How many layers of roofing felt to put on a flat roof. We cover the roof with roofing felt. Some features in some cases

Features of roofing roofing material

Ruberoid is a waterproofing material made from cardboard impregnated with petroleum bitumen. Most often sold in rolls.

Photo of a roof made of roofing felt

The use of roofing felt involves not only its use for flat roofs, but also for pitched roofs. In addition, roofing felt is an excellent waterproofing material for foundations and roofs (upper and lower layers). A similar method of roof covering is TechnoNIKOL soft roofing.

Ruberoid, as a roofing material, is divided into 4 types:

1. Simple (glassine). The coating composition, which has a special coating, is applied to a cardboard base, which, in turn, is impregnated with bitumen;
2. Fused (rubumast). Unlike simple roofing felt, it is much easier in the process of work;
3. Ruberoid having a synthetic or fiberglass base. Service life reaches 12 years;
4. Fused (Euroruberoid). New generation roofing based on bitumen-polymer materials. Practically not subject to rotting. Service life – up to 25 years.

When choosing roofing felt, it is important to know what this or that type of roofing material is and how to make a quality choice.

The image shows rolls of roofing felt

When choosing and purchasing roofing felt, you need to pay close attention to the abbreviation, consisting of a set of numbers and letters:

• The first letter is the name of the material. “R” - roofing felt;
• The 2nd letter means purpose. “K” - roofing, “P” - lining;
• The 3rd letter(s) will indicate the type of sprinkle. “K” - coarse-grained; “M” - fine-grained; “PP” - dusty; “H” - scaly;
• Numbers from 300 to 400 will indicate the density of the cardboard (1 gram per 1 square meter).

To make it easier to understand, let’s give an example: RKK-400 will mean that this roofing material is a coarse-grained roofing material with a density of 400 g per square meter.

There are four types of material:

1. Tol. It is based on roofing cardboard impregnated with slate substrate or coal substrate. Sprinkled with stone chips on both sides. Universal use;
2. Rubemast has a fairly high viscosity of bitumen, which is applied to the underside of the cardboard. When laying, the bottom layer must be melted or dissolved;
3. Fiberglass ruberoid (steklomast). The base is not cardboard, but fiberglass. Universal application;
4. Euroroofing material is a special built-up roofing material, the base of which consists of polyester or fiberglass, on which a layer of bitumen with polymer additives is applied. It is laid by melting the bottom layer.

In order not to make a mistake in choosing a quality material, you should definitely pay attention to the certificate, which must contain GOST and the brand of the product. For example - RPPP GOST 10923-93.

The nuances necessary for the right choice roofing felt:

• The roll must be smooth, the protrusion of the layers cannot exceed 1.5 cm;
• Should not stick together;
• No visible damage - folds, cracks, tears, etc.;
• The impregnation must be in an even layer;
• Each roll is packaged separately in paper 50 cm wide, which must be marked;
• The GOST stamp must contain information about the manufacturer, technical specifications, batch number and year of production of the material.

How to lay roofing felt on the roof

In order to correctly and quickly lay roofing material on the roof, it is important to know the sequence of laying this roofing material:

1. Ruberoid – roll material. That is why, a few days before work, the roofing material is rolled out on a flat surface to allow it to straighten;
2. On flat areas of the roof, roofing material should be laid in 4 layers, and on steep sections - in 2 layers;
3. Before laying roofing felt, the surface must be prepared (must be dry and level);
4. Roofing work should be carried out in dry, calm weather;
5. The material is glued using cold or hot mastic, which is determined by the materials from which the roofing material was made;
6. You need to start work by priming the roof deck.

It is better to use ready-made primers. To make your own primer, you need to dissolve the bitumen in gasoline or kerosene.

How to lay roofing felt on a roof

Roofing felt is laid in several stages:

• Prepare the surface thoroughly. Remove debris and, if particularly necessary, rinse and let dry (in bad weather, you can use a blowtorch);
• Heat up the bitumen mastic, the consumption of which will depend entirely on how smooth the working surface is;

Prepare a primer and fill gaps, cracks and visible peelings;

It is important to know that when making a soil solution yourself, gasoline must be poured into hot bitumen. In no case the other way around, as this will lead to ignition.

If everything is done correctly, the service life of the roof will be more than 10 years. Read about an inexpensive way to insulate a roof on this page.

How to cover a garage roof with roofing felt

A garage roof, like any other, must be properly covered. The technology for laying roofing felt can be divided into several steps:

• Prepare the surface;
• Identify existing defects – peeling, cracks, holes;
• Heat the bitumen;
• Prepare a primer (the DIY method is described above);
• Pour primer into cracks and crevices, let dry and level the roof with mastic;
• Lay a lining layer of roofing material (it is possible that there will be several such layers) overlapping from bottom to top and fill it with mastic again (each layer must be filled);
• Strengthen the edges with nails;
• Place the top layer of material and secure the edges.

Video instructions on how to cover a garage roof with roofing felt

In order to properly cover a roof with roofing felt, it is necessary to take into account several points, which will be fully disclosed in the video below.

It is important to know that before covering the roof it is necessary to determine specific gravity material and its load on the roof. Because rafter system always takes on the main load, this calculation is necessary. Otherwise, the roof may sag from the weight. Read about other ways to repair a garage roof on this page.

Roof felt roof repair

At the end of spring and beginning of autumn, that is, during the time when the rainy season ends or is about to begin, the roof covered with roofing felt must be inspected and defects identified.

