How the insulation is installed. Features of slab insulation and rules for their installation. Typical mistakes when insulating walls

• Some characteristics
• Insulation with polystyrene foam
• Materials and tools
• Preparing the wall
• External finishing of insulation
• Wall insulation with foil material
• Using mineral wool for external insulation
• How to insulate a concrete wall
• How to insulate a brick wall

Often, when building a house, mistakes are made or the wrong materials are chosen. construction material. Subsequently, this leads to a rapid cooling of the house. The main reason for this is poorly insulated walls. In this case, you should not rely on additional heaters; the heat will disappear at lightning speed. To correct the situation and live in comfort, you need to carry out measures to insulate the house, or more precisely, know how to lay insulation on the walls.

House wall insulation scheme.

Don't panic, the job is quite simple. Below we will give a guide that will make it possible for even a beginner in this matter to lay insulation.

Some characteristics

Before you start insulating, you need to make sure that it is the cause of heat loss in the house. Otherwise, all the work will not bring the desired effect and the room will also lose heat. Incorrectly installed thermal insulation will not bring the expected comfort.

Insulation scheme for a brick wall.

1. If the walls really need thermal insulation and all measures are carried out correctly, only in this case the result will be noticeable.
2. If the walls do not allow heat to pass through, but become damp and fungus forms on them, thermal insulation should also be laid, this will correct the situation.

Now you need to decide what type of wall insulation will be, external or internal. The external method has more advantages, since the entire wall is insulated, and not just the internal part; with this method there is no usable space in the house itself.

The insulation can be placed on the internal wall if the room is in multi-storey building and you can’t get to the outer wall without special equipment.

You can insulate walls using polystyrene foam, foil insulation or mineral wool.

All these materials do a good job of thermal insulation, but first we will consider a material such as polystyrene foam.

This material the best way is suitable for these purposes, as it has higher thermal insulation properties and is not afraid of moisture, which is important for internal insulation.

Insulation with polystyrene foam

Materials and tools

• antifungal primer;
• painting mesh;
• cement-based adhesive;
• expanded polystyrene;
• fungi (fastenings for insulation sheets);
• hammer drill.

Preparing the wall

Before laying insulation, you need to remove the old covering (wallpaper, paint), dismantle the old baseboard and a small area next to the wall flooring, the insulation will also be laid on the floor.

1. Next, wipe the wall from settled dust with a damp cloth. If the wall is covered with mold, it must be removed; this can be done with sandpaper.
2. Next comes the primer's turn; it is better if it penetrates deeply, which will prevent fungus from forming between the wall and the proposed insulation. To make the primed surface dry faster, you can open the windows.

How to properly install thermal insulation?

Installation of polystyrene foam and polystyrene foam is absolutely the same. Therefore, the installation method described below is suitable for both materials.

Scheme of external wall insulation.

1. You should start laying insulation from the bottom corner of the wall.
2. You need to attach the insulation correctly: to do this, you need to attach a sheet of polystyrene foam to the wall and use a puncher through hole, into which the fixing fungus is driven. The cap of the driven fungus should be pressed tightly against the insulation. Thus, the insulation is attached along the entire lower perimeter of the wall, this is the first row.
3. The second row is laid in the same way as the first. The main thing is to avoid gaps between the sheets of insulation.

Laying the top row under the ceiling will require careful adjustment and cutting of the required piece of insulation.

External finishing of insulation

After the insulation has been laid, you can begin finishing its surface.

To begin with, an adhesive mixture is applied to the insulation, into which the painting mesh is pressed. The final stage is leveling the surface.

Many people refuse to use paint mesh when insulating, and in vain. Since the absence of a mesh will soon lead to the formation of cracks at the joints of the insulation. Therefore, so that the result does not disappoint, you need to do everything correctly.

1. The mesh is placed vertically, so the adhesive mixture should also be applied vertically. In this way, the painting mesh is installed over the entire wall.
2. After the adhesive mixture has dried, you can begin finishing.
3. To prepare the wall for further painting or wallpapering, you need to cover it with a primer, and then apply putty.

At this point, the work on installing the insulation from the inside can be considered complete.

Wall insulation with foil material

This insulation is reflective thermal insulation. Materials with foil do not absorb moisture and are highly resistant to reflection. More often, this material is used in rooms with a large temperature range, for example, for baths. But this thermal insulation is also ideal for home use.

Laying insulation with foil is very simple.

Wall insulation scheme frame house.

1. Before purchasing foil thermal insulation, you need to measure the wall and calculate required amount material. This insulation is laid end-to-end, not overlapping, so there is no need to buy extra material.
2. It is worth remembering that insulation with aluminum foil for walls must be laid with the reflective side inside the room. Installation of this insulation requires a sheathing into which it is inserted between the guides.
3. After the insulation is laid, you need to glue the visible joints; it is better to do this with tape and foil.

This thermal insulation material is good not only because it retains heat, but also provides sound insulation. Can be used for both internal and external insulation.

Using mineral wool for external insulation

Materials and tools:

• dowels;
• adhesive solution;
• plastic dowels;
• sanding brush;
• windproof film;
• primer;
• construction pistol.

Mineral wool - enough durable material, but provided that the installation was carried out correctly. When insulating a wall with mineral wool from the outside, you need to take care to protect it from precipitation and wind. For this you can use chipboard or fiberboard.

So, the order of insulation from the outside:

Wall insulation scheme wooden house.

1. To begin with, a metal cornice is installed at the bottom of the wall and secured with dowels. This will provide protection from all kinds of rodents, and the insulation will lie as evenly as possible.
2. The back side of the mineral wool is lubricated with an adhesive solution.
3. Sheets of insulation are glued to the wall and secured with plastic dowels.
4. The surface is leveled with a sanding brush.
5. Next, the insulation is covered with a windproof film.
6. A primer is applied to the slabs.

How to insulate a concrete wall

If polystyrene foam is chosen for thermal insulation, the walls are pre-puttyed. This is done to create the most even and durable surface possible. It is also necessary to prime the wall for better adhesion.

If you choose mineral wool for insulation, you need to install wooden slats, between which several layers of mineral wool are laid.

How to insulate a brick wall

When using polystyrene foam, the walls are pre-plastered; this is a mandatory procedure. After the surface has dried, it needs to be leveled; putty is used for this. Putty can be applied to brick walls in one layer, after which it is laid waterproofing material. Do not neglect waterproofing; foam plastic is susceptible to moisture and may rot due to condensation.

It is worth remembering that the glue is applied to the wall itself, after which sheets of foam plastic are applied to it. It is important to avoid gaps that do not contribute to heat retention. Lastly, a vapor barrier material is laid on the foam.

Mineral wool is mounted on brick walls in the same way as on concrete walls. Despite the high characteristics of the insulation materials used, it is worth considering that for concrete walls it is better to choose extruded polystyrene foam.

Other options are also suitable, but only if a vapor barrier material is attached. But for brick walls Foamed polystyrene foam is most preferred.

Before deciding on insulation, you need to know what characteristics this material should have:

If the selected insulation has all of the above qualities, then the result will really please you, of course, if the installation is carried out correctly.

How to lay insulation on walls: some characteristics

Laying insulation

Currently, not a single type of building construction can be completed without the use of insulating materials. Their task is to reduce heat loss in the cold season and create a favorable indoor climate in hot weather.

In addition, the thermal insulation layer allows for high-quality protection of structures from various types of atmospheric influences. Simply put, by using insulation, the lifespan of your home will be much longer.

Types of materials used as insulation

It is customary to classify insulation based on the type of raw material. This:

• organic thermal insulation materials;
• inorganic elements;
• and mixed components.

The most popular and widespread are materials of organic and inorganic origin; their prices are approximately equal. The list of inorganic products includes such as mineral wool and slabs made on its basis. In addition to it, the same list includes expanded perlite, vermiculite, glass wool and material such as aerated concrete.

This type of insulation is one of the most popular in modern market. This is due to their resistance to fire and the possibility of vapor permeation. In addition to these qualities, they also have a number of others that contribute to their spread and popularity.

Now let's take a closer look at the use various types insulation for walls, ceilings and floors.

Laying insulation on walls

If we talk about the classification of materials suitable for wall insulation, they can be divided into those that are suitable for interior work and for exterior work. What is their difference? There is no secret here. The difference lies in the possibility of vapor permeability.

• Internal work on wall insulation requires the presence of this quality without fail, but work carried out outside the building requires the successful use of both types of thermal insulation.
• Exterior wall decoration involves the use of fairly durable insulation. For these purposes, materials such as polystyrene foam or polystyrene are most suitable. In addition to these two, it is possible to use basalt slabs and various types of plaster.

