National clothing of the Swedes. Swedish national costume Children's national costume of Sweden

Swedes' food is very varied. It varies depending on social, economic and natural conditions. But the range of dishes, the methods of preparing them and the diet have a lot in common throughout the country.

Bread is consumed both purchased and home-baked. Peasants bake rye sour or sweet and sour bread in the form of large round or oval loaves, often with the addition of cumin, anise and other seasonings. In addition, they bake all kinds of flat cakes from unleavened rye or barley dough in such quantities that they last for several months. The cakes are strung on a thin pole and stored in pantries. They also eat dry and hard rye bread, the so-called knackebrodet . It can be stored for a long time without losing its taste. Wheat bread is consumed quite rarely in villages. For the holidays, both in cities and in rural areas, various buns, curly gingerbreads, cookies, pretzels, puddings, bagels, pancakes, pancakes, and brats are prepared.

They cook a variety of soups from barley, semolina, rice, dumplings, and also from flour. Soups are seasoned with milk or boiled in meat broth.

Peasants eat meat dishes mainly during spring field and harvest work, as well as on holidays and Sundays. For the holidays, peasants prepare various types of sausage, mostly from pork and lamb. The sausage is generously seasoned with caraway seeds, pepper, and onions. They eat it boiled, smoked, salted and fried. Blood sausage is often prepared ( palt , paltbrod ) from the fresh blood of slaughtered domestic animals, to which rye flour, a small amount of meat, syrup and various seasonings are added. After slaughtering livestock, meat is prepared for future use: most of it is salted, sometimes smoked.

Soups or cabbage soup are prepared from meat. Pork is fried and eaten most often with flatbreads; boiled and stewed meat is also eaten with potatoes or other side dishes. Cold boiled meat, mainly veal, is served as an appetizer. Boiled veal, heated in milk or lard, seasoned with pepper and sometimes white flour, is eaten with potatoes. Jellies are prepared from fresh pork and veal meat. A special dish is prepared from the liver: boiled liver cut into pieces, add meat broth, salt, pepper and other seasonings to taste. In the last century, neighbors usually invited each other to try this dish. Snacks are usually prepared from poultry meat. In forest areas they consume meat from wild birds and hares.

Fats used in food include butter and lard. The peasants churn their own butter.

Swedes have a varied diet. This is a curd mass, seasoned with spices, feta cheese, yogurt. Milk is drunk separately and with coffee, eaten with cereals, soups, potatoes, and flatbreads. Cream made from fresh milk, salted and seasoned with caraway seeds, is eaten with potatoes.

Various cheeses are made from milk - mostly hard, less often soft. They are made from fresh and sour milk with the addition of salt and caraway seeds. In each area, the cheese has its own characteristics - density, aroma and other properties. Holiday cheeses prepared in patterned wooden forms. Cheese is often eaten as a snack between breakfast and lunch or between lunch and dinner.

The favorite non-alcoholic drink of Swedes, both in the city and in the countryside, is coffee, which they drink several times a day. They drink relatively little tea. They drink a lot of beer. Residents rural areas They brew it themselves from barley malt.

Swedish workers and peasants usually eat three times a day. For breakfast they prepare porridge (on ordinary days - most often barley), eggs, sandwiches with butter and cheese, and brew coffee. Porridges are eaten with milk, honey, syrup, and lingonberry juice.

Lunch consists of two or three dishes and drinks (coffee, beer). For the first course prepare soup or cabbage soup. The soup is most often cooked with barley, with the addition of wheat flour and milk, with dumplings in meat broth, beans, peas, and potatoes. On ordinary days, cabbage soup is often prepared from fresh cabbage, generously seasoned with caraway seeds. Sometimes they are boiled with meat and a small amount of cereal. Boiled vegetable soups from potatoes, rutabaga, carrots, onions, peppers with meat or milk, as well as sweet fruit soups (apples, pears, plums) with the addition of a small amount of flour and milk. In winter, fresh frozen vegetables and fruits are consumed in large quantities.

Among the fishing population, fish soups (cod, herring, pike, herring, eel and other fish) with potatoes, potato dumplings, cereals or flour are common.

TO festive table Milk soups with semolina or rice, or potato meat soup are often prepared.