Repair work will depend entirely on the quality and quantity of existing damage:

• Cracks. If the cracks are small, then initially the roof must be cleaned of debris and dried thoroughly. Then cover with mastic and a layer of bitumen, the consumption of which, in this case, will not be more than 1.2 kg per 1 square meter;
• Holes. Prepare the surface thoroughly, remove both debris and a layer of old mastic. Very small holes can simply be filled with putty;
• The parapet may interfere with clearing the roof of debris, but getting it under the roofing carpet is unacceptable, as it will compromise the waterproofing and integrity of the base;
• Minor damage. This problem can be solved by applying a patch made from the same roofing material as the roofing, and treating the edges with mastic.

If it turns out that the amount of mastic is more than necessary, the excess is leveled using a spatula in accordance with the thickness of the roofing material.

To avoid peeling of the patches, the repaired roof area is fixed with bricks, boards or heavy objects to ensure complete adhesion and drying.

How to calculate roofing felt for a roof

The photo shows the process of covering a roof with roofing felt.

Quantity required material depends on the angle of the roof slope. So, if the angle is 45 degrees, you will need only 1 layer of roofing material, if from 20 to 40 degrees, then 2 layers will be required, and at an angle of 5-15 degrees, you will need to lay 4 layers of material.

To determine the amount of roofing felt, you need to know:

• Roof area;
• Amount of material per roll;
• Required number of layers of roofing felt.

It is worth noting that the average cost of material per 1 square meter with one layer of installation will be from 75 rubles. Two-layer installation can cost 130 rubles per square meter or more.

Roof waterproofing with roofing felt

Roof waterproofing using roofing felt is the most environmentally friendly option for its arrangement. This type of work is carried out in full compliance with all stages, which will prolong the operation of the roof:

• Preparation. Priming wood flooring, preparing roofing felt sheets. After the soil layer has completely dried, lay the roofing material;
• Warm up the bitumen (if necessary), apply a binder layer and lay sheets of roofing felt overlapping (10-20 cm);

If cold mastic is used at this stage, then there is no need to preheat it and, accordingly, the need for additional preparation disappears.

How much does it cost to cover a roof with roofing felt?

To roughly calculate the cost of work, you need to know the amount of material for installation.

• Do not forget that the minimum number of layers is two, which means the roof area must be multiplied by 2.
• Provide a supply of material in case of incorrect installation and the need for replacement.
• Buying mastic or ingredients for making your own. On average, about 2 liters of mastic are used per 1 square meter.

If it is necessary to cover a surface with an area of ​​13 square meters:

• 13x2=26 (since there will be 2 layers of roofing material);
• 250 rubles x 2 = 500 rubles (250 rubles costs on average 1 roll of roofing material 15 m long);
• A package of 20 liters of bitumen mastic costs approximately 450 rubles. If you round the value and take 30 liters, then 30x2=60.
• You will need 60 liters of mastic, which means 1350 rubles.

Approximate calculations showed that the approximate cost of the work (performed) will be 1850 rubles. These figures are very approximate, so calculations must be made based on accurately performed calculations.

Video

Laying roofing felt occurs in several stages, which are shown in the video below.

Covering the roof with roofing felt will not only protect your house, garage or any other structure from weather conditions, but will also guarantee savings in money and effort. Ruberoid is a universal remedy that is widely used by specialists. You can also cover the roof with roofing mastic.

Based on materials from the site: http://fineroofs.com

Home Construction How to cover a roof on a barn or shed with roofing felt

How to cover the roof of a barn or shed with roofing felt

On this page we will look at how to cover the roof of a barn or shed with an area of ​​3.5x3.5 m with roofing felt in one layer. Our roof is pitched.

Return to the beginning of the article— How to make a roof from rolled material: lathing, laying roofing felt

Necessary materials for making a roof with an area of ​​3.5 x 3.5 m

1. Ruberoid roofing - 20 m.
2. Nails tar paper round - 0.5-0.7 kg.
3. Construction nails with flat head - PZx80 GOST 4028-63 - 0.7 kg
4. Bars 3-50×50 GOST 2695-83 -9 m. They are cut diagonally, obtaining 18 m of triangular bars.

Rice. 2 Laying roofing felt over a sheathing made of edged boards and securing it with triangular bars

A— along the slope (with a roof slope of more than 15%); b— perpendicular to the slope (with a roof slope of less than 15%)

1 - rafters, 2 - round tar paper nail, 3 - roofing material, 4 - roofing felt cap,
5 - construction nail, 6 - triangular block

Rice. 3. Methods of securing roofing felt with triangular bars

V— methods of fastening on triangular bars; G- methods of fastening to the overhang

Roof structure on a barn or shed (Fig. 2)

1. Triangular bars nailed to the sheathing with construction nails. The bars are placed along the slope at a distance less than the width of the roofing material by about 100-200 mm (with a roof slope of more than 15%). Moreover, this distance also depends on the method of securing the edges of the panel to the block. Typically, the bars of each line are made composite, fastening them using the oblique lock method.

How to cover a roof with roofing felt?

2. Roll of roofing felt unfold partially or completely on a flat surface. Measure out 4 m. Place a board under the roofing material. Using a knife along a ruler made from the same block, cut off the required panel from the roll and carefully roll it up. Do the same with the second roll.

3. Ruberoid lifted onto the crate. When the roof slope is less than 15%, the panels are laid out from bottom to top with an overlap of 120-180 mm. When there is wind, the panels are nailed to the bars with tar paper nails. When the roof slope is more than 15%, the panels are rolled out from top to bottom, from the ridge between the bars. On a windy day, the panels are occasionally nailed to the bars with tar paper nails.

4. Cut strips roofing material 100 mm wide. They are laid on bars in two layers. These are the so-called caps, a kind of roof for the joints of panels laid along the slope.

For sheets of roofing felt, spread across the slope and bars, you can use single-layer caps. Soft, uncracked linoleum is also quite suitable for making caps.