So, if you have chosen polystyrene foam or polystyrene, then your thermal insulation will be complete, of high quality, meeting almost all the requirements set by the technological rules of insulation. The price will also most likely please you, especially if foam is used.

Fastening foam or polystyrene is carried out using an adhesive composition. In addition, special fasteners called “umbrellas” are used as additional fixation.

At the next stage, reinforcement and plastering work is carried out. In this case, you can choose decorative plaster as a finishing cladding.

As for basalt slabs for wall insulation, its use is quite possible for both external and internal work. This material belongs to the category of elements with low thermal conductivity and high density. Its installation can be carried out using glue (according to the method described above), or by placing it in the space under a ventilated facade, made, for example, of siding. For internal insulation, it is placed under plasterboard sheathing.

Now a few words about the work on insulating internal walls. Please note that only materials with qualities such as vapor permeability are suitable for this purpose. This list includes insulation mineral origin and some others.

The most appropriate is the use of mineral wool as insulation in frame construction technology. This material is produced in the form of plates. Another option for its production is roll material.

The latter option is more suitable for insulating walls in large rooms. But slabs are more often used for insulation small rooms. There are no other differences between these two types.

Laying insulation on the ceiling

For insulation of ceiling surfaces use various materials. Which one to choose, everyone decides for themselves. After familiarizing yourself with the characteristics and some styling features, this procedure will not be difficult for you.

• One of the popular materials is foil-type mineral wool. This is a textile-type fiber, for the production of which various starting materials were used. Depending on this factor, there are such types of wool as stone wool, slag wool, glass wool, and so on. The thickness of this insulation varies from 2 to 20 cm.
• Please note that when working with mineral wool of any origin, you must always use protective equipment. These are glasses, gloves, respirators, and so on. Especially if you have health problems related to the respiratory organs.
• Another type of thermal insulation material for the ceiling is foil polyethylene foam. It is a component based on foamed polyethylene, one side of which is covered with foil. The thickness of this insulation can be from 1 to 20 mm. The standard roll width is 1 m. Do not think that the maximum thickness is too small to ensure reliable thermal insulation. Despite this, he copes with the task perfectly. This is due to the existing layer of aluminum foil.

Ceiling insulation can be done in several ways, for example, from the attic side. For these purposes, any type of insulation can be used, but the most common options are mineral wool or expanded clay.

Another insulation option involves working from the bottom side. For this you will need to make a special frame structure hanging type.

Laying insulation on the floor

As for floor insulation work, here, as in the first two cases, various types of materials can be used. These include:

• mineral wool, glass wool and so on;
• Fiberboard, cork, plywood sheets, etc.;
• polystyrene foam, polystyrene foam, various polymer materials foamed in nature, having a foil surface;
• expanded clay;
• liquid insulation materials.

If you choose mineral wool as floor insulation, then your choice will provide you with good heat and sound insulation. In addition to these properties, the insulation has good resistance to fire and exposure to a humid environment. Mechanical damage is also irrelevant for him. The service life is quite long.

When purchasing mineral wool for floor insulation, you can choose either slabs or material in the form of mats that are quite flexible. If single-layer thermal insulation is planned, then the most appropriate would be to use slabs.

But the option with flexible mats will be more durable and resilient. Usually one of the sides of such mats is equipped with perforation. If your floor is wooden, then this method ideal for insulation. However, it's up to you to decide. Good luck!

Laying insulation on walls, floors and ceilings

Insulation materials

Insulating the room will help you create an acceptable microclimate in your home and protect it from drafts and dampness. Thermal insulation of walls allows you to triple the cost of heating a room in winter period, and for its cooling in summer time. After all, insulation acts as a kind of shield that prevents the movement of air flows, protecting the structure from the influence of external factors. Unfortunately, it is not always possible to insulate the facade of a building. For example, it is advisable to insulate the end wall of a panel structure from the inside.

Advantages of thermal insulation of walls indoors

• Relatively low cost.
• Insulation can be carried out at any time of the year.
• You can insulate the entire building, as well as individual rooms and even walls.
• Soundproofing the room.

Among the positive aspects, one should also highlight the accessibility for independent implementation: any owner can do this. It is also important to know how to insulate walls and choose optimal material for this.

Methods for insulating walls from the inside

For thermal insulation indoors, mainly the same materials are used as for outdoor insulation. The most popular insulation materials are: expanded polystyrene, mineral wool and mixed asbestos-based thermal insulation materials.

Insulation of walls from the inside with plasterboard

Thermal insulation using plasterboard sheets is a simple and quick way to insulate walls. Minimum distance from the rough wall to front surface slabs - three centimeters. The greater this distance, the correspondingly more insulation fits into the voids of the structure. This method of thermal insulation is suitable only for large rooms, since the wall becomes noticeably thicker during the installation of the insulating structure.

The process of insulating buildings from the inside begins with the installation of a structure made of metal profiles at a distance of two centimeters from the wall. It is better to install the frame from a galvanized profile. It is necessary to stick a tape onto the base of the guide profile to insulate the surface from contact with the plaster, thereby protecting the drywall from the cold transmitted through the metal profile. Then mineral wool is placed into the cavity of the resulting frame (between the rack profiles). The air gap between the wall of the structure and the drywall is already insulation. However, the use of mineral wool or polystyrene foam greatly increases the heat resistance of the structure.

Due to its structure and elasticity, the material perfectly fills the structure. The next step is to install the drywall. When insulating rooms with high humidity, you should not skimp. It is better to purchase moisture-resistant drywall. At the final stage, the plasterboard slabs are finished with wallpaper.

Insulation of walls from the inside with mineral wool

Thermal insulation using mineral wool is one of the most economical options. The advantages of mineral wool include lightness (which is very important when transporting building materials and insulating old structures) and low thermal conductivity. The “thermos” effect occurs due to the formation of an air cushion between the mineral fibers.

Perhaps the only drawback of mineral wool is that it is quite hygroscopic. Therefore, if you decide to insulate the walls from the inside, you will also have to take care of the vapor barrier to avoid the accumulation of condensation. In order to prevent the absorption of moisture through the surface of the insulation, it is recommended, along with the use of the main thermal insulation material, to insulate the walls from the inside with penofol. This material has the extraordinary property of retaining up to 97% of heat. A layer of vapor barrier is applied to the frame made of metal profiles after installation of the mineral wool.

Penofol is a special, foamed polyethylene with an aluminum foil coating that has vapor barrier and sound insulation characteristics. The penofol membrane has small holes that allow microparticles of moisture to move in only one direction. Penofol sheets have a small thickness. Due to its flexibility, this material is easy to install. It does not require additional maintenance during operation, which is also an undeniable advantage.

Insulation of walls from the inside with penoplex

Thermal insulation using extruded polystyrene is possible even for beginners who do not have much experience in construction. There is nothing simpler: Penoplex slabs. In this case, the entire surface of the slab is treated with an adhesive composition. Small grooves along the edges of the slab help securely fasten the penoplex and improve the tightness of the joints. Extruded polystyrene with smooth edges requires additional sizing with tape. The foam is both glued and secured with self-tapping screws.

When insulating with penoplex, there is no need for vapor barrier, since the surface of the slab is vapor-tight. A thin layer of plaster applied to the grainy (for better adhesion to finishing materials and increased protection from fire hazards) surface of extruded polystyrene will protect the walls from damage and prepare them for further painting or wallpapering.

Technology for insulating walls from the inside

The thermal insulation process takes place in several stages. The sequence of operations depends primarily on the selected material. The insulation is either glued to the inner surface of the wall or attached to a special structure.

The most common is the scheme for insulating walls from the inside, in which the layers of thermal insulation are arranged as follows:

• Interior wall decoration.
• Small ventilation gap.
• Membrane for vapor barrier.
• Insulation.

The entire process of wall insulation can be divided into several stages.

Preparing the walls

When carrying out thermal insulation with mineral slabs or using plasterboard, it is not necessary to level the walls. It is enough to clean the walls from flaking particles of building and finishing materials, remove protrusions that prevent the fixation of thermal insulation materials and carry out fungicidal treatment (protection against excessive indoor mold activity). Small irregularities will be masked during thermal insulation and finishing work.

Frame formation and insulation installation

At a short distance from the wall, a frame made of aluminum profiles or wooden beams(depending on climate). It should be noted that wood is subject to drying out and deformation due to sudden changes temperature regime. The profile is fastened in a vertical direction. The thickness of the frame must necessarily correspond to the thickness of the insulation, and the distance between the beams or profiles is calculated depending on the size of the finishing material (for example, a sheet of drywall). When insulating with polystyrene, there is no need to build a frame.

