bridges, collect and accumulate heat

And where the insulation is installed, a vapor barrier layer is required to protect against internal condensation and waterproofing against getting wet from the outside. Although you can save money on waterproofing - do not lay it at all or lay it only in key places, since wood, due to its ability to compress/decompress, ensures absolute tightness.

The structure of a wooden roof in current conditions consists of:

Steel sheets are laid for the lightning rod device. Here, too, you can save money by replacing expensive rolled metal with steel cable. You can pass it on top of the wooden flooring along the edges of the roof. For comparison, a steel sheet Ø 2 mm 1250x2500 costs 2500–3200 rubles, and the price of a steel cable of the same diameter is about 13 rubles per 1 meter.

Using a windproof film instead of waterproofing is a thoughtful solution. It removes condensation if it does penetrate into the insulation, further protecting it from getting wet. And it costs less than a waterproofing membrane. Nanoizol C film with waterproofing costs 17 rubles per 1 m², while the cost of the cheapest hydromembrane starts at 200 rubles per 1 m². The difference is palpable.

Which device scheme to choose - our great-grandfathers or the modern one - everyone decides independently. Based on the purpose of the building, its configuration and your financial capabilities.

Wooden roof installation

Proper installation of a wooden roof is the key to its durability. A competent installation is reliable fastening its components. Therefore, to connect everyone components In addition to ordinary nails, other roofing methods must be used - tenon or carpenter's locks, dowels and rafter pipes.

Do-it-yourself wooden roofing

1. A continuous deck of edged lumber is laid on the finished rafter system.
2. Reach out vapor barrier film overlap, fixing the joints of the canvases with tape.

   The vapor barrier film is attached with a construction stapler, and the joints are treated with adhesive tape.

3. If you plan to have an attic living space, then lay insulation.
4. A wooden sheathing is installed, on top of which a windproof film or waterproofing is laid, secured with counter-battens.

   The wind or waterproof film is spread along the slope and secured with counter-lattice bars

5. A step-by-step sheathing is filled, to which the covering material is attached.

   The arrangement of sheathing for a wooden roof is carried out taking into account the size of the selected roofing material

6. The boards of the first row are arranged tightly, making a protrusion below the eaves level.
7. Subsequent tiers are laid in such a way that they overlap the joints of the two lower ones.
8. Having reached the top, ridge boards are installed and the upper ventilation gap is covered with a strip.
9. The end boards are secured flush with the roof.

   The shingles are laid with an overlap of at least 70% and small gaps between adjacent elements

It is good to use copper nails and elements for fastening drainage system. This durable material harmonizes perfectly with wooden roofs.

All roofing elements Before starting work, they are treated with antiseptic agents with the addition of zinc.

Installation of plank roofing

When installing a plank roof, three methods of laying boards are used: transverse decking - parallel to the ridge, longitudinal - perpendicular to the ridge ridge and staggered. More often, boards are laid longitudinally, which allows the use of boards of different lengths.

The plank roof is made at a slope of 26 to 45° to ensure good water drainage. The boards are usually laid in 1–2 layers, less often a three-layer plank covering is installed.

Installation consists of the following steps:

Installation of ploughshare roofing

Manual processing of the ploughshare allows you to create roofing coverings with a variety of patterns

Lay the ploughshare with gaps between the elements, laying insulating materials if necessary - glassine or diffusion membrane.

It is unacceptable to use bitumen-based insulators.

Installation technology:

Installation of shingle roofing

A shingle roof will serve faithfully for at least 100 years if you follow the installation conditions:

Video: 4 ways to lay shingles

Installation of shingle roofing

The service life of shingle roofing is about 20 years with periodic inspection and timely repairs. But repairs are usually not carried out at all or are rarely required if the installation rules are followed:

Wooden tile roof installation

The shindel is laid in 2–3 layers. The choice depends on the slope of the roof.

1. For slopes with a steepness of 17–70°, a three-layer coating is made.
2. On even steeper roofs, two layers of wooden shingles are installed.
3. At inclination angles of 14–18°, it is permissible to use a shindle on small areas of the roof as a decorative element.
4. On roofs with low slopes - up to 25° - waterproofing must be installed.