And the panels themselves can be made from suitable used linoleum. This will be an almost eternal roof. Each side of the caps is secured with tar paper nails in a checkerboard pattern. The distance between nails is 30-40 mm.

Valentin Volkov

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Return to contents - Construction

We select high-quality roofing felt and prepare for its installation
Roof design features
Laying roofing felt in several layers
How to lay roofing felt on a concrete roof
We arrange a pitched roof
The use of roofing material for repair work- which side to lay

Ruberoid is considered one of the most popular rolled materials for organizing roofing having a significant service life. Roofing felt can be laid on a roof of any shape and type; it is even suitable for installation on top of old roofs. In this article we will talk about what kind of roofing material is placed on the roof, as well as how to do it correctly.

We select high-quality roofing felt and prepare for its installation

Roofing felt is made from roofing cardboard impregnated with petroleum bitumen with a low melting point. After this, it is covered on both sides with an even layer of refractory bitumen. As a protective layer, powder with talc, asbestos or other mineral materials is used. Even before laying roofing felt, you need to make sure that the material is of high quality.

To control quality, rolls must be rolled out and carefully inspected for the following defects:

• folds;
• influx;
• cracking;

There should be no light spots in the cut areas. If they are present, this indicates that the cardboard inside was not completely saturated with bitumen during the manufacture of the material. Insufficient impregnation of cardboard significantly worsens the quality and service life of the material.

A roof covered with such roofing material will not last very long.

According to the technology, before covering the roof with rolled bitumen material, it should be prepared for installation. To do this, at least a day before the start of roofing work, roll out the rolls and give them time to straighten out to get rid of waviness. This significantly simplifies the process of laying roofing felt on the roof and improves the resulting quality of the coating. If the weather is warm, you can roll out roofing material outside, but if it is cold or damp, then this should be done exclusively indoors.

Roof design features

In order for the roof to ultimately last as long as possible, the installation of roofing felt must be carried out on a roof with a correctly designed attic.

The attic must contain:

• proper ventilation;
• vapor barrier layer;
• drainage system manufactured in accordance with standards.

Improperly organized drainage from the roof can cause water stagnation during rainfall, as well as during the thaw period.

For greater reliability, roofing felt is laid in several layers, and the amount of material required will be determined by the structural features of the roof.

Roofing felt can be used to cover flat roofs, including those in use. In this case, the roofing carpet must be made of at least five layers of material. It is especially necessary to monitor those places where the roof comes into contact with structures, including pipes and walls. In such places it is necessary to lay additional layers of material, thereby increasing the strength of the coating.

Pitched roofs require a special approach. Before laying roofing felt on a roof with slopes, you must first check their angle of inclination, since the optimal thickness of the roofing covering will depend on this - as a rule, this is 2-5 layers. If the roof has a slope of 15 degrees, then at least three layers of roofing material will need to be laid. And if it exceeds 15 degrees, then at least two layers of roofing material will be required. Roofing felt is also used to protect the contact area of ​​roofing planes with complex shapes.

You can lay roofing felt using one of the following technologies:

• mechanical fastening;
• gluing to bitumen mastic.

Roofing felt must be laid on a properly prepared base.

Laying roofing felt in several layers

A lining type of roofing material with fine powder should be used as the lower layers of the coating. In this way, it is possible to achieve the tightest possible fit of the layers to each other, as well as increase the reliability of the roof and resistance to external factors.

When laying the outer layers, according to the technology, the material should overlap each other by approximately 8-10 cm. Most often, manufacturers make roofing material with a powder of large fractions, while leaving an unsprinkled strip on one side to allow faster laying of the material and ensuring reliable gluing of strips to each other.

To figure out which side to lay roofing felt on the roof, you need to know that if it has powder on one side, then it should always face up.

How to cover a garage roof with roofing felt

It doesn’t matter what type of roofing and how many layers will be used, only the last, top layer of roofing material should have a powder with large particles.

If it turns out that coarse-grained roofing material must be laid over the entire surface of the roof, then a thicker layer of adhesive composition should be applied to join the strips. To improve the quality of the roofing covering, it is advisable to carefully remove the powder at the joints without damaging the layer of bitumen on the roofing material.

How to lay roofing felt on a concrete roof

Before laying roofing felt, concrete base must be carefully prepared:

• you will need to get rid of garbage;
• the base must be leveled: all joints, potholes and cracks must be sealed;
• This is followed by a thorough wiretapping;
• at the last stage, a continuous layer of primer is applied based on bitumen (4 l), kerosene (6 l) and finely ground chalk (1.5 kg).

A primer is necessary to bind particles of dust and debris and give the base better adhesive properties.

The material is attached using the gluing method. The mastic is applied along the entire strip. Straighten the sheets of roofing material, starting from the center and ending with the edges, preventing air bubbles from forming. To get rid of the bubble that has arisen, it is pierced, after which this place is firmly pressed to the base.

Before laying the next sheet, you should definitely pause for 12 hours, during which the glue dries completely. After this, they get rid of possible flaws and move on to further installation.

To simplify the installation process, it is better to purchase material with one self-adhesive side. In this case, the answer to which side to put the roofing felt on the roof will, of course, be the side with the applied layer of glue. Before laying this type of material, which is carried out in the same way as conventional roofing felt, you need to get rid of the protective film on the self-adhesive side. Try not to hesitate when laying the material, otherwise the adhesive may simply dry out. After this, the glued web should be rolled with a roller.

We arrange a pitched roof

A pitched roof is characterized by the installation of continuous sheathing, which is necessary to give the surface of the structure evenness and rigidity. A correctly made sheathing will prevent the formation of uneven places on roofing material which often cause very rapid wear or damage from gusty winds.

To create the sheathing we will need:

• edged or unedged board;
• OSB or DSP board;
• plywood.