Laying of thermal insulation materials begins after completion of the frame assembly. In order to thermally insulate walls from the inside, one layer of insulation is sufficient. If there is a need to install a second layer, then, accordingly, you will need to install an additional frame for it. In the area of ​​radiators, installation of insulation is often difficult. In this case, a layer of penofol should be laid.

Laying a vapor barrier layer and finishing

The vapor barrier layer protects the walls from the concentration of excess moisture in the voids of the thermal insulation material. Foil-coated film is most often used as a vapor barrier. Make sure that the shiny part of the vapor barrier is facing interior wall premises. The vapor barrier layer sheets are overlapped. To improve the effect, the joints are glued with metallized tape.

After thermal insulation is completed, the surface is covered with plasterboard and plastered, and then painted or pasted over. decorative panels or wallpaper. As for the choice of finishing materials, there are no special restrictions.

Other methods of wall insulation

In some cases, polystyrene foam is placed in the space when laying walls. During the construction phase it is also used penoizol, which is poured into hard to reach places and cracks.

Liquid materials are used cellulose, which is also poured under the slabs and in the spaces between brickwork. Cellulose insulation has a number of disadvantages: it is flammable and is easily exposed to microorganisms and becomes infected with mold. To prevent this, fire retardants and antiseptics must be added to the cellulose mass.

One of the simplest, but most expensive ways to insulate walls is ceramic insulation. This is a liquid paste that is applied both to the surface of the wall and to hard-to-reach places. To achieve the effect, the walls need to be covered with 5-6 layers of paste, the consumption of which is 1 square meter– 250 ml. This makes this type of wall insulation, although expensive, durable.

When carrying out insulation work, unsightly heating or water pipes, additional electrical wiring can be easily hidden in the thermal insulation niche. Therefore, insulating walls from the inside is an excellent opportunity to both improve the performance of the room and improve the design of the room.

Do-it-yourself insulation of walls from the inside, Construction portal

Heat loss through the walls of a house can reach 30% of the total heat loss, so one of the main stages of thermal insulation of a building is wall insulation. Mineral wool is often chosen as insulation for walls. Mineral wool is made from glass melts, rocks or slag, resins are used as a binding element. The material has a fibrous structure, and, depending on the purpose, the direction of the fibers may be different.

Insulation of walls with mineral wool

Insulating walls from the outside with mineral wool has a number of advantages:

• It's comparative cheap insulation with low thermal conductivity;
• Mineral insulation has good sound-absorbing characteristics;
• Mineral wool does not support combustion, so it can be used for insulation of flammable structures;
• This material is vapor permeable and does not create the effect of a thermos; the building “breathes”;
• Mineral wool is easy to install - the insulation is sold in the form of mats or rolls, you can choose the most convenient option;
• Depending on local conditions, you can select the required thickness of insulation;

Mineral wool does not rot and is not susceptible to fungus, microorganisms and rodents.

The disadvantages of mineral wool include the deterioration of its thermal insulation characteristics when wetted, so it must be protected from atmospheric moisture and condensation. In terms of environmental friendliness, mineral insulation, when used under normal conditions, does not pose any danger, since the release of harmful components occurs only when mineral wool is heated to 300 degrees or more.

The choice of insulation thickness is made using thermotechnical calculations, taking into account the thermal conductivity of the wall material, their thickness, as well as the standard thermal resistance of the walls for a particular region. For a simplified calculation, you can use the table.

Technology of wall insulation with mineral wool

1. Preparing walls for laying insulation depends on the material from which they are built. Wooden walls it is necessary to impregnate the log house with an antiseptic to avoid damage to the log house by microorganisms. Areas damaged by rot, fungus, mold must be thoroughly cleaned and soaked with appropriate solutions - after installing the insulation, access to them will be impossible. It is enough to free brick and foam concrete walls from peeling plaster and paint. If the walls are wet, they must be thoroughly dried. Window trims and slopes must be dismantled, and fastenings and decorative elements, which can damage the vapor barrier layer and insulation.
2. A layer of vapor-permeable membrane is placed under the mineral insulation. The film is positioned so that the vapor-permeable side faces the wall of the house, and the smooth side faces the insulation. A vapor-permeable membrane is necessary to ensure the removal of water vapor from the walls of the house through the insulation. It is allowed to lay mineral insulation on smooth walls without first laying a membrane film.

   Laying a vapor-permeable membrane under mineral wool

3. Wooden guide rails or a profile for attaching drywall are attached on top of the vapor-permeable film. They are attached to the wall with self-tapping screws or using a dowel-nail mounting pair. The distance between the slats is chosen so that it is 1-2 centimeters less than the width of the insulation. The thickness of the slats should be equal to the thickness of the insulation. Attaching the slats starts from the corner of the house. When attaching the slats, use a level. If the wall is uneven, you can use perforated plasterboard hangers to secure the frame. If you use insulation in the form of mats, you can additionally attach a horizontal strip along the lower border of the wall, on which the lower insulation mat will be installed.

   Horizontal strip under the bottom layer of mineral wool

4. Thermal insulating mats or rolled material are placed in the space between the guide rails, while laying the mats begins from the bottom, and roll materials- from above, fixing the insulation to the wall either directly between the slats, or using several dowels with a wide head. The slab material is attached to brick or block walls with a special glue that ensures a tight fit of the insulation. There should be no gaps between the insulation and the guides. First, solid pieces of insulation are fixed, then the remaining areas around the windows and doorways.

   Mineral wool laying process

5. Another layer of film is placed on top of the mineral insulation - wind protection and waterproofing. The film must also be vapor-permeable so that moisture can be easily removed from the insulation layer to the outside. The film is fastened with staples to the slats without tension, after which the entire layer of insulation and vapor barrier is additionally secured to the wall using dowels with a wide head, the attachment points for better waterproofing Can be sealed with metallic tape.

   Wind insulation is installed on top of the mineral wool layer.

6. An important stage in wall insulation is the installation of a ventilated façade. The ventilation gap should be at least 5-6 cm; for this, additional counter-battens are placed on top of the guides or profiles are attached on which the ventilated facade is mounted: siding, block house or other finishing materials.

   The process of creating a ventilated facade

7. When insulating the walls from the outside, their thickness increases, so you will have to install new window slopes, window sills, as well as trim and finishing elements. It is better to purchase them immediately when purchasing a ventilated facade.

Insulating walls outside with mineral wool is one of the most popular methods of thermal insulation of buildings. Its popularity is due to the low thermal conductivity of mineral wool, due to which most of the heat remains inside the building, as well as the environmental friendliness of the material and its ability to remove moisture from inside the house. In addition, mineral wool is an excellent sound insulator.

Other materials are also used to insulate walls, for example, polystyrene foam or extruded polystyrene. These methods are used for plaster finishing, since slab insulation is an excellent basis for plaster. We also have an article that describes the advantages and disadvantages of all types of insulation for walls from the inside.

Laying insulation on walls involves two common techniques: internal insulation and external insulation.

But after much debate and research, it turned out that external insulation still has many more advantages, which is still used by ordinary citizens who take on the task of creating coziness and comfort in a private home.

Frame installation

Stages of installation of insulation

If, before starting work on installing insulation, you did not have a frame ready for filling, then you should not be afraid of it. It is created using a fairly simple technology, which requires the use of wooden blocks, usually 50x50 mm in size. They are mounted vertically and at a distance of 580 mm from each other, so that mats or insulation boards fit perfectly here. The thickness of the insulation is 50 mm, and the width is 600 m. This is very important, if you make a mistake, you will have to cut off the edge of the insulation, do you really need additional work that could have been avoided without loss of quality? If you have mats whose width is 1200 mm, simply cut them into 2 parts, and there is no need to expand the frame - then the insulation will not be attached firmly enough. It is quite important to be demanding about the strength of the frame; usually people think specifically about insulation, forgetting that the frame will be one of the foundations on which the comfort of your home rests.

How is installation done?

Don’t be alarmed, the installation of insulation has already been done independently by a variety of people. There is a spent step by step diagram, which will allow you to make durable and reliable insulation. To begin with, the technology for laying insulation requires some precautions - the work should be carried out in:

• respirator;
• glasses;
• cap or hat;
• hood;
• You should always wear gloves on your hands;
• After completing the work, the clothes are washed separately from the rest.

Laying insulation

It is not difficult to follow these rules, but they will raise the level of comfort and safety in the work being carried out to the limit. Note that many people ignore the use of a respirator, which big mistake- there is something to breathe in here, and then you will need to seek help from a doctor, and it’s hard to imagine what this could lead to. The key instructions for laying insulation on walls are the following sequence of actions:

If you acted carefully and responsibly, you will need to cover the insulation with the material that you chose for this, but this is a completely different task, it has its own subtleties and rules - the insulation for your home is completed and a comfortable winter awaits you.