Since the shingle is the same tile, when laying, choose a pitch that depends on the angle of inclination of the roof and the length of the planks.

Table: standard step when installing a spindle

Shindle laying:

All types of wooden roofs have one unique quality - they are well ventilated. In wet weather, the wooden planks are saturated with moisture and close together, and in dry weather they move apart. So, if the installation rules are followed, the under-roof space will not get wet.

Video: roofing a wooden roof of a house

Features of the use of a wooden roof

When choosing a wooden roof, you should think about the features of its operation. Yes, such a roof is very interesting and prestigious, but it is highly flammable. Accordingly, insuring such an object will be much more expensive.

1. It is advisable not to lay wooden flooring on flat roof, especially in regions with a humid climate. Wood swells from moisture and gains weight. Over time, there is a high risk of its collapse.
2. Installation of a wooden roof, although simple, is capricious. Even experienced roofers sometimes make mistakes. In order for a wooden roof to look truly elegant and attractive, it is not enough just to follow the installation technology. Your hand must also be trained to work with wood.
3. Wood shingles are prone to warping. Accordingly, the roof needs periodic inspections and timely elimination of identified defects. Otherwise it will start to crumble.

The cost of a wooden roof is quite high - from $50 to $350 per 1 m². But still, the wondrous beauty and elegance of a skillfully created wooden roof tip the scales in its favor.

Photo gallery: Berendeevo kingdom

Chalet style house with wooden roof - like this architectural design amazingly suitable for roofs with wooden decking Carved wooden house with a complex shaped roof covered with a figured mosaic ploughshare, as if it came from a fairy tale and captivates with its grace A bright log house with a silver wooden roof - successful design solution on the play of color contrasts of the facade and roof A fantastic mansion with a wooden roof looks solid, solid and luxurious and is very reminiscent of the houses of wealthy merchants in Rus'

Safety of buildings with wooden roofs

Fire protection wooden structures- the primary question. Unfortunately, many developers neglect basic requirements fire safety and erect a wooden roof without the necessary protection. It is unacceptable. Fire is a terrible thing. Therefore, you should not skimp on security. It's better to spend the extra money and live in peace.

Treatment of wooden roofing structures with fire retardants is mandatory, especially in houses with wooden roofs

Fire retardant compounds for wooden roofing

1. Mastic is considered a good fire retardant. The main thing is to avoid gaps when applying.
2. It is recommended to use basalt wool as insulation, which has a low combustion rate, so it can be fire retardant for wooden elements. It is important to place it correctly.
3. Roofing paint enhances the properties of fire retardants. It will form a protective layer that protects against fire. And after its destruction, the fire retardant layer will continue its protective functions. The only drawback of paints is their opacity.
4. Varnish is considered an inexpensive protective product. The varnish coating will create a transparent film that preserves the texture of the wood, and in addition to fire protection, it will protect wooden surfaces from rotting and moisture.
5. For metal fastenings fire retardant paste is used. It will not allow the metal to heat up when high temperature and ignite wooden structures.

Wood craftsmen advise using translucent penetrating oils or water-repellent preservatives instead of varnishes and paints.

The use of fire retardants alone is not enough to fully protect a wooden roof. Only their combination with antiseptic agents will give a good result.

Video: means of protecting wood from fire

Fire resistance level of buildings with wooden roofing

The degree of fire resistance is the ability of buildings to avoid destruction and maintain stability during a fire. Home safety - compliance with fire resistance limits defined in regulations. According to MDS 21–1.98, houses with wooden roofs treated with antiseptics have a higher fire resistance class (IV degree, class C2) than with untreated wood - IV degree, class C3.

Despite regulatory indicators, sometimes disputes arise with fire inspectors. And if the question is extremely tough, then you can order the appropriate tests in a special laboratory. But as a rule, this is done if the controversial issue is resolved in court.

A modern roof determines the appearance of a home. Even the most stylish and bright facade will not be complete without a worthy crown - the roof of the house, where the key role is played by the covering material, rich in its diversity. We tried to tell you in detail about wooden roofing, what would you do right choice. Good luck and thoughtful decisions.