To give the roof slope a more reliable covering, there are three methods of laying it for the master to choose from:

• placing roofing felt sheets horizontally;
• along the slope line;
• composite method, when the next layer is laid at right angles to the previous one.

Any of these methods provides high-quality protection against water ingress.

On pitched roofs roofing felt is laid mechanically. In this case, it is advisable to fix the first layer with nails with large heads. The last outer layer is laid using wooden slats or a metal strip. It is better if the strip is made of aluminum, since it is not subject to oxidation.

The use of roofing felt during repair work - which side to lay

You can also lay roofing felt on the roof on top of old material if the roof is made of shingles or the same material. Initially, the old coating should be thoroughly cleaned, especially for the seams between the panels.

• thoroughly clean problem areas;
• remove all unnecessary torn fragments until only whole places remain;
• make cross-shaped cuts in the air and water bubbles;
• the cut areas need to be thoroughly treated with mastic;
• get rid of old fasteners, as they can damage the new roofing material;
• At the last stage, the old roof should be thoroughly dried.

So we figured out how to properly lay roofing felt on a wooden roof. In addition, it is worth noting that aluminum tape, as well as nails of a certain length, can be used as fasteners.

Roofing work is one of the most labor-intensive and responsible construction processes. The roof, as the final element of the building, takes the entire impact from a collision with natural elements. Therefore, beauty in this matter is, of course, important, but not paramount. Poor quality materials or work will soon make themselves felt, and alterations will again cost a pretty penny. Conclusion: you need to use proven material that will last for decades and is also easy to install. Ruberoid fits the description perfectly.

Advantages and disadvantages

Laying roofing felt on the roof can take place in two scenarios: as a full roof or as a lining under the main material - tiles, metal tiles or slate. Classic roofing felt is a flexible coating, which consists of sheets of construction cardboard, impregnated with bitumen of several compositions on all sides, and with a protective asbestos coating.

How to attach roofing felt to a wooden roof

Talc can be used instead of asbestos, but the quality suffers as a result.

The cardboard itself is a rather fragile material and is not moisture resistant, therefore, as soon as the protection is worn, the sheet loses its reliability and will have to be replaced. However, construction technologies do not stand still, and today there are more durable versions of this waterproofing material on sale. Instead of cardboard, they are based on polymers, fiberglass, fiberglass (euroruberoid) or other modern chemical compounds. The latest types of this rolled bitumen coating can be used as the main roof. And the classic is quite suitable as a waterproofing substrate.

The advantages of this material are obvious to roofers:

• Environmental friendliness. The chemical composition of all coating layers is considered conditionally safe. In fact, it is not harmful at all. If you don't set it on fire, it doesn't emit harmful substances neither into the atmosphere nor into home ownership.
• A light weight. Installation requires significantly less time and effort compared to other types of roofing.
• Practicality. Minimum service life is 5 years. It can last for decades - it all depends on the quality of the composition.

What will you need for work?

First of all, we buy the main material - roofing felt. The most popular are the products of the TechnoNIKOL company. What to look for when purchasing? It is always sold in rolled rolls. You need to carefully consider each roll you purchase.

First, look to see if the building covering is rolled up evenly - if there are any kinks. The kinks will be destroyed first. Secondly, the sheets should not be glued together: if you try to unstick them, the protective layer may be damaged. The area with the damaged layer will have to be cut off and discarded. Thirdly, you will find the characteristics of the material on the labeling of the construction product: study it for compliance with the technical specifications. You will see numbers indicating the density of the base. The denser the cardboard, the stronger the base and the more expensive the purchase. In any case, when calculating the amount of material required, take into account the fact that you will lay the sheets in several layers. The thickness of the coating depends on the angle of the roof slope. The stronger the slope, the less material is required. Multi-layering will provide more long term coverage services.

Check to see if the building covering is rolled up evenly to see if there are any kinks. Multi-layering will ensure a longer service life of the coating.

Multilayer technology for laying roofing felt will require the use of some related materials:

1. Thin roofing felt with fine crumbs as a cushioning first layer. It will complement the main roofing sheet.
2. Primer. We prepare the side of the coating for sizing.
3. Mastic. Used as an adhesive material.
4. Gas-burner with propane flame. Useful for pre-drying the material.
5. Mount. A multifunctional tool, including helping to unwind rolls of roofing.
6. Broom. Will remove the trash.
7. Putty knife. Removes scar from overlaps.
8. Knife, axe, wrench.

We do it ourselves. Instructions in three steps

The side of the roofing sheet that will be adjacent to the roof must be carefully treated to remove debris. We will lay it with an overlap of about 10 cm. Many manufacturers leave a “bare” area around the edges - without asbestos coating. This ensures better bonding of layers in overlapping areas. If your rolls do not have this, you will have to remove the asbestos manually. Caution: do not damage the bitumen! Finally, let's look at what it looks like to lay roofing felt on mastic.

• Step 1. A thin canvas with fine asbestos chips will be the base. It will provide the greatest seal to the roof. We unwind the roll and apply mastic to half of the canvas along the entire length. Press it onto the roof surface and smooth it from the center to the edge. Most often, the material is attached along the roof slope.
• Step 2. In the same way, smear the surface on the other side of the roll, press and smooth the surface. Please pay special attention: the material may bubble and swell. To avoid this, make small punctures along the surface - then air will not be able to collect between the layers. In this way we glue all the sheets of the primary fabric onto the mastic. We use a spatula along the folded edge of the overlap.
• Step 3. Next we will build up the layers with a denser roofing covering.

  This procedure is no different from the previous one. But before applying each layer you will have to wait about 12 hours. Some types of mastic require heating up to 200 degrees. This is where a gas burner can come in handy.