Experts note that a good insulation option is Ursa M-15 fiberglass mats, as well as fairly high-quality and comfortable Ursa P-15 slabs. At least, these insulation options have become especially popular, which is why much more attention should be paid to them. In general, it is possible to browse a wide variety of construction forums. Before you, a huge number of people independently insulated their homes, so here you will find hundreds of pages discussing weak and strengths various insulation materials: an hour or two of reading and you yourself will begin to understand this area.

If we talk about everything that is available to you, then it is worth noting stone or mineral wool. Such insulation will boast absolute non-flammability, as well as soundproofing, which will allow great savings for those who make a music studio out of their home or would like to be in silence; classic sound insulation costs a lot of money.

Separately, we note glass wool, the popularity of which in industry is simply off scale. This material has a low thickness, which allows for dense and reliable insulation in a small volume. The level of thermal conductivity of the material is significantly reduced with the help of air gaps. Here we note expanded polystyrene and extruded polystyrene foam, which are not expensive, but at the same time do their job perfectly. Polyethylene foam, which is easy to use and does not require any kind of hydro- or vapor barrier, will effectively protect your home from the cold. Usually this is an excellent opportunity to do everything extremely economically, while not forgetting about quality.

Internal insulation

Anyone can insulate a house on their own, but it is worth noting that if something goes wrong with the external insulation, if the design or other reasons do not make it possible to do external insulation, then it will be necessary to make a layer inside. The scheme is approximately the same, only you will have to tinker more with the ceilings and floors. Frames filled with fiberglass are especially suitable here, but you can see how living spaces will suffer. In addition, we need a vapor barrier that will protect the insulation from moisture. A special vapor barrier tape must be used here. Note that when installing internal insulation, there is a greater chance of turning to specialists for help; the task is generally more painstaking.

External insulation

Laying insulation on walls has gained such popularity for the following simple reasons:

1. you have an excellent opportunity to effectively manage the internal space; insulation can take up quite a lot of space, especially if you are not going to spend a lot of money on insulation that will be extremely thin but effective;
2. External insulation is now so effective that internal insulation has begun to lose out to it. There will be no moisture in the walls due to the use of high-quality materials, and the external insulation materials themselves no longer suffer from weather conditions due to the development of technologies in their production;
3. the load-bearing wall of your house will be protected by insulation, which means it will be less susceptible to temperature changes, which will become the basis for the strength and durability of the entire building;

In addition, in such a decision we will take into account one of the most important design principles, which states that wet steam will be able to escape from the room not only through windows, but also through walls, and insulation inside the house would stop this process.

There are frequent cases when owners of private houses want to turn an ordinary attic space into an attic with. Such changes are directly related to the modification and insulation of the existing roof.

In addition, roof insulation oriented towards any system will be associated with providing ventilation and installing high-quality vapor and waterproofing.

1 What is the best way to insulate the roof along the rafters?

Today, the most common method of insulating a pitched rafter roof is one in which thermal insulation is provided by foam plastic.

In this case, you need to lay the insulation to the rafters on a pitched roof following a certain system.

The insulation between the rafters, which ensures the stability of the roof structure, can be fixed in one of the two most common ways, and you can use mineral wool.

Despite this, many rightly believe that it is better to insulate the rafter structure pitched roof foam on .

It should be remembered that when insulating rafters on a pitched roof with foam plastic, its fastening will be oriented at a certain distance.

There are now a lot of materials for insulating rafters and roofs in general. Most people use foam plastic to insulate roofs, and especially the rafter part.

Providing thermal insulation of roofs and its rafters with foam plastic has a number of undoubted advantages, however, you should find out what other materials and their types can be used to form reliable thermal insulation of the roof, because in addition to foam insulation there are several more equally proven and reliable options.

It is worth noting that many are inclined to believe that thermal insulation of roofs with foam plastic is a cheap and reliable option, while mineral wool is significantly inferior to the presented method.

To understand which methods of improving the roof will be the most effective, you need to know how this work is carried out, and what materials for roofs are most in demand.

Indeed, along with the method based on foam insulation, the following are offered: innovative technologies thermal insulation of the roof, such as spraying polyurethane foam.

In order to figure out which materials and their types to use to ensure the heat resistance of the roof, you should consider each of them individually. Nowadays the most common materials are:

• Mineral (basalt) wool;
• Expanded polystyrene (foam);
• Extruded polystyrene foam;
• Polyurethane foam;
• Ecowool like .

2 Features of the materials used

Mineral wool, according to many, is the immediate leader among those materials that can be used for roof insulation.

It has a number of advantages compared to the previously announced foam. Properties such as non-flammability and high level The fire safety of roofs when used speaks for itself.

The presented material has a high degree of elasticity and can be laid on the roof between the rafters with orientation at any distance.

Subsequently, the mineral wool retains its original shape, and the distance between the slab positions does not change.

Since during installation there are no gaps between the beams and the presented building material, its use is most relevant. The main advantages of this material for roof modernization include:

• Low cost;
• Public availability like ;
• Ease of installation;
• Good thermal insulation qualities.

The main disadvantage of mineral wool is its increased degree of hygroscopicity. The material actively absorbs moisture into its structure, which leads to it getting wet.

The distance between the fibers of the substance changes and the product rapidly loses its thermal insulation properties by 60-80%.

Therefore, before insulating with cotton wool, you need to take proper care of its waterproofing.

Expanded polystyrene is now gaining quite high popularity, and, according to many experts, it is absolutely undeserved.

The fact is that strengthening roofs using it is quite fraught with serious consequences in the event of a sudden fire of the material.

When ignited, the product begins to spray fiery drops in all directions. During installation, over time, the structure of the material is subject to crumbling, and the distance between it and the roof increases, which leads to a deterioration in the heat-insulating properties.

However, expanded polystyrene has a number of advantages, among which the following stand out:

• A light weight;
• Low cost as on;
• High level of moisture resistance.

In most cases, the foam is hidden under a layer of plaster or screed. Extruded polystyrene foam is essentially the same modified polystyrene foam.

It is used in places where the fastening requires a high degree of rigidity. This material can also burn, but does not support the combustion process.

It is perfectly capable of maintaining its original shape, and its structure is not subject to crumbling during installation. The undoubted advantages of extruded polystyrene foam are expressed in:

• Moisture resistance;
• Durability;
• Light weight;
• Strength;
• Stiffness;
• High thermal insulation performance.

Polyurethane foam began to be used for roof insulation relatively recently. This material is presented in the form of gas-filled plastic.

Filling is carried out using a special unit, and the undoubted advantage is the complete absence of cracks and gaps.

The presented building material is non-flammable, has a relatively low weight and holds its shape well.

Spraying can be carried out at a distance equal to the gap between the rafters, which helps remove cold bridges.

A significant drawback is its pronounced vapor permeability. Because of this, you need to take good care of creating supply and exhaust ventilation.

Ecowool, also called cellulose wool, also began to be used for insulation relatively recently.

It is not without its advantages: it does not burn, is environmentally friendly, is lightweight and can be blown into all the cracks. In addition, the presented material is not able to absorb moisture.

2.1 Nuances of installing insulation

This technology will be considered using the example of laying mineral wool in a layer equal to 250 mm. All types of work related to the presented method of roof insulation are most rationally performed in the early stages of building a house.

Otherwise, the attic mount will need to be removed along with the outdated one roofing material.

After the rafter structure has been completely assembled, but the installation of roofing material has not yet begun, it is necessary to ensure a high level of waterproofing of the roof.

For this purpose, a waterproofing superdiffusion membrane is laid on top of the installed rafters as with.

It is important not to confuse its sides. This is due to the fact that one of the sides is not capable of passing water, and the other in the opposite direction does not allow steam to pass through.

The membrane must be laid so that the outer surface is on the side that is characterized by its high degree of moisture resistance.

Installation begins from the eaves overhang located below and moves to the top of the roof.

The overlap should be oriented at a distance of 10-15 cm, and the joints should be glued using special construction tape.

It is forbidden to lay the waterproofing film under tension. This is due to the fact that when winter comes, it can shrink, which will lead to damage in the places where it is secured.

Based on this, the material is spread with a slight overhang, which is 2 cm per 1 m. The film is attached to the rafters using special staples and a construction stapler.

If such a tool is not available, then you can use galvanized nails equipped with a wide head.

The next stage involves the formation of a ventilation gap. Excess vapor contained in the insulation material will subsequently escape through it.

On top of the waterproofing layer, the sheathing is filled with wooden slats, the thickness of which may depend on the parameter of the width of the ventilation gap itself.

The slats are secured using galvanized self-tapping screws. After this, roofing material is installed on top of the sheathing.