The second lunch dish is most often potatoes. It generally occupies a large place in the Swedish diet, both as an independent dish and as a side dish. These are mashed potatoes with milk, stewed potatoes seasoned with white flour, sugar, eggs and butter, fried potatoes, potato dumplings with lard and other dishes. Porridge is eaten less frequently for lunch than potatoes.

In some areas (Bohuslän, etc.) the preparation of second courses from beans and peas is widespread. The beans are stewed and eaten with milk or boiled and stewed with pork and then eaten with sauce. On the island of Föhr, Norland and other areas, rutabaga and turnip dishes are also served for lunch, prepared in various ways.

Almost every day on the second or third they eat various mousses and creams (all of them are called « rogrod »), and in those places where there are fruits and berries, all kinds of jelly.

In the evening they most often eat porridge with milk, pancakes made from flour or grated raw potatoes, drinking coffee.

The festive table differs from the everyday table in a wide variety of flour products and dishes, as well as in the preparation of some traditional dishes. So, they're preparing for Christmas rice porridge with raisins, roast goose, apple cake and sweet beer. On Midsummer's Day, in some regions they prepare rutabaga with meat and various seasonings.

For weddings, christenings and funerals, a special porridge is prepared from white flour with milk, with the addition of sugar, cinnamon, and almonds. Then the porridge, which has not yet cooled down, is placed in a wooden form with beautiful carvings; when the porridge has cooled and thickened, it is dumped onto a large tin dish and taken out to the guests. On holidays, various shaped cakes are baked from thick dough made from white flour, milk, potatoes, eggs and sugar, as well as pancakes, pancakes, and dracheny. No holiday meal is complete without different varieties sausages.

For household Swedes are characterized by a large number of porcelain, earthenware and wooden dishes. Aluminum, iron, glass and birch bark utensils are also used. Wooden utensils and utensils are especially specific to the northern regions of Sweden. These are cups and saucers, bowls, tubs, troughs, bottles, all kinds of strainers, barrels of a wide variety of shapes and sizes. Many of them (bowls, cups, saucers, barrels - especially for wine) are often decorated with carved or painted patterns.

Cloth

Antique clothes were worn everywhere in Sweden until the mid-19th century. But from that time on, pan-European cuts began to spread there and the national specifics of clothing, especially urban clothing, began to be somewhat smoothed out.

Folk clothing was most persistently preserved in the Dalarna region. where it is still worn on holidays. Swedish folk clothing was quite diverse, but local differences concerned mainly its color, the nature of embroidery and other decorations, and women's headdresses. In addition to the usual suit, there were special suits for different occasions: festive, wedding, funeral. Clothing also differed according to age and social status.

The basic elements of Swedish folk costume were common to all regions of the country.

Men's folk costume consisted of a linen shirt ( skjort ) with a stand-up collar, wide sleeves and gussets (holiday and wedding shirts were decorated with lace and embroidery along the collar and cuffs); jackets ( troja , jcicka ) made of thick woolen fabric, with a low stand-up collar and two rows of buttons, often decorated along the collar, cuffs and hem with a border of a material of a different color; vest ( vdsten ) made of cloth or suede with buttons on the chest (the vest is worn under the jacket); knee-length pants (<Ьухог), а в некоторых местах Швеции - длинных; фетровой или соломенной шляпы (hatt ), caps ( kciskett ) or a knitted wool hat. Plain or striped woolen stockings were worn on the legs, tied with woolen laces at the knees, and leather shoes, shoes or boots were worn on them.

In some areas of the regions of Österjötland, Dalarna and others, a long frock coat was worn instead of a jacket ( falltroja ).

In winter, men wore long sheepskin coats sewn at the waist. On a long journey I wore sheepskin trousers and a sheepskin apron, a coat and a sheepskin sheepskin coat. Long cloth jackets were worn in spring and autumn (rock).

It is noteworthy that Swedish men's clothing is very similar to the clothing of the population of the Estonian islands and northern Estonia.