Some features in some cases

Let's look at the features of installing roll bitumen coating when various types roofing works.

Laying roofing felt on a wooden roof.

Today, roofing felt is available for sale with an adhesive base already applied to the fastening side. The coating has a protective film. Installation becomes similar to an activity from childhood that everyone knows how to do - gluing stickers. Particular attention must be paid to smoothing the material. You can use a pipe for these purposes. This method is suitable for wooden roof. There is another one: hot fixing the coating using a gas torch. This option is suitable for euroroofing felt. It is also recommended to make the flooring from chipboard and only apply layers of cardboard on it. bitumen roofing.

Laying roofing felt on a flat roof.

A distinctive feature of a flat roof is difficult drainage. Moisture may accumulate on the surface. In such conditions, an increased load is placed on the waterproofing layer. The problem can be solved very simply: by laying the roofing covering in several layers. Experts recommend at least five. The same advice applies to roofs with low pitches.

Laying roofing felt on the garage roof.

Using a chisel, first remove the old roofing layer. Thoroughly clean the surface of debris. If there are holes in the roof, seal them. polyurethane foam. When chipped on the concrete slab You will have to add cement to problem areas. We also secure the coating with mastic. It is better to use 2 layers: the first layer is a thin roofing material backing, the second is dense with large asbestos chips.

Laying euroroofing felt on old roofing felt.

Professionals advise removing the old coating. The fact is that when installing a new roof, the surface must be perfectly flat. And over the years, roofing material can go in waves. If this does not happen in your case, then you can try to ignore this advice. In this case, use polyurethane foam to eliminate all problem areas of the roof. Then thoroughly clean it of debris: you can even rinse it - just let it dry later. After this, attach the new rolls to the old ones, as described in the general instructions. In this case, it would be correct to provide additional fixation with nails on the roof.

As you can see, roofing work with roofing felt does not require deep knowledge. You can easily do it yourself without hiring specially trained people.

The main element of any house is the roof. It has several main functions:

• protecting your home from precipitation;
• aesthetics of the building;
• addition to the overall design of the structure.

Issues related to roof construction must be approached carefully and responsibly. To properly lay roofing felt on the roof, it is important to study its characteristics, as well as find out the technological features of this process.

Material advantages

Ruberoid is ideal for creating soft roof. With its help, you can protect walls from precipitation in a short period of time. The average service life of such coating is 30-40 years. In the modern construction market there are several varieties of roofing felt, differing in operational and technical characteristics.

Varieties

1. Insulating traditional material. It is a cardboard that is treated with a high-quality bitumen coating on both sides.
   • Minuses:
     1. This material does not require any additives, so its strength is low.
     2. roofing material is unstable to mechanical deformation.
2. Euroroofing material. This material has replaced traditional roofing felt and is in demand in modern construction.
   • It has distinctive specifications from traditional material:
     1. strength;
     2. flexibility;
     3. long service life;
     4. resistance to temperature changes and humidity.
   • The upper part of this material is covered with a special coating (basalt or granite), the bottom layer has a thin anti-adhesive film. When laying this material, the film acts as a temperature regulator.
3. Self-adhesive roofing felt is a new type of roofing covering. Its adhesive ability increases with increasing solar heat; it can be laid on a surface in a short time, saving material resources.

Algorithm for laying material on the roof

Even beginners can cover a roof with roofing felt with their own hands; you just need to strictly follow the instructions.

1. At the first stage, preparatory work. Construction debris, dust, and dirt are removed from the surface on which the roofing material will be laid. If there are sharp changes, the surface is leveled using a screed with a thickness of up to 1 cm (work is performed using a hydro or laser level). Lay the roofing material on a dry surface.
2. Next, mastic is applied to the roof. The operation is carried out using a roller or brush, depending on the volume of the roof.

   Advice! There is no need to rush to lay the roofing material; first the mastic must “grab” the surface. Manufacturers indicate the “setting” time on product packaging; it varies depending on air humidity and room temperature.

3. Before spreading the roofing material, unroll it for a day. If there is no free space for this, we rewind the roll completely.
4. After the mastic has completely dried, they proceed to the procedure for laying roofing felt. To obtain a durable coating, it is advisable to use two layers of roofing felt. First, take a coating without crumbs for the primary layer; for the second layer you will need material with stone chips.
5. Work begins from the bottom, overlapping the top sheets with the bottom sheets. This method will protect the seams from water ingress.
6. The final stage of installation is gluing the roofing material to the roof surface. Using a gas burner, heat up the roofing material with mastic. The heated area is attached to the mastic and rolled with a roller. If there are dents on the surface, the roller will not be able to roll the surface perfectly; the roofing covering will be damaged after a short period of time.
7. If there is a chimney, shafts, or pipes on the roof, you need to cut the roofing material around them so that the pieces overlap.

Attention ! Sheets of material must be firmly glued to the edge of the roof, otherwise they will be torn off by the wind. The sheets can be secured with wooden or metal slats.

Covering your garage roof yourself

Many vehicle owners are thinking about how to put roofing felt on the roof of the garage.

The choice of this material is easily explained by its distinctive characteristics:

• strength and reliability;
• excellent waterproofing characteristics;
• reasonable cost;
• easy DIY installation.