2.2 How to lay insulation between the rafters?

At the beginning of the installation process, you should unpack the mineral wool and let it sit for some time so that the material takes the shape required for work. Next, the canvas or slabs are cut into the sections required for installation.

In this case, the parameter for the width of the mineral wool sheet must exactly correspond to the distance between the beams, to which an additional 20-30 millimeters should be added in order to create tension.

Mineral wool can be cut using a regular construction knife. However, it is worth remembering that all work must be performed with gloves, a respirator and thick clothing in order to avoid contact of microparticles with unprotected areas of the skin.

After this, the fabric of the product is pushed into the space between the rafters. In the process, the edges of the material that is located near the rafters are slightly bent.

To do this, you need to lightly press on the middle section of the canvas, as a result of which the edges will straighten out. At this stage, the roof insulation process can be completed.

As a result, rafters made of wood and the insulation between them will be reliably protected from the harmful effects of moisture that can penetrate through damaged areas of the roof.

On the inside, the insulation will be reliably protected from the effects of steam emanating from the room, and the entire presented structure will be repairable.

If there is a need to inspect the condition of the rafters, then first you will have to dismantle the sheets of plasterboard, then remove the sheathing and vapor barrier film, and then reinstall them.

If you need to insulate the roof in an old house, and there is no desire to remove the already laid roofing material, then you can attach a waterproofing membrane to the inside of the attic.

In this case, you will need to wrap the surface of the rafters with a membrane and wrap it inside the space between them.

A layer of insulating material will need to be laid on top. Insulation of a soft type roof is carried out using the same technology that was described above.

The difference is that the sheathing, which forms the gap between the waterproofing membrane and the roofing material itself, is supplemented with a layer moisture resistant plywood. A soft roof is attached on top of a layer of such plywood.

2.3 Roof insulation under rafters

The scheme, thanks to which insulation is produced under the rafters, is used in residential buildings quite rare.

As a rule, it is implemented during the construction of industrial-type structures that are equipped with reinforced load-bearing elements made using metal.

The presented diagram can be used in case of reconstruction of a construction site.

At the same time, during the work process it should be taken into account that the area of ​​the internal space of the room will be significantly reduced.

This option can also be used in cases where increased requirements are placed on ventilation.

This applies to rooms with a high degree of humidity. When insulating roof slopes using this scheme, the importance of the thermal insulation material is lost.

This is due to the fact that due to the high degree of openness, the vapor barrier layer may be damaged.

Premises with this type of insulated roof must be frequently ventilated, or special roof fans with high power must be installed in them.

2.4 How to properly insulate a roof along the rafters? (video)

During the construction of private houses, many mistakes are made, due to which the walls become cold in winter, and funds for heating have to be lost. Installation helps resolve the issue. proper insulation. For installation, you need to know how to insulate the walls of a house from the inside and select the necessary materials.

Insulation can be placed both outside and inside the house. The home will become much more comfortable: about 30% more heat will be retained in the room, which would have gone outside.

Before starting work, you should familiarize yourself with certain disadvantages of insulation inside the house:

• After installing insulation, the walls stop receiving heat from the home. Increases the likelihood of cracks appearing.
• Many insulation materials contribute to the accumulation of condensation.
• The free space at home is decreasing.
• It will not be possible to insulate the ceiling, so a cold bridge will remain.

Due to the listed disadvantages, it is recommended to use insulation inside the house when it is not possible to implement other options.

Before choosing how to insulate a house from the inside, it is necessary to carry out preparatory measures. This includes items:

Sealing cracks in walls and insulation

Wooden beams are dried according to certain rules, microscopic cracks appear and are visible to the human eye, which must be removed. Sealants, resins, etc. are used for sealing. Assembly is widespread. If a synthetic sealant is purchased, there should be no acrylic substance.

When using silicone compounds, it is important to purchase a substance with a high degree of frost resistance. Any mixture is introduced to the maximum depth into the cracks; once it hardens, the application areas are leveled. Polyurethane foam used in places where there will be cladding.

Wood shavings are mixed with an adhesive composition. The gap is cleaned in advance, and the prepared composition is poured into it. After drying, sanding is required for leveling. This method can be used to seal small cracks.

A budget option is to use tow, moss, and other similar compounds. When using them, it is important to treat the cracks with an antiseptic solution and a mixture to eliminate fungus and mold. If the walls are wooden, the joints are sealed only with such mixtures. To prevent the cracks that can grow in the wood from increasing, you need to constantly inspect the beams.

Installation of sheathing

If a private house made of wood, used wooden materials. Metal elements can be installed if the walls are covered with moisture-resistant plasterboard. Activities are carried out in a certain sequence. First, markings are applied to install the sheathing.

Its width is selected taking into account the width of the insulation. You need to subtract 3-4 mm from the figure. Insulation elements must be installed against the sheathing. This action is not necessary for all types of materials.

Installing racks in corners

To make the corners of the room even, you need this action. The height of the beam 50x100 mm is chosen equal to the height of the room. A small beam is secured to the edge with self-tapping screws large timber to make a right angle. The steps are repeated for each corner.

Lathing

For the sheathing, boards are prepared that are installed vertically. After they are secured, the correct installation is checked with a level. The sheathing is installed first in the corners, moving towards the center.

Installation of vapor barrier and waterproofing

Use polymer films for this; a foiled surface is possible. Fastening is done using a stapler. Definitely overlap. The joints are sealed with tape. Actions are performed over the entire insulated surface.

It is attached to the sheathing; there should be room for ventilation. Roofing felt is most often used. It helps to get dry walls and prevents condensation.

Important! Any wooden elements, installed to insulate a house, must be impregnated with compounds against mold and mildew.

Choice of insulation

Each insulation material has special properties. To choose the right composition that has all the required parameters, it is worth familiarizing yourself with the features of each of them. One of the popular materials is extruded polystyrene foam. It is dense, has a thickness of 20-40 mm. It is attached to the wall using adhesive mixtures. Then the surface is treated with plaster, you can glue wallpaper directly on top.

Insulation using expanded polystyrene is carried out in the following sequence:

• the wall is leveled and treated with an antiseptic;
• the material is fixed with tile adhesive. To increase adhesion, you can apply the adhesive composition to the surface with a roller. Be sure to coat the entire surface to the edges;

• It is advisable not to use dowels - steam penetrates through them, leaving pores;

• after hardening, the seams are filled silicone sealant to prevent steam penetration;

You can glue wallpaper on top of the fixed material. If finishing is required, reinforcement with fiberglass mesh using glue is necessary.

Fiberboards

This material is most often used for external wall insulation. Can also be used inside the home. Its advantages are good heat retention and noise absorption. During the production process, the products are treated with mixtures against insects and rodents. Temperature changes do not render the insulation unusable. To cut into pieces, you can use any suitable tools, there are no restrictions.

To secure fiberboard to the walls, nails longer than 3.5 cm are enough. It is advisable to drive them in in a checkerboard pattern. One sheet is pierced with approximately 16 nails. After additional treatment with plaster, you can cover the surface with wallpaper, lay wires, making the required channels.

When using this material, there is a possibility of condensation.

Insulation with mineral wool and glass wool Before insulation with mineral wool begins, mandatory installation of sheathing is required. The thermal insulation characteristics of the composition are high, it is easy to install, and has a long service life.

It is important to secure the material between the boards so that there are not even the slightest gaps left. For more secure fastening, you can use dowels. The composition is laid from the bottom of the walls, moving upward. To ensure a higher sealing density, the edges are pressed down and trampled.

You need to lay it in an even layer, without kinks. You can make several layers. After installation, the vapor barrier layer is installed. Glass wool must be laid using protective equipment. It crumbles, glass particles can damage Airways, so you need a respirator.

It is important to install protective structures after laying the insulation. You can use fiberboard.

The answer to the question whether it is possible to insulate a house from the inside and with what cannot be called unambiguous. The process is carried out in one sequence, but the selection of materials and wall features will be individual. Ecowool is a natural insulation material. It is made entirely of paper (cellulose). It contains antiprenes and boric acid, which are not capable of releasing harmful volatile compounds.

Advantages of the material:

• no restrictions on geometric dimensions;
• All cracks are closed, which ensures high sound insulation;
• the material has low thermal conductivity;
• does not rot due to antiprenes, is protected from pests by impregnation with boric acid;
• releases moisture well, dries quickly in case of waterlogging;
• the composition is not flammable.

Cons of ecowool:

• high price;
• relatively complex installation process.

Insulation with foil

When figuring out how and with what to insulate a house from the inside, it is important to analyze the pros and cons of each insulation. Such insulation materials have a number of advantages that are not available in other materials.