Vintage women's shirt with long sleeves ( sarken, dansark, lin- tyg) sewn from white linen canvas. It consisted of two parts: the upper (overdelssark) and lower ( nerdelssark), sewn from coarser material than the outer one. Over the shirt he put on a linen blouse ( overdel), usually embroidered on the chest and collar, and bodice (snorliv) from cloth. Women wore a wide, long skirt (kjol) made of single-color wool or wool mixture (red, green, dark blue and other colors) or striped. It was gathered together and often sewn to the bodice at the back. Aprons (forklade) sewn from woolen material (bright red, yellow, blue or striped). For a woman's costume, a belt made of colored wool with large tassels and an embroidered pocket attached to it was required. A large scarf was thrown over the shoulders.

Women's traditional costume is characterized by headdresses made of cotton or silk fabric in the form of a cap or cap. (hattA,lurkan) and a headdress with a cone-shaped straw frame covered with cloth (usually worn by married women), as well as knitted woolen caps. Caps with frills of lace and knitted hats are typical of central and northern Sweden, and in the south white scarves were common, tied in various ways and often forming headdresses of bizarre shapes.

Women wore leather shoes on their feet over woolen or paper stockings in the summer. Now in the summer they also wear slippers, sandals, and in the winter, as before, felt boots.

In cool summer weather, a long-sleeved cloth jacket or shoulder garment was worn over the blouse and bodice. The jacket was sewn at the waist. It was trimmed with ribbon or decorated with embroidery along the collar, chest, cuffs and hem. Such jackets are also worn in the Baltic states. On the Estonian islands of Tarvast and Kun they had the same cut as the Swedish ones. The same jackets were used in Finland and Karelia. Shoulder clothing ( tdpa , vessel , fris ) consisted of one or more sewn pieces of material. This ancient clothing was worn in many countries of Western Europe, as well as in Norway, Finland, and the Baltic states.

In winter, women wore thicker clothes than in summer and sheepskin coats. In autumn, both women and men wore coats (karra), most often made of cloth.

Festive clothing differed from everyday clothing in that it had a brighter color, an elegant border, and was embroidered.

Mourning clothes were dark, most often black, with the exception of the apron and women's headdress. The apron was white or yellow, and the headdress was white. The dead are buried in ordinary clothes.

Knitted woolen sweaters, scarves, hats, mittens, gloves, and stockings are now widely used in everyday clothing both in the city and in the countryside. Gloves and mittens are usually given as a sign of love and respect.

The country of Sweden is one of the oldest kingdoms in the entire world with a ruling monarchy. Law-abiding and patriotic Swedes annually celebrate one of the main holidays - the King's Birthday. Tourists will surely enjoy ancient castles, freshly baked blueberry pies, and invigorating coffee. Sweden offers many opportunities to travel around the country and experience the culture.

Sweden has a well-developed network of public transport and highways. If desired, a tourist can travel around the country by train, bus or river transport, or use a car rental service.

In large cities, buses are popular as a means of transportation. But, as for travel, in each city bus services are divided into certain zones. Each zone has its own tariff, and in order to move from zone to zone, you must keep all your travel tickets. The pass can be purchased either from the bus driver or at the bus stop.

In Sweden, intercity flights also operate. To get from one city to another by plane, it will take no more than an hour.

If you want to save on intercity travel, tourists can use the railway. There is always a significant discount on railway transport. Children under 11 years old receive a 50% discount, and people under 26 years old can purchase tickets at a 30% discount.

Sweden's water transport is so well developed that you can travel not only around Swedish cities, but also visit neighboring countries: Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Norway, Poland, Great Britain, Latvia.

Every city in Sweden has a taxi system. Cars can always be recognized by their yellow body color. The fare is 8-10 CZK + 25 CZK for boarding. Tariffs increase during the night and holiday periods.

Tourists can also resort to car rental services. Rental is available only to persons over 18 years of age with a credit card and an international driver's license.

For those who like to leisurely stroll around the city, you can rent a bicycle. In Sweden, many people prefer bicycles to cars, and the traffic rules provide for bicycle lanes. The rental price for a day is 50 CZK. And renting a bicycle for the whole week costs 200 CZK.

Electricity in the country

Electricity in Sweden is predominantly of the European type. The voltage in the electrical network is 230V, with an alternating current frequency of 50 Hz. As a rule, the higher the voltage and lower the frequency of the current, the more dangerous the voltage in the electrical network is classified. However, this type is the cheapest and simplest in technical terms.