In order to properly cover the roof with roofing felt, you need to stock up on materials and tools:

• rolls of lining roofing material;
• rolls of material with coarse powder;
• slate nails;
• polyurethane foam;
• with an axe;
• chisel;
• with a knife;
• bitumen;
• roofing mastic.​

Algorithm of actions

1. First you need to remove the old covering from the garage roof. You cannot lay new roofing felt on top of the old one; such a coating will not last long. It is advisable to completely remove the old coating using a sharpened ax. “Problem” areas are removed with a chisel or chisel.
2. If the old coating is smooth, then you can change the coating only in certain areas. The roofing material is heated with a gas burner until softened, then the material is pressed onto the area to be repaired.
3. Cracks larger than 0.5 cm are removed with polyurethane foam. After it hardens, all excess foam is removed and the gap is treated cement mortar. Small gaps are eliminated with special roofing mastic.
4. Before we begin laying roofing felt on a wooden roof, we sweep away dirt, dust, and debris from it. We pre-dry the wet roof. Filling is performed in one of three ways:
   • in one layer;
   • two layers;
   • in three layers.
5. Sheets of material are nailed to the roof with slate nails, and bulges and folds are removed. If the technology is fully followed, the new roofing felt coating will serve its owner for at least 15 years.

How to attach roofing felt

Before starting installation, check the quality of the material. The presence of light spots on the cut indicates uneven impregnation of the base with bitumen. Similar material cannot be used for roof repairs. Roofing felt roofing is suitable for gable roofs having an inclination angle of no more than 30 degrees. When the slope is less than 15 degrees, three layers of material are laid. Steeper roofing systems are covered with two layers of roofing material.

What materials and tools will be needed to carry out the work?

Fastening the material to the roof is allowed in several different ways:

Gluing with special mastic. Cold bitumen mastic is used to obtain a monolithic coating. The mastic is applied to the surface with a brush or roller. The double-sided roofing felt is fastened using cold mastic. To prepare 10 kg of material you will need:

• 3 kg of heated bitumen;
• 7 kg of organic solvent (gasoline, diesel fuel).

The mass is thoroughly mixed. The resulting homogeneous mixture is cooled.

In addition to mastic, special bitumen glue is used. Using mastic and bitumen glue, the sheets are attached to each other, as well as to the roof.

To fasten the material with mastic, you need the following tools and materials:

• brush or roller;
• bitumen glue or mastic;
• manual roller;
• roofing tape (sealing chimneys, ventilation systems);
• blowtorch.

Fastening with nails. There is an option for mechanical laying of the coating using wooden slats and nails. It is used in cases where the material is applied to a wooden sheathing (the roof has an inclination angle of more than 15 degrees). It will be safer to nail pieces of material than to glue them. The first layer is laid out over the entire surface, and the second sheet is placed on top with a reserve. Then the slats are nailed with thick nails. After this, lay the third layer, placing the edges on wooden slats. The material is fixed to the beams with construction nails. All seams that are located above these slats are completely covered with roofing felt, then fixed with nails.

For mechanical laying of roofing felt, the following materials and tools will be required:

• nails;
• hammer;
• plastic buttons;
• slats.

Fastening the material using a gas torch.

• The bottom layer is heated with a gas burner and glued to the roof surface. To prevent condensation, treat the surface with a hand roller.
• This method is suitable for smooth roofs. You need to cut the rolled material with a utility knife into pieces of the required length.

  Advice! To simplify the actions, the roofing material is pre-moistened with warm water.

• The sheets are placed on the roof surface, heated with a burner, and pressed tightly.

Wood roof covering technology

The algorithm of actions for covering a wooden roof is as follows:

1. When creating a simple roof, the material is spread over the surface of a wooden sheathing. This sheathing should be smooth and rigid.
2. The slopes of the covering are secured with tar paper nails.

   Advice ! To add additional strength, you can use metal tape.

3. Professionals advise laying roofing felt on a double wooden base. The first flooring of 25 mm boards is laid along the rafters, the gap between them is 4-5 cm. Next, boards 12-15 mm thick are laid, and covering material is laid on them.​​

​Bitumen mastic is used for work. The algorithm of actions is as follows:

• cleaning up debris;
• leveling the surface, eliminating cracks, smoothing out irregularities;
• drying;
• applying a primer;
• unfolding roofing felt;
• roller rolling.

Installing inexpensive roofing felt on the roof of a technical building, country house, gazebo or garage is a reasonable decision. Time-tested material will be cheap, and with good construction skills you can arrange the surface yourself. Soft rolled roofing felt is easy to use; it can be used on old roofs, when it is impossible to install another type of material without major roof repairs. The coating is also performed as a temporary solution for country houses followed by the formation of a finishing decorative layer, leaving the bitumen coating as insulation. The flexibility of the fabric allows you to hermetically cover roofs of complex shapes with a minimum amount of waste.

Two in one: waterproofing material, which simultaneously acts as a finishing layer

Ruberoid: a universal and cheap roofing material

The versatility of bitumen sheets lies in the variety of types. One product is used at all stages of roofing installation. To create the basis of a durable multi-layer waterproofing surface, lining material is installed without decorative coating.

Rolled roofing felt as a waterproofing layer

Decorative roofing felt for roofing is produced in dozens of shades and many textures, reminiscent of marble chips, natural stone. Manufacturers offer Additional materials for cladding ridges, joints and roof edges in one color scheme with basic material.

The entire roofing surface is in one shade

What is roofing felt: fabric structure and markings

Ruberoid is a multilayer material that consists of a base and a double-sided impregnating layer of bitumen composition. The surface layer is a dusting (sprinkling) of mineral substances.

Standard material structure in cross section

The base is thick cardboard, in improved new types of material it is fiberglass or a combination of it with polyester. The quality of the base determines the strength and elasticity of the canvas. A special refractory bitumen composition is fused onto the base. The top coating is made from crumbs of different fractions - from dust-like spraying to coarse-grained particles.

The material is produced in rolls. Standard width – from 750 mm to 1050 mm. Each roll is marked with a standardized code, which indicates the characteristics, material of manufacture and purpose of the canvas. The marking consists of letters and a numerical value, for example RKP 300.