Among the positive qualities are:

• High degree of heat reflection. Up to 95% of thermal radiation is retained inside the house.
• Moisture is repelled because hydrophobic material.
• The installation process is simple and does not take much time.
• External influences do not affect the quality of the insulation.
• High degree of noise absorption.
• Ecological cleanliness. The composition does not contain impurities harmful to humans.
• Long service life. The foil does not corrode for a very long time.
• High elasticity. You can easily give the necessary shape to the insulation.

There are materials on sale that are covered with foil on one or both sides. There are no restrictions on use: you can insulate not only the walls, but also the ceiling and floor. To prevent heat from leaving the house when heating with radiators, polyethylene insulation is installed between them and the wall. It is important to leave about 2 cm of free space.

Comparison of insulation materials. Thermal conductivity table

Technology for insulating walls from the inside

For each type of wall there are specifics on how to insulate a house from the inside. For frame houses it is necessary to first check their condition. If defects are found, they must be eliminated before insulation work begins. The first step is to remove foreign objects from the walls and clean the surface. It is important to eliminate any gaps present on the surface. This is done using polyurethane foam.

If the walls are damp, they must be dried with a hair dryer. A waterproofing layer is installed. It is worth cutting it in advance into strips that will be equal to the size of the walls of the house. Next, the material is attached to the surface. Thermal insulation is installed and secured between the pre-installed sheathing. To increase the efficiency of insulation, you can lay the insulation as tightly as possible, if its structure allows.

Insulation of a wooden house

Do not confuse how to insulate a house inside with methods of external insulation. Work should begin by installing the sheathing. It is fixed to load-bearing walls. It is worth using timber for this purpose. A metal profile should be used only if the cladding is made using moisture-resistant plasterboard. To do straight corners

, it is necessary to prepare corner posts, for which a timber with a section of 50x100 mm is used. In height they are equal to the height of the room. The walls must be pre-treated with special compounds that prevent burning and rotting of the material. Next, the bars are installed at a distance of 50 cm, and the process of fixing the sheathing is considered complete. Afterwards the insulation material is attached. The most popular is mineral wool. The material is adjusted to size, the width should exceed the distance between the vertical wooden structures

by a couple of centimeters. Mineral wool is secured using anchor bolts. You can lay it in a couple of layers, placing a film between them.

Upon completion of installation of the material, 30x40 mm bars are installed. Sheathing is carried out, for example, with clapboard. If the named material is used, this will additionally insulate the home.

Insulation of a panel house To create suitable conditions for comfortable stay , mainly in panel houses mineral wool is used. You can insulate the house from the inside with polyurethane foam. The first step in the insulation process is the removal of the old coating. A vacuum cleaner is often used to remove dirt.

The cleaned wall is treated with an antiseptic solution and primer. After each applied layer, the wall must be allowed to dry. Next, uneven surfaces are covered with plaster mortar, the joints are coated with mastic or sealant.

The next stage is installation of insulation. The material is installed according to the rules given above. These rules are slightly different for each lineup. The final stage is the final finishing.

Insulation of brick houses

Having figured out how to insulate the inside of a house, you can begin to study the insulation features of each type of wall. Brick dwellings are distinguished by their durability and strength. But the thermal conductivity of brick is high, heat goes outside quickly, compared, for example, with a dwelling made of timber.

To create a comfortable temperature in the premises, insulation is necessary. If we analyze the insulation process using mineral wool as an example, it is worth considering that the material cannot be left open.

It will begin to emit dust, which is harmful to human health.

Picture 45. Insulation of a brick house. It is necessary to waterproof the thermal insulation layer - materials usually easily absorb moisture.

In this case, their properties are lost. To secure all the required layers, you first need to prime and plaster the walls. There is no point in making the surface flat - it will be covered with lathing. When the walls are completely dry, a layer of waterproofing is attached to them. The sheathing is installed if the insulation material requires it. It can be secured with screws. The insulation is fixed. A vapor barrier layer is installed on top of it.

You can cover the outer layer with plywood or drywall. The joints between the sheets are sealed with putty.

Common mistakes when insulating walls The rules on how best to insulate a house from the inside or outside should be sorted out in advance. Incorrect actions lead to rapid deterioration of the walls and retention of moisture in their surface. If the walls are not insulated, when there is dampness and sub-zero temperatures outside, they will distribute incoming moisture and cold over the entire surface. The insulation process helps save money on heating. Don't think that

interior decoration walls are insulated. This is mistake.

1. Wrong combination of wall material and insulation. Foam concrete blocks and polystyrene foam do not combine with wood. You need to use mineral wool or other materials that trap moisture outside.
2. Laying of mineral wool slabs takes place only in dry weather. The material is able to absorb vapors and remain damp for a long time, losing its properties. You can cover the insulation with finishing material only after it has completely dried, and plaster it as quickly as possible so that it does not have time to become damp.

Important! When insulating with expanded polystyrene or other similar materials, you need to apply glue not pointwise, but over the entire surface. Condensation will form in the layers of the “thermal coat”.

At the end of the insulation process, the walls can sometimes freeze even more and not become warmer if you make serious mistakes. Many questions are asked regarding whether it is possible to insulate a house from the inside. From a technological point of view, it will be correct. This will keep the walls from freezing. At least 70% of the heat from the external walls of the building is retained. Therefore, carry out insulation work inside the building only if there is no other way out.

To reduce the costs associated with heating your home, it is definitely worth investing in wall insulation. Before delving into the search for a team of façade designers, it is advisable to prepare properly. Here is a list of the most common mistakes that can be made when insulating a house.

Absence or poorly executed wall insulation project

The main task of the project is to determine the optimal thermal insulation material (mineral wool or polystyrene foam) and its thickness in accordance with building codes. Also, a pre-prepared house insulation project gives the customer the opportunity to clearly control the work performed by contractors, for example, the layout of insulation sheets, the number of fasteners per square meter, and workaround methods window openings, as well as much more.

Carrying out work at temperatures below 5° or above 25°, or during precipitation

The consequence of this is that the glue between the insulation and the base dries too quickly, as a result of which the adhesion between the layers of the wall insulation system is not reliable.

Ignoring site preparation

The contractor must protect all windows from dirt by covering them with film. In addition, (especially when insulating large buildings) it is good if the scaffolding is covered with a mesh, which will protect the insulated facade from excessive sunlight and wind, allowing finishing materials dry more evenly.

Insufficient surface preparation

The surface of the insulated wall must have sufficient load-bearing capacity and be smooth, level and free of dust to ensure good adhesion for the adhesive. Uneven plaster and any other defects must be corrected. It is unacceptable to leave mold, efflorescence, etc. residues on insulated walls. Of course, it is necessary to first eliminate the cause of their occurrence and remove them from the wall.

No starting bar

By installing the base profile, the level of the bottom layer of insulation is set. Also, this bar takes on part of the load from the weight of the heat-insulating material. And, in addition, such a strip helps protect the lower end of the insulation from the penetration of rodents

There should be a gap of about 2-3 mm between the slats.

Installation of slabs is not staggered.

A common problem is the appearance of gaps between slabs.

The insulation slabs must be installed carefully and tightly in a checkerboard pattern, that is, offset by half the length of the slab from bottom to top, starting from the corner wall.

Incorrect application of glue

It is incorrect when gluing is carried out only by applying “bloopers” and does not apply a layer of glue along the perimeter of the sheet. The consequence of such gluing may be the bending of the insulation boards or the marking of their outline on the final finishing of the insulated facade.

Options for correctly applying glue to foam:

1. along the perimeter in the form of stripes with a width of 4-6 cm. On the remaining surface of the insulation - dotted “bloopers” (from 3 to 8 pieces). The total area of ​​the adhesive should cover at least 40% of the foam sheet;
2. applying glue to the entire surface with a ridge spatula - used only if the walls are pre-plastered.

Note: the adhesive solution is applied only to the surface of the thermal insulation, never to the base.

Gluing mineral wool requires preliminary puttying of the slab surface. Thin layer cement mortar rub into the surface of the mineral wool.

Insufficient fastening of thermal insulation to the load-bearing surface

This may be the result of careless application of adhesive, the use of materials with inappropriate parameters, or too weak mechanical fastening. Mechanical connections are all kinds of dowels and anchors. Do not skimp on the mechanical fastening of insulation, be it heavy mineral wool or lightweight foam.

The place of fastening with a dowel must coincide with the place where the glue (blooper) is applied on the inside of the insulation

The dowels must be properly embedded in the insulation. Pressing too deeply leads to damage to the insulation boards and the formation of a cold bridge. Too small and it will cause a bulge that will be visible on the façade.

Leaving thermal insulation unprotected from weather conditions.