There are also several types of sockets in Sweden. There is an accepted European standard, as well as sockets with grounding. In any case, in hotels and inns, as well as in household appliances stores, special adapters are available for sale to ensure the safe use of household appliances.

Holidays in Sweden

In addition to the traditional Swedish day, New Year and various religious holidays, the country celebrates many interesting events that will clearly interest foreign tourists in their culture.

For example, the holiday Midsummer Day. It is celebrated on a special scale in mid-June. Sweden has a rather cool climate; summers here are short but warm. According to tradition, on this day Swedes tell fortunes about luck and fate, and young girls tell fortunes about their future chosen one. Also, according to tradition, on a festive evening you should not walk near lakes, rivers and other bodies of water, since an attractive young man may be sitting on the coast, who with the sounds of music will lure lonely people walking into the underwater world. A traditional treat on Midsummer's Day is pickled herring with boiled new potatoes, red onions and sour cream.

Another exciting holiday that gourmets will definitely enjoy is the Malmö Crayfish Festival. The legal season for catching crayfish opens in August. Massive catching of arthropods is organized in the rivers, and then a feast is held on the shore, during which the caught catch is cooked on fires and grills. The Crayfish Festival lasts for a week. The holiday is accompanied by fireworks and musical parades. Swedes wear hats and aprons at the festival.

After the New Year holidays, the holiday of St. Knut (emphasis on the “y”) comes to Sweden. This holiday symbolizes the completion of ceremonial events. On this day, it is customary to clean up the house and get rid of the crumbling yellowed Christmas tree. According to tradition, Swedes make a human-sized stuffed animal out of straw, dress the stuffed animal in clothes and lean it against the neighbors’ front door. Leaving the house, the Swede meets a scarecrow, who has a note: “The whip has come, Christmas has been driven away, don’t let him stand, throw him to the neighbor again.”

National clothing in Sweden

The national clothing of Sweden has similar features to other historical costumes of Europeans. Women wore white blouses with long sleeves, long skirts and vests, with laces. Men wore white long-sleeve shirts, vests and cropped trousers with knee socks to match the women.

But the Swedish national dress also had its own peculiarity. Clothing colors, embroidery and other details differed from district to district. It was always possible to tell by clothing which region of the country a person came from. As a rule, women's clothing was similar to that of men. The similarity was consistent in color, material and decorative elements.

The classic national costume was created from blue and yellow materials, which, in their combination, resemble the Swedish flag. The skirt and vest are made of blue fabric, and the apron - one of the central items of the Swede's overall look - is made of yellow fabric. All kinds of embroidery and metal decorations complement the look. The men's suit has a blue vest and yellow trousers. This type of Swedish national clothing appeared in the 1900s.

Swedes can also find festive national clothing in their wardrobe. The color scheme of the festive folk costume of Sweden is red. Vests and aprons have rich embroidery.

In winter, men wore a sheepskin sheepskin coat sewn at the waist. In cold weather, on long journeys, men wore sheepskin tans and aprons. In spring and summer, long jackets were worn. In general, men's clothing resembles the national clothing of Estonian peoples, especially the northern regions.

Women also wore sheepskin clothes in winter, and in spring and summer they preferred long coats made of cloth.

Today, national clothing is practically not used by Swedes in everyday life. In some areas of the country, costumes are worn on holidays, and sometimes they are used to create a traditional atmosphere, for example, in tourist areas or in cafes and restaurants.

National cuisine in Sweden

The national cuisine of Sweden has absorbed all the centuries-old traditions of the state. Dishes of national cuisine are distinguished by their simplicity, but at the same time they have an invariable taste.

The Swedes add sugar to almost all dishes, and use lingonberry syrup or jam as the main sauce for anything.

Potatoes, like rice in Asian countries, are the main dish and side dish. Many restaurants today also offer tourists a choice of rice or pasta as a side dish in order to diversify their treats. Mushrooms fried with onions and cream are also often used as a side dish or snack.

Salmon and venison are considered delicacies in Sweden. Game is one of the most common dishes in Sweden. They serve hazel grouse, black grouse and wood grouse here. As for fish, this product is used to create fillings for pies, minced fish and cutlets.