Such a traditional roofing material for our latitudes as wooden tiles has somewhat lost its position with the advent of more modern roofing materials. But if the task is to create an atmosphere of antiquity and original Russian or other ethnic traditions, best option than wood shingles, no. Of course, a wooden roof requires special care. This is due to the vulnerability of the material to mold and moss. In many ways, the quality and service life of wooden shingles depend on the strength of the wood. All wood does not have very good test results, but mature trees have greater strength than fast-growing ones.

Wood shingles: how to extend their service life

To protect wooden shingles from negative influences, the roof must be treated regularly. One of the biggest dangers to wood roofing is drying out. Under the influence of the sun and wind, the tree loses moisture, as a result of which not only the appearance deteriorates (wooden shingles become gray), but cracks may also appear.

Not only dryness, but also excessive moisture is dangerous for wooden shingles. Wet wood swells and deforms, and due to the increase in volume, the laying of the tiles itself is disrupted. Yes, building a roof is not all that is required for reliable protection houses from precipitation. Shingles, especially wood shingles, need care and protection. To protect against changes in humidity, special protective compounds are used.

Very popular, for example treatment with translucent penetrating oils. There are special oils for roofing; they completely saturate the top layer, covering the wood texture, thereby providing long-term protection for the material. It is better to apply oil on a rough surface.

Less effective treatment of wooden tiles with water-repellent preservatives . These are transparent impregnations based on wax or acrylic resins with preservatives. This treatment practically does not change the original appearance of the wood, however, it also lasts much less, which will require frequent repeated treatments.

Protective compounds are best applied by immersion. If this is not possible, then you can apply it with a brush or spray, but there will be fewer guarantees, because such application methods do not provide one hundred percent protection.

Varnish and paint coatings are practiced, but this is somewhat against the technology of wooden roofing.

Wood is a “living” material that reacts sensitively to the slightest changes in temperature and humidity. If it is coated with a film-forming composition, the top layer will quickly crack due to the expansion and contraction of the base on which it is applied. Water will penetrate into the cracks, and its evaporation will be difficult, which becomes a favorable environment for the occurrence of mold and rot.

Wooden tiles: installation features

Unfortunately, with the loss of popularity of this type of roofing, every year it becomes more and more difficult to find an installation specialist. The nature of the wood also determines the way in which the wooden tiles are laid. When it rains, the boards get wet and swell, closing tightly and not allowing water to pass through, and when they dry out, cracks form between them, which allows the roof space to be ventilated.

For residential buildings, a three-layer roofing method is mainly used, and for gazebos and canopies, a two-layer roofing method is used. That is, with the three-layer method, each next row of planks goes under the previous one by two-thirds. With two layers - accordingly, half.

Wood shingles are considered a medium-heavy roofing material. – 15-17 kg per sq. m, installation of such a roof is possible only if the roof angle is at least 18 degrees. The greater the angle of inclination of the roof, the longer it will last.

Nowadays, there are no standards or state standards for wooden roofing, so craftsmen rely only on centuries of experience. A talented craftsman can lay tiles with unusual patterns or lay out some design on the roof - and your home will become unique.

Wood shingles: care

Competent installation, high-quality raw materials and timely care and treatment of the roof guarantee a service life of wooden tiles of thirty years or more. In addition to the processing and installation described above, wooden roofing requires attention during operation. It is necessary to regularly remove debris and leaves that accumulate on the roof, and prevent tree branches or vines from overhanging the roof. Such places are ideal for the development of mosses. To protect against mold and moss, zinc and copper solutions are used. These solutions can be applied with a brush.

Wooden shingles: advantages

Wooden roofing is an absolutely natural and environmentally friendly material. , which allows the roof to “breathe”. In addition, it creates a unique color and atmosphere of antiquity and is ideal for roofing the increasingly popular wooden log houses.

For a good and intelligent owner, such a roof will last almost like a modern one, but at the same time it can have individual decorative features. Eg, experienced craftsmen, selecting boards by color and shape, they can put your initials or something original. So the “well forgotten old” can still be very useful.