Exposed mineral wool easily absorbs water, and polystyrene foam in the sun is subject to surface erosion, which can impair the adhesion of wall insulation layers. Thermal insulation materials must be protected from atmospheric influences, both when they are stored on a construction site and when they are used to insulate walls. Walls insulated with mineral wool must be protected by a roof to prevent them from getting wet by rain - because if this happens they will dry very slowly and wet insulation is not effective. Walls insulated with foam plastic cannot be exposed to prolonged exposure to direct sunlight. By long-term we mean more than 2-3 months.

Incorrect laying of insulation boards in the corners of openings

To insulate walls in the corners of window or door openings, the insulation must be cut appropriately so that the intersection of the slabs does not occur at the corners of the openings. This, of course, significantly increases the amount of waste thermal insulation material, but can significantly reduce the risk of cracks in the plaster in these places.

Not sanding the glued foam layer

This operation takes a long time and is quite labor intensive. For this reason, it is not popular among contractors. As a result, curvature may form on the facade.

Mistakes when laying fiberglass mesh

The reinforcing layer of wall insulation provides protection from mechanical damage. It is made from fiberglass mesh and reduces thermal deformation, increases strength and prevents the formation of cracks.

The mesh must be completely immersed in the adhesive layer. It is important that the mesh is glued without folds. We also do not recommend using cheap Chinese meshes. They are not alkali-resistant, which will lead, over time, to corrosion by the solution, which means the plaster layer will not be sufficiently protected from temperature and mechanical deformation.

In places vulnerable to loads, an additional layer of reinforcement is performed - in all corners of window and door openings, strips of mesh measuring at least 35x25 are glued at an angle of 45°. This prevents cracks from forming in the corners of openings.

To strengthen the corners of the house, corner profiles with mesh are used.

Not filling the seams between the insulation

The result is the formation of cold bridges. To fill gaps up to 4 mm wide, façade mounting foam is used.

Not using a primer before a layer of decorative plaster

Some people mistakenly apply finishing decorative plaster directly to the mesh layer, abandoning the special primer. This results in improper bonding decorative plaster, the appearance of gaps gray from glue and the rough surface of the insulated facade. In addition, after a few years, such plaster cracks and falls off in pieces.

Mistakes when applying decorative plaster

Thin-film plasters can be performed after 3 days from the date of completion of the reinforcing layer.

The work must be organized so that the team works without interruptions on at least 2 or 3 levels of scaffolding. This prevents the appearance of uneven color on the facade due to its drying at different times.

Do-it-yourself wall insulation with mineral wool

Heat loss through the walls of a house can reach 30% of the total heat loss, so one of the main stages of thermal insulation of a building is wall insulation. Mineral wool is often chosen as insulation for walls. Mineral wools are made from molten glass, rocks or slag; resins are used as a binding element. The material has a fibrous structure, and, depending on the purpose, the direction of the fibers may be different.

Insulating walls from the outside with mineral wool has a number of advantages:

• This is a relatively cheap insulation with low thermal conductivity;
• Mineral insulation has good sound-absorbing characteristics;
• Mineral wool does not support combustion, so it can be used for insulation of flammable structures;
• This material is vapor permeable and does not create the effect of a thermos; the building “breathes”;
• Mineral wool is easy to install - the insulation is sold in the form of mats or rolls, you can choose the most convenient option;
• Depending on local conditions, you can select the required thickness of insulation;

Mineral wool does not rot and is not susceptible to fungus, microorganisms and rodents.

The disadvantages of mineral wool include the deterioration of its thermal insulation characteristics when wetted, so it must be protected from atmospheric moisture and condensation. In terms of environmental friendliness, mineral insulation, when used under normal conditions, does not pose any danger, since the release of harmful components occurs only when mineral wool is heated to 300 degrees or more.

The choice of insulation thickness is made using thermotechnical calculations, taking into account the thermal conductivity of the wall material, their thickness, as well as the standard thermal resistance of the walls for a particular region. For a simplified calculation, you can use the table.

Technology of wall insulation with mineral wool

1. Preparing walls for laying insulation depends on the material from which they are built. Wooden walls must be impregnated with an antiseptic to avoid damage to the log house by microorganisms. Areas damaged by rot, fungus, and mold must be thoroughly cleaned and soaked in appropriate solutions - after installing the insulation, access to them will be impossible. It is enough to free brick and foam concrete walls from peeling plaster and paint. If the walls are wet, they must be thoroughly dried. Window trims and slopes must be dismantled, and fastening and decorative elements that can damage the vapor barrier and insulation layer must be removed from the walls.
2. A layer of vapor-permeable membrane is placed under the mineral insulation. The film is positioned so that the vapor-permeable side faces the wall of the house, and the smooth side faces the insulation. A vapor-permeable membrane is necessary to ensure the removal of water vapor from the walls of the house through the insulation. It is allowed to lay mineral insulation on smooth walls without first laying a membrane film.

Insulating walls outside with mineral wool is one of the most popular methods of thermal insulation of buildings. Its popularity is due to the low thermal conductivity of mineral wool, due to which most of the heat remains inside the building, as well as the environmental friendliness of the material and its ability to remove moisture from inside the house. In addition, mineral wool is an excellent sound insulator.

Other materials are also used to insulate walls, for example, polystyrene foam or extruded polystyrene. These methods are used for plaster finishing, since slab insulation is an excellent basis for plaster. We also have an article that describes the advantages and disadvantages of all types of insulation for walls from the inside.

Method of laying insulation on walls and stages

Laying insulation on walls involves two common techniques: internal insulation and external insulation.

But after much debate and research, it turned out that external insulation still has many more advantages, which is still used by ordinary citizens who take on the task of creating coziness and comfort in a private home.

Frame installation

If, before starting work on installing insulation, you did not have a frame ready for filling, then you should not be afraid of it. It is created using a fairly simple technology, which requires the use of wooden blocks, usually 50x50 mm in size. They are mounted vertically and at a distance of 580 mm from each other, so that mats or insulation boards fit perfectly here. The thickness of the insulation is 50 mm, and the width is 600 m. This is very important, if you make a mistake, you will have to cut off the edge of the insulation, do you really need additional work that could have been avoided without loss of quality? If you have mats whose width is 1200 mm, simply cut them into 2 parts, and there is no need to expand the frame - then the insulation will not be attached firmly enough. It is quite important to be demanding about the strength of the frame; usually people think specifically about insulation, forgetting that the frame will be one of the foundations on which the comfort of your home rests.

How is installation done?

Don’t be alarmed, the installation of insulation has already been done independently by a variety of people. There is a proven step-by-step scheme that will allow you to make durable and reliable insulation. To begin with, the technology for laying insulation requires some precautions - the work should be carried out in:

• respirator;
• glasses;
• cap or hat;
• hood;
• You should always wear gloves on your hands;
• After completing the work, the clothes are washed separately from the rest.

It is not difficult to follow these rules, but they will raise the level of comfort and safety in the work being carried out to the limit. Let us note that many people ignore the use of a respirator, which is a big mistake - there is something to breathe in, and then you will need to seek help from a doctor, and it is difficult to imagine what this could lead to. The key instructions for laying insulation on walls are the following sequence of actions:

1. We start by very carefully foaming all the seams and cracks, of which there are usually a very large number on the outer sides of the walls. Polyurethane foam is perfect for this and is easy to use, so you will be satisfied with the result;
2. Next, we must take care that the insulation fits very tightly to the heated part of the house and fills all the space inside the frame. If there are any voids along the edges of the wooden frame, everything is corrected, even if this place is made of small cut pieces of insulation;
3. then we check that the edges of the insulation do not wrinkle inward - everything must be strictly parallel;
4. We check all connections - the insulation is laid end-to-end, even a small gap is a huge loss in the quality of insulation. If the insulation is laid in several layers, this is done as when laying bricks: a new layer overlaps the previous joint;
5. Next, you need to take care of placing the insulation even behind the junction box, behind wires and other elements - there should be no gaps or gaps at all;

If you acted carefully and responsibly, you will need to cover the insulation with the material that you chose for this, but this is a completely different task, it has its own subtleties and rules - the insulation for your home is completed and a comfortable winter awaits you.

Experts note that a good insulation option is Ursa M-15 fiberglass mats, as well as fairly high-quality and comfortable Ursa P-15 slabs. At least, these insulation options have become especially popular, which is why much more attention should be paid to them. In general, it is possible to browse a wide variety of construction forums. Before you, a huge number of people insulated their homes on their own, so here you will find hundreds of pages discussing the strengths and weaknesses of various insulation materials: an hour or two of reading and you yourself will begin to understand this area.

If we talk about everything that is available to you, then it is worth noting stone or mineral wool. Such insulation will boast absolute non-flammability, as well as soundproofing, which will allow great savings for those who make a music studio out of their home or would like to be in silence; classic sound insulation costs a lot of money.