Swedes pay special attention to the festive Christmas dinner. For the festive feast, they prepare pork legs in vegetables, potato casseroles with onions and cream. And for dessert they offer rice pudding. According to tradition, one of the puddings should contain almonds. The guest who gets the walnut pudding will have good luck for the entire next year, as a Swedish folk saying goes.

Thursdays in Sweden are traditionally soup day. The most popular soup is a thick pea soup with onions and pork. There are also more unusual soups, for example, soup made with goose broth, with liqueur, blood, cognac and seasonings. Oatmeal and dumplings are often added to the soup.

The main traditional snacks in Sweden are all kinds of cheeses and simple herring dishes, which are boiled, stewed, pickled with various seasonings and additives.

As for sweets, in Sweden they are called kaffebred, since all kinds of goodies, according to the rules, are usually washed down with coffee. Speaking of sweets, I again want to remember potatoes. A traditional treat is sweet potato casserole. You should also pay attention to pies made from crumbly dough with blueberries, rhubarb, and apples. For a light dessert, you can try waffles with ice cream.

Swedes prefer milk and coffee among drinks. Also popular are sparkling water with various additives: lime, lemon, caramel, apple, orange, etc.

Religion and customs of the country

The Swedes are one of the slowest people. It's not that they move slowly, but rather that they are in no hurry in general. For example, in Russia, a child at 1.5 years old is weaned off a pacifier and potty trained, while Swedish children ride freely in a stroller without removing the pacifier until they are 4 years old. Russian schoolchildren graduate from secondary education at the age of 17, while Swedish schoolchildren receive a matriculation certificate only at the age of 21.

The Swedes believe that a child should not be deprived of childhood; they can perfectly understand the moment “when” exactly they should grow up.

Swedes have a strong understanding of what should not be done and what should be done. For example, in a family it is customary to spoil children with sweets only on weekends, which means it will be so. Yes, and the children themselves, knowing the rules, will not ask for treats on weekdays.

Swedes are not averse to having fun and having a good time, however, you will never meet a Swede who spontaneously decided to go with friends to a drinking establishment and “squander” an indefinite amount of money over the evening. Swedes prepare for any event from fishing to visiting or going to a cafe in advance. At the same time, calculating possible expenses.

When making an appointment, Swedes like to plan everything for the “near future.” For example, a Swede will offer to meet in a couple of weeks, and this is not because everything is planned for the near future, but only because it is customary - this is a semblance of maintaining the right tone.

Swedes are especially passionate about what they say. If they are not 100% sure that their promise will be fulfilled, they will refuse to provide the service. Words have special weight in Sweden. It is not customary here to blame failure to fulfill an obligation or promise due to forgetfulness, or health reasons, weather conditions, etc. This applies not only to business, but even to a banal friendly meeting in a cafe.

If we talk about vacations, Swedes often travel around the country and rarely go abroad. The traditional annual vacation is five weeks, of which one week is reserved for the winter for skiing and snowboarding, and the rest of the vacation time is spent in the summer. Summer in Sweden is neither hot nor long, so in the summer months Swedes are drawn to nature, to live on the shores of lakes in campsites or summer houses. By the way, nature matters more to the Swedes. Every city has many green areas where you can spend time, relax on a comfortable bench and admire the pond and blooming flowers.

Today there is equality between men and women in Sweden. Women are increasingly working while their spouses stay at home with small children. Women, just like men, can extend their hand for a handshake when meeting.

Rules of conduct in Sweden

Sweden can be called a country of Christian denominations. Most of the population professes the Lutheran religion. However, other religious denominations are not prohibited here.

However, religious belief influenced the traditions and customs accepted in society. For example, a talkative tourist will be very happy in the company of Swedes. According to etiquette, it is not customary to talk about yourself, your problems and affairs in a conversation.

In Sweden, equality between the sexes is accepted, so if in a company a woman extends her hand to shake hands, you should show her the courtesy to do so.

If you are invited to visit, or to a picnic, or fishing, you should not fuss and inform that you are ready to go. The Swedes are meticulous about everything. To begin with, they decide on a specific vacation destination, find out about all the details, make a shopping list and plan the amount they will spend on vacation. Once everything is planned and scheduled by the hour, you can hit the road.