Table 1. Marking of standard roofing material for roofing on a cardboard base

Table 2. Marking of euroroofing felt

Types of material: application and durability

Based on the markings on the rolls, select suitable material for each layer is easy. Advice from professionals will be useful to those who are looking for an inexpensive way to cover their roof. garden gazebo or at home:

• For single-pitch, flat roofs with strong, stable reinforced concrete or wooden base It is advisable to use standard roofing felt with cardboard at the base.
• The lower layers are less susceptible to the influence of atmospheric factors - just buy cheap material without decorative sprinkles.
• For gables, hipped roofs It makes sense to use 2 types of fabric: inexpensive lining and durable elastic material with a decorative mineral layer.
• It is easier to cover surfaces with a large angle of inclination with roofing felt with a self-adhesive impregnation at the bottom.

The durability of roofing felt laid on the roof depends on the quality of the material, compliance with installation and maintenance technology. Inexpensive cardboard-based material should retain its properties for at least 5 - 10 years. High-quality roofing felt can last up to 30 years.

Material for pitched roof

Advantages and disadvantages of using bitumen coating

Ruberoid is a durable material with many advantages:

• Light weight ensures ease of installation and low load on the rafter system.
• The flexibility of the blade allows you to work with the material on uneven, complex structures.
• Availability. Ruberoid for roofing is several times cheaper than other coatings.
• The convenient roll form saves installation time: laying one layer takes several hours.

The disadvantages of the material are due to its structure. Due to the softness of the base, the canvas can only be laid on a hard surface - slabs or boards. Bitumen sheets are not characterized by good sound-absorbing properties. Fumes when heated are hazardous to health. The low melting point of impregnating compositions of inexpensive roofing felt is the reason for the increased flammability. In new types of material, this drawback is eliminated; the canvas can withstand heating up to 100 ° C, and does not crack due to temperature changes in winter.

Set of tools for work

Do-it-yourself roofing with roofing felt in 24 hours

You can cover the roof of a house or gazebo with roofing felt with your own hands, provided that there are at least two pairs of workers. It is difficult to lift, roll out and smooth voluminous fabrics alone. Tools you will need:

• Tape measure, level, synthetic brush, roller.
• Spatulas, scrapers for cleaning and leveling the surface.
• Chipboard sheets, plywood, rough board - if it is necessary to arrange a continuous sheathing.
• Gas-burner.
• Carpenter's knife for cutting sheets.
• Primer – bitumen mastic, ready-made or independently prepared for surface treatment.
• Metal and wooden strips for fastening canvases.
• A rag for smoothing on an inclined surface, a roller to press and level the sheet on a flat roof.

Calculation of the amount of material: how to save

How to cover a roof with roofing felt so that it remains airtight for 10 - 20 years? The answer is simple - pay close attention to the purchase of material. A canvas with a low base density can only be used for the first layers. It’s better to save on topping – you can lay inexpensive sheets without decorative crumbs to the top layer. Particular attention should be paid to the upper layers, where the material is more susceptible to physical wear and tear, temperature changes and must withstand significant loads in the form of snow in winter and high temperature in summer.

Important! Pay attention to the storage of rolls in the warehouse - they must be in a vertical position. Horizontal storage is fraught with sticking and damage to the material inside the roll. Not allowed: uneven edges, tears and damage. The cross section should be of a uniform dark color, without unimpregnated light spots within the structure.

Convenient: a roll with decorative topping and a marked edge for laying under the next sheet

Calculating the exact number of rolls is easy. It is necessary to calculate the total surface area covered. Then find out the number of square meters of canvas in a roll (the footage of rolls from different manufacturers may differ). Add to the total amount the area of ​​overlapping edges between the sheets: multiply the length of the surface by 8 - 10 cm and by the number of horizontal stripes of each slope.

The number of layers depends on the angle of inclination of the roof slope. A maximum coating of 5 layers is carried out on flat roofs with an angle of up to 5°. Gentle slopes require laying 3–4 layers, and slopes with an angle of 45° require 2 layers.

Lumps and irregularities are the cause of fabric breakthrough and loss of tightness

Requirements for the roof surface

Before you start covering with roofing felt old roof, you will have to clean and carefully level the surface. The damaged coating must be removed. The slope area must be level.

You cannot lay a flexible sheet on a standard sheathing of planks - the surface must be strengthened. Rough boards fixed end-to-end, sheets of plywood or chipboard are suitable as support. On a strong, rigid base, bitumen roofing sheets will not break under the weight of snow.

Reinforced concrete floors and slopes pitched roofs It is enough to carefully inspect and clean from debris and deposits.

Bitumen primer, ready to use

The process of laying roofing felt step by step

Installation of the roof covering should be carried out in dry, windless weather. The base must be completely dry. Air temperature – from 10 o. A layer of primer is first applied to a clean surface. Previously, craftsmen used homemade hot melting mastic. Now you can buy ready-made impregnation compositions - this will save time.

Apply mastic with a roller or flexible spatula. To speed up and facilitate the process, just lengthen the handle.

Leveling the primer layer with a spatula

Roll out a roll onto the mastic, leveling the canvas. You need to make sure that folds and creases do not form. If the covering is installed on a flat roof, it is allowed to lay several rows at the same time.

Laying fabric on a flat roof

If you use euroroofing felt, then there is no need to apply mastic under the coating. The underside of the sheet is covered with a polymer film. Using a burner flame, the film and the bottom layer are melted, which is glued to the base.

Roll out the roll with a long hook

The next sheet is laid overlapping the previous one by a few centimeters. The sheets are leveled in the direction from the center, squeezing out air bubbles and pressing the sheet over the entire surface. A roller is used on flat roofs.