Separately, we note glass wool, the popularity of which in industry is simply off scale. This material has a low thickness, which allows for dense and reliable insulation in a small volume. The level of thermal conductivity of the material is significantly reduced with the help of air gaps. Here we note expanded polystyrene and extruded polystyrene foam, which are not expensive, but at the same time do their job perfectly. Polyethylene foam, which is easy to use and does not require any kind of hydro- or vapor barrier, will effectively protect your home from the cold. Usually this is an excellent opportunity to do everything extremely economically, while not forgetting about quality.

Internal insulation

Anyone can insulate a house on their own, but it is worth noting that if something goes wrong with the external insulation, if the design or other reasons do not make it possible to do external insulation, then it will be necessary to make a layer inside. The scheme is approximately the same, only you will have to tinker more with the ceilings and floors. Frames filled with fiberglass are especially suitable here, but you can see how living spaces will suffer. In addition, we need a vapor barrier that will protect the insulation from moisture. A special vapor barrier tape must be used here. Note that when installing internal insulation, there is a greater chance of turning to specialists for help; the task is generally more painstaking.

External insulation

Laying insulation on walls has gained such popularity for the following simple reasons:

1. you have an excellent opportunity to effectively manage the internal space; insulation can take up quite a lot of space, especially if you are not going to spend a lot of money on insulation that will be extremely thin but effective;
2. External insulation is now so effective that internal insulation has begun to lose out to it. There will be no moisture in the walls due to the use of high-quality materials, and the external insulation materials themselves no longer suffer from weather conditions due to the development of technologies in their production;
3. the load-bearing wall of your house will be protected by insulation, which means it will be less susceptible to temperature changes, which will become the basis for the strength and durability of the entire building;

In addition, in such a decision we will take into account one of the most important design principles, which states that wet steam will be able to escape from the room not only through windows, but also through walls, and insulation inside the house would stop this process.

How to properly insulate walls from the inside

There are many negative opinions expressed about whether it is possible to insulate walls from the inside. On the other hand, it is not always possible to sheathe the outside walls of a private house or apartment with insulation for various reasons. Therefore, the internal thermal insulation of premises also has the right to life, the main thing is to correctly carry out this insulation with your own hands, which will be discussed in the material presented below.

When you can and cannot insulate from the inside

All the problems that internal wall insulation can create are largely far-fetched and often exaggerated by supporters of external thermal insulation. The most common statement is that a dew point appears in the wall, which, after insulating the wall from the inside, moves to its inner surface, as a result of which condensation appears at the insulation/wall interface, followed by various fungi. Since the process is hidden from view by a heat-insulating layer, the problem is detected already at an advanced stage.

This is not entirely true. In fact, the dew point in the thickness of the wall is constantly moving, because the temperature outside and inside changes even during the day. Therefore, specialists in building thermal physics operate with such a concept as a zone of possible condensation, and not just one point. Within this zone, moisture necessarily condenses, regardless of the insulation method, the only question is its quantity.

If there is no significant supply of vapor from the outside, then moisture falls only from the air inside the wall, and this is a tiny amount. And since condensation is accompanied by the release of heat, this moisture can evaporate quite quickly. When a large amount of steam penetrates the walls from the street or from rooms, dampness can form, which often affects cold concrete walls.

Important. If concrete or walls made of other materials are wet, then insulating the house from the inside is not allowed until the causes of dampness are identified and eliminated. Often these reasons are high indoor humidity and lack of supply and exhaust ventilation.

To counter the negative judgments, we will give a couple of typical examples from practice. The first is insulation pitched roof of a private home, because it is done only from the inside. If the thermal insulation “pie” is made correctly, then all the resulting moisture is safely removed from the insulation. The same applies to a frame house, where mineral wool, which is part of the outer wall, acts as thermal insulation.

The reasons why homeowners are forced to insulate the house from the inside are quite compelling:

• It is technically very difficult to cover a wall with insulation from the outside, and it is generally impossible to do it yourself. This includes the facades of houses in the city center and apartments of high-rise buildings;
• some enclosing structures border technical premises, for example, an elevator shaft;
• Since insulation from the inside is significantly cheaper than the outside, this is also an important argument for many. People do not always have the financial means, but want to save on heating.

The conclusion from all of the above is this: internal insulation of residential or country house has the right to life, but with some reservations. The wall to be insulated must be dry and free of fungus initially, and the surface must be prepared according to the technology.

Materials

The choice of materials used for insulating private houses and apartments from the inside is not very wide and consists of the following items:

• mineral wool in slabs with a density of at least 100 kg/m3;
• slab foam with a density of 25 kg/m3;
• extruded polystyrene foam in slabs, also known as penoplex;
• thin insulators with foil based on foamed polyethylene, used as additional insulation.

Note. There is an opinion that insulating building construction You can also use plasterboard. The latter is indeed able to retain heat, but cannot serve as the main thermal insulation layer. GKL is a finishing material used in conjunction with insulation materials.

Non-combustible mineral wool is well suited for internal thermal insulation of any wooden house, both timber and log. Its only serious drawback is its ability to absorb moisture and allow water vapor to pass through it quite freely. Therefore, mineral wool should be carefully protected from the space of the rooms so that moisture from inside the house does not seep into the insulation. In this case, it is better to take cotton wool in slabs of high density; it does not settle from moisture and is capable of releasing moisture well.

Advice. Not possible for internal thermal insulation Buy mineral wool based on fiberglass (glass wool), it is harmful to human health.

Whatever they say, foam plastic also allows a small amount of vapor to pass through, so it also needs a vapor barrier. In addition, the material is flammable, so it is better to hide it behind a plasterboard finish or plaster it. Polystyrene foam is very popular due to its low cost, therefore it is suitable for a budget option for insulating both wooden and brick walls from the inside.

An excellent insulation material in all respects is extruded polystyrene foam, which has the highest thermal insulation properties. Another thing is that it is the most expensive of all materials used for internal insulation, but it is also the thinnest. Penoplex also does not allow water vapor to pass through, which is why it does not require any vapor barrier. The only thing better than this is polyurethane foam, which is sprayed by machine.

Well, foamed foil polyethylene (penofol, isolon) can also be successfully used instead vapor barrier film and as additional insulation to the main layer of mineral wool. It just needs to be laid correctly with the joints glued, which will be discussed later.

Technology for insulating walls from the inside

The first step is to prepare the surface. If we are talking about a brick wall, then it must be plastered and leveled from the inside, after which the surface is treated with a deeply penetrating antifungal primer.

The point is that there is no air gap formed between the wall and the insulation layer, from which condensation can fall out at a certain temperature difference. It’s a different matter - a house made of timber or rounded logs, here you won’t be able to do without air pockets. If the walls made of timber have only small horizontal cracks, then it is impossible to make the internal surface of the log house smooth.

All that remains is to carefully caulk all the joints and cracks, and then saturate the wood with an antiseptic composition. The best option for insulating brick walls is still polystyrene foam or penoplex with a thickness of 20 to 50 mm, depending on the climate in the region of residence. An adhesive mixture or polyurethane glue is first applied to the foam board, in a continuous layer, and not just around the perimeter.

Remember what we said earlier about excess air. Then the slab is well glued to the wall, followed by the next one, and so on. It is necessary to ensure that the joints between the slabs are minimal, fitting them tightly to each other. After the glue has hardened, the insulation should be fixed with dowels in the form of mushrooms at the rate of 2-3 pieces. on a polystyrene foam board, no longer needed.

At this point, the insulation of a house or cottage from the inside, done with your own hands, is completed, you can begin finishing works. Plaster on a reinforcing mesh or glued tiles fits well on penoplex.

To insulate a wooden house, you will need to install a frame made of timber, the width of which is equal to the thickness of the insulation. Thermal insulation technology looks like this:

• the surface of the wall is covered with a diffusion membrane that allows vapor to pass through. A ventilation gap is left under the membrane, as shown in the diagram below;
• the sheathing beams are installed and secured in such a way that the insulation slabs fit between them at odds;
• Mineral wool is placed between the racks without additional fastenings;
• a vapor barrier layer made of film is installed. Its canvases are laid with overlap and gluing, pressing the counter-lattice with slats;
• Sheets of plasterboard and other interior decoration are attached to the slats.

Note. Here the ventilation gap serves to remove vapors penetrating through a log or timber wall and forming in the insulation. For this purpose, special holes are made in the wall.

Particular attention should be paid to sealing the vapor barrier layer. The joints must be well taped so that moisture from the room cannot penetrate into the insulation. Here, instead of film, you can lay foil penofol, but without overlaps. Aluminum tape is used to seal the joints. How to properly install such insulation is shown in the video:

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