You should not litter on the streets; there are serious fines for polluting the streets and the environment in Sweden. Swedes appreciate the beauty of nature. Their favorite vacation spots are parks and green alleys, where you can admire the lake or pond.

You can always be sure that the Swedes are telling the truth. Honesty is part of the Swedish mentality. The Swedes are extremely law-abiding, and if in a deep forest there is a sign with the inscription to leave money for staying in the green zone, the Swedes will definitely pay according to the price list. Swedes are confident that abiding by the law benefits Swedish society as a whole. Swedes expect similar behavior from tourists.

Entertainment in Sweden

Sweden offers a lot of entertainment to its guests. Tourists can go shopping, or spend time on the shores of a crystal clear lake, or travel to ancient towns and local attractions.

It is worth noting that the Swedes themselves prefer to spend their holidays and travel within the country, visiting various cities, natural parks, reserves, and relaxing in nature.

Tourists will also enjoy entertainment such as picnics, relaxing on the lake in a summer house, horseback riding and cycling.

One of the entertainments will appeal to those who have long wanted to go on a real raft trip on the river. The tour lasts three days. Rafting is carried out on the Klarälven River. Tourists will raft under the guidance of an experienced specialist, but, first of all, they will make their own raft from timber!

In addition to active recreation, of course, tourists can count on all sorts of attractions.

Tourists are recommended to visit the Kolmorden National Safari Park, where you can see wild animals in their natural habitat. You can get around the park by car; an experienced guide will take you to all the park attractions. In the Park you can see tigers, elephants, camels, dolphins and other amazing animals.

Tourists should visit the Ericsson Globe observation deck, which is located in Stockholm. It is one of the city's most impressive technological landmarks. The observation deck also represents the city's sports palace.

Or a visit to the Skansen ethnographic museum, which is located in the open air - what fun is there.

Difference in time

The time difference with Sweden depends on what time zone the tourist is in. It will be much easier for tourists from Moscow to adapt to the time zone change, since the difference with Stockholm is only 3 hours, but tourists from Vladivostok will have a more difficult time adjusting their usual biological clock, since the time difference with Stockholm is 10 hours!

Time difference with Sweden (Stockholm) - Moscow +3 hours
Time difference with Sweden (Stockholm) – Novosibirsk +6 hours
Time difference with Sweden (Stockholm) – Vladivostok +10 hours
Time difference with Sweden (Stockholm) – Ekaterinburg +5 hours

Flight time to Sweden

Tourists can get to Sweden, the capital of the country Stockholm, in two ways, if we consider air travel. There are both direct flights and flights with transfers from Moscow to Stockholm.

As a rule, direct flights are more expensive, but at the same time, the tourist spends a minimum amount of time to get to his destination. For example, if you ask the question how long it is to fly to Sweden from Moscow, the answer will be very simple - about 2 hours.

Having chosen a flight with transfers, a tourist chooses a cheaper, budget option, but at the same time, travel time increases. When making transfers, the flight time from Moscow to Stockholm increases to 5-6 hours.

Flights to Sweden are carried out at Moscow Sheremetyevo Airport. Which can be reached from the Belorussky railway station by purchasing a ticket (320 rubles) for the Aeroexpress. Bus services will be cheaper, and when ordering a taxi you will have to pay 700 rubles.

(Note: at the end of the post-video "Folk dance")

“A beloved child has many names,” says the Swedish proverb. Much the same can be said about the traditional Swedish costume. At first glance, it will seem that the same clothes have many different names. Folkdrekt, Landskapsdrekt, Sokkedrekt, Bygdedrekt or Hembygdsdrekt, Heradsdrekt. National costume, Provincial costume, Costume of a specific province or, for example, Folkdanskostyumer, folk dance costumes.

In this material we will talk about the GENERAL NATIONAL SWEDISH COSTUME (Allmenna svenska nachunaldrekten)...