The next layer can be laid only after the first has dried. Classic scheme installation - horizontal installation. Surfaces with a slope begin to be covered from below, moving towards the ridge. If several layers are performed, then the direction of the stripes is alternated in each layer: horizontal - vertical - horizontal.

Roller for leveling and gluing roofing felt

Sealing seams and finishing edges

The lower edge of the canvas must be bent over the edge of the roof and firmly fixed. Wooden planks and metal slats are used. The pressure strip is attached to the base with nails, screws, and dowels. The side edges are attached to the protrusion of the outer rail in a similar way.

The seams between the sheets must be sealed. To do this, they are coated with several layers of bitumen mastic. After completing the installation of the next layer, it is necessary to check the fit and degree of pressing of the seam to the base.

Correctly processed seams

The roof ridge must be seamless along the upper edge and airtight. Use any types of ready-made and homemade designs. You can select strips of the required width from leftovers and use bitumen shingles or finished painted metal skates.

Maintenance and current repairs: features of coating operation

It is possible to take into account all the subtleties of using the material and figure out how to cover the roof. But if you don’t have experience working at heights or with flammable materials, then it’s better to entrust roofing work to specialists. It is more advisable to save on roof maintenance and preventive inspection. It is enough to check the condition of the sheets, the tightness of joints and seams annually - after completion winter period. All detected cracks, cracks, and loose areas can be easily repaired using ready-made bitumen mastic.

Video: roofing felt roof repair

When roofing outbuildings and garages, an inexpensive but very popular material, roofing felt, is often used as a roofing covering. Most often it is used to cover roofs with a small angle of inclination, that is, where other types of coating cannot provide good waterproofing. A roof made of roofing felt with your own hands is quite doable, you just need to understand the installation technology and the characteristics of the materials.

Covering a roof with roofing felt always has several layers, with the lower layers made of lining roofing felt, which does not have a protective layer, and the last top layer is made of roofing felt with sprinkling. The roofing felt coating has different fraction sizes; the resistance of the roofing felt to damage depends on the size of the particles.

Brands of roofing felt: how to understand them?

First of all, you need to understand what this material is. Traditional roofing material, known to us for a long time, is a rolled material made of thick cardboard, impregnated with bitumen, with a denser top layer, smooth or with a coating. More modern modifications of roofing felt can be made on the basis of fiberglass, which provides additional strength and waterproofness of the material. The so-called euroroofing material also has a floating polymer layer, which, when heated, forms a viscous surface that ensures the roofing material adheres to the base. Euroroofing felt does not require the application of mastic between layers.

Traditional roofing felt has alphanumeric markings indicating its purpose and technical characteristics. For each coating layer, it is necessary to select the appropriate roofing material.

The first letter in the marking is always “P”, it means the type of material - roofing felt. The second can be “K” - roofing, or “P” - lining. The third letter in the marking indicates the type of top layer: “K” or “M” - coarse or fine-grained, “Ch” - scaly, “P” - dusty. It may also be marked “E” - elastic. The numbers in the marking indicate the density of the cardboard in grams per square meter. For the lower layers of the roof, choose RPP or RPE roofing material, for the top layer - RKK, RKM, RKCh, RKP. The deposited roofing material is marked RM and RK, respectively.

Determining the number of layers and calculating the material

The number of layers of roofing felt to create a reliable coating depends on the slope of the roof and possible snow load, as well as on the reliability of the roof itself and its ability to withstand the weight of roofing felt and bitumen. The lower the roof slope, the more layers of roofing material are required to create a sealed waterproof coating.

Flat roofs with a slope angle of up to 2-3 degrees usually require laying at least four layers of roofing material: three layers of RPP-350 grade, the fourth - RKM-350 grade. If the roof is used for the movement of people, there should be four underlying layers - such a roof can withstand both the weight of a person and any snow load.

Roofs with a slope angle of 3 to 6 degrees are usually covered with three layers of roofing felt - two underlying and one roofing. If the roof slope is from 6 to 15 degrees, two layers of roofing material are sufficient. On roofs with a slope of more than 15 degrees, roofing material is rarely used, usually as a waterproofing layer under other types of coating: corrugated sheeting, ondulin or slate.

When calculating the material, it is necessary to take into account not only the number of layers, but also the mandatory overlap of 10 cm for each strip, as well as a margin of 20 cm for the length of the strips at the ridge and at the roof slope. The resulting amount of material is rounded up to the area of ​​the roll.

Mastics for gluing roofing felt

To ensure a tight fit of the roofing felt to the roof, it is glued to bitumen mastic. The exception is built-up roofing felt, which already has an adhesive layer. Bitumen mastic can be either cold, ready-made, or hot, which must be preheated at a temperature of 150-200 degrees.

Solvent-based cold mastic is usually sold in cans; stir it thoroughly before use. Cold mastic is much easier to use, but it takes longer to dry, and it does not provide sufficient coating strength. Therefore, when covering a roof with roofing felt, hot mastic is often used.

Preparing hot mastic takes some time. Bitumen is sold in lumps in solid form, and it must be heated to a viscous state, after which reinforcing filler is added to it. Heat the bitumen in a boiler, bucket, barrel or any other container using a blowtorch or open fire until foam and rare bubbles form. The foam is removed, and filler is added to the bitumen in an amount of 20% of the volume. The filler can be sawdust, peat, sand, fiberglass. The mastic is thoroughly mixed and applied hot to the roof surface.

Roofing felt laying technology

Technology for laying built-up roofing felt

Properly laid roofing felt has a warranty period of 5 years, but good care and timely cleaning of the roof from snow and debris, repair of damaged areas, such a roof can last more than 25 years. A roof made of roofing felt made by yourself will help to significantly save money on the construction of a garage and other buildings.