In the photo above is a typical Swedish national costume - Din Svenska Drekt (Your Swedish costume)

He was "designed" Merta Jorgensen in 1903. Märtha Jørgensen (Palme) (1874–1967) was the daughter of a wealthy businessman from Norrköping. In 1900, she became a gardener's apprentice and ended up at the royal residence of Tulgarn, in the province of Södermanland. In this castle she saw Princess Victoria of Baden-Baden. The future queen tried to demonstrate her belonging to the new national culture and wore costumes created in the folk style - variations of the costumes of the parishes of Vingåker and Österåker, as well as variations of the traditional costume of the inhabitants of the island of Öland. The same dresses were worn by court ladies. This was the inspiration for Martha Palme, the impetus for the creation of a women's national costume.

Already in 1901, she was looking for like-minded people to bring to life the main idea - to create a national costume and distribute it in wide circles. In 1902, Martha Jørgensen created the Swedish Women's National Costume Association (SVENSKA KVINNLIGA NATIONALDRÄKTSFÖRENINGEN). The society's task was to reform clothing. In contrast to French fashion, it was necessary to create a new dress, designed in accordance with the principles of practicality, hygiene, and most importantly - original “Swedishness”. "Why shouldn't we wear our fine peasant costumes?" - writes Martha Jorgensen. So, the suit was created...

Merta described her creation this way: the costume was designed in accordance with the principles of perception by different people, but naturally within reasonable limits. This meant that the Dean Svenska Drekt could come in two designs.

So a very beautiful women's outfit was created, which included a skirt and bodice, distinguished by an intense blue color. The obligatory material for such a costume was wool, but an option with a red bodice was also proposed. The yellow apron, combined with a blue skirt, was supposed to symbolize the Swiss flag. The bodice must be decorated with embroidery that would reflect the rich national past. The skirt and bodice could be either sewn or worn separately. A mandatory attribute of the costume was a belt, which was distinguished by a silver buckle. But at the bottom of the skirt there was a wide edging, the same color as the bodice of the suit. According to Jorgensen's idea, the shirt must include a wide collar, and the headdress must be particularly white. But the color of stockings and shoes was black; anything else was not welcome.

The initially accepted design was a skirt with a laced vest as separate pieces.

The second option, adopted later, is a short bodice and skirt, worn together, a design from the Wingoker district.

The skirt and bodice are Swedish blue, or the skirt is blue and the bodice is bright red, with national embroidery reflecting the nation's rich past. The blue and yellow wool (apron) should be a muted color of the Swedish flag (not such a bright color of modern materials). The apron represented the main and central part of the costume; it was made of linen, cotton, crepe or silk. They also wore bright aprons, caps trimmed with lace and thin woolen scarves on their shoulders.
Among jewelry, preference was given to large round silver brooches.

The men's suit consisted of narrow yellow or green short pants (just below the knees), long woolen stockings, shoes with thick soles with large metal buckles, a short cloth or suede jacket, a vest with metal buttons and a characteristic woolen knitted hat with pom-poms.

The bright colors of the Swedish flag, according to Merta, are exactly what the entire Swedish people needed. They had an invigorating effect on the national feelings and contrasted beautifully with the deep colors of Swedish nature - the green pine forest and the cold white snow. With a suit you must wear one of two hats, stockings - black, if there is no red in the suit, then the stockings are red. Shoes preferably with straps or laces, black, never yellow.

Thanks to the efforts of Merta Jørgensen, artists Gustav Ankarkron, Anders Zorn and Karl Larsson, the SWEDISH NATIONAL COSTUME was developed and introduced as a standard in 1903 in Falun (Dalarna County). The colors of the clothing items were taken from the Swedish national flag. However, the costume has been widely accepted as the National Costume, having in fact existed since the 1900s, after Her Majesty Queen Silvia wore it on June 6th National Day in 1983.

“A beloved child has many names,” says the Swedish proverb. Much the same can be said about the traditional Swedish costume. At first glance, it will seem that the same clothes have many different names. Folkdrekt, Landskapsdrekt, Sokkedrekt, Bygdedrekt or Hembygdsdrekt, Heradsdrekt. National costume, Provincial costume, Costume of a specific province or, for example, Folkdanskostyumer, folk dance costumes. In this material we will talk about the GENERAL NATIONAL SWEDISH COSTUME (Allmenna svenska nachunaldrekten)... In the photo above is a typical Swedish national costume - Din Svenska Drekt (Your Swedish Costume) It was “designed” Merta Jorgensen in 1903. Märtha Jørgensen (Palme) (1874-1967) was the daughter of a wealthy businessman from Norrköping. In 1900, she became a gardener's apprentice and ended up at the royal residence of Tulgarn, in the province of Södermanland. In this castle she saw Princess Victoria of Baden-Baden. The future queen tried to demonstrate her belonging to the new national culture and wore costumes created in the folk style - variations of the costumes of the parishes of Vingåker and Österåker, as well as variations of the traditional costume of the inhabitants of the island of Öland. The same dresses were worn by court ladies. This was the inspiration for Martha Palme, the impetus for the creation of a women's national costume.

Already in 1901, she was looking for like-minded people to bring to life the main idea - to create a national costume and distribute it in wide circles. In 1902, Martha Jørgensen created the Swedish Women's National Costume Association (SVENSKA KVINNLIGA NATIONALDRÄKTSFÖRENINGEN). The society's task was to reform clothing. In contrast to French fashion, it was necessary to create a new dress, designed in accordance with the principles of practicality, hygiene, and most importantly - original “Swedishness”. "Why shouldn't we wear our fine peasant costumes?" - writes Martha Jorgensen. So, the suit was created...

Merta described her creation this way: the costume was designed in accordance with the principles of perception by different people, but naturally within reasonable limits. This meant that the Dean Svenska Drekt could come in two designs.

So a very beautiful women's outfit was created, which included a skirt and bodice, distinguished by an intense blue color. The obligatory material for such a costume was wool, but an option with a red bodice was also proposed. The yellow apron, combined with a blue skirt, was supposed to symbolize the Swiss flag. The bodice must be decorated with embroidery that would reflect the rich national past. The skirt and bodice could be either sewn or worn separately. A mandatory attribute of the costume was a belt, which was distinguished by a silver buckle. But at the bottom of the skirt there was a wide edging, the same color as the bodice of the suit. According to Jorgensen's idea, the shirt must include a wide collar, and the headdress must be particularly white. But the color of stockings and shoes was black; anything else was not welcome.

The initially accepted design was a skirt with a laced vest as separate pieces.

The second option, adopted later, is a short bodice and skirt, worn together, a design from the Wingoker district.

The skirt and bodice are Swedish blue or the skirt is blue and the bodice is bright red, with national embroidery reflecting the rich national past. The blue and yellow wool (apron) should be a muted color of the Swedish flag (not such a bright color of modern materials). The apron represented the main and central part of the costume; it was made of linen, cotton, crepe or silk. They also wore bright aprons, caps trimmed with lace and thin woolen scarves on their shoulders.
Among jewelry, preference was given to large round silver brooches.

The men's suit consisted of narrow yellow or green short pants (just below the knees), long woolen stockings, shoes with thick soles with large metal buckles, a short cloth or suede jacket, a vest with metal buttons and a characteristic woolen knitted hat with pom-poms.

The bright colors of the Swedish flag, according to Merta, are exactly what the entire Swedish people needed. They had an invigorating effect on national feelings and contrasted beautifully with the deep colors of Swedish nature - green pine forest and cold white snow. With a suit you must wear one of two hats, stockings - black, if there is no red in the suit, then the stockings are red. Shoes preferably with straps or laces, black, never yellow.

Thanks to the efforts of Merta Jørgensen, artists Gustav Ankarkron, Anders Zorn and Karl Larsson, the SWEDISH NATIONAL COSTUME was developed and introduced as a standard in 1903 in Falun (Dalarna County). The colors of the clothing items were taken from the Swedish national flag. However, the costume has been widely accepted as the National Costume, having in fact existed since the 1900s, after Her Majesty Queen Silvia wore it on June 6th National Day in 1983.

Both simple girls... and princesses wear national clothes!

The costume, which was forgotten after the First World War, began to be revived in the eighties of the last century. This costume has not completely lost its fans: Swedes wear it on national holidays. This outfit can also boast of its amazing luxury at beauty contests. The most attractive thing about this costume is that it reflects Sweden, it is replete with the colors of the national flag and symbolic embroidery. And the very fact that it is still a symbol of this rich country speaks of its magnificence.

It is worn by both ordinary citizens... and princesses...

Both old and young... Traditions continue to live!