Typical heating wiring diagrams in a private house: a complete classification of device options. What is the ideal option? Types of heating systems, their advantages Description of the heating system of a private house

A fireplace or stove can handle heating a small country house, but for a cottage such a solution is unacceptable. It's nice to spend an evening by the fireplace, but lighting wood in all rooms every day is tiring and irrational. The power source for the heating system in a private home should be the most affordable type of fuel, especially if you are planning to do it yourself:

• Electricity.
• Coal.
• Briquettes of peat and shavings.
• Firewood.
• Liquid fuel (diesel fuel, fuel oil, diesel fuel).

Water heating

This is the most common system in which water or other non-freezing liquid circulates through pipes. The type of boiler depends on what fuel you have. The system consists of a boiler and a closed loop of pipes connected to the premises. Heating of the rooms is provided by radiators, the cooled water flows back into the boiler.

pros

• Coolant availability.
• Constant volume of water in the system.
• Easy to install.
• Uniform heating of all rooms along the circuit.

Minuses

• Caring for radiators, the heat transfer of which decreases when dirty.
• Slow heating of rooms.
• Possibility of pipe leakage due to corrosion.
• Requirements for the purity of water in the system.
• The system must constantly work in cold weather, otherwise the water may freeze and the pipes will burst.

Scheme

The do-it-yourself water heating scheme for a private house looks like this:

Water heating with a gas boiler is a proven traditional system. Most private houses are heated in this way. For a house in which you live permanently, this system is suitable, but for heating a summer house it is too expensive.

Air heating

The house is heated with hot air, which can be heated by steam, hot water, heat from combustion of fuel, or electricity. In the system, warm air from the air heater enters the premises through an air duct.

Heaters for air heating are presented on the Russian market:

• Fan coil units operating using hot water. Almost all of the presented installations of American, European or Asian production are intended for office buildings, although you can also find units for private homes.
• Gas air heaters.
• Heaters running on diesel or solid fuel.
• Airhandler electric heaters are installed in air conditioners with a fan. Typically electric heaters work with a heat pump.

pros

• Problems with the coolant are excluded, that is, the system cannot leak or freeze.
• Possible associated humidification of indoor air.
• Air conditioning and ventilation in the house.
• The efficiency reaches 90%.
• Rapid heating of the air.

Minuses

• High price.
• A fairly large area is required to install the generator.
• Relatively low heat transfer.

Private houses are heated with air only in 30% of cases, which is mainly explained by the high cost of installation and maintenance. For a country house, do-it-yourself air heating can be very convenient, provided there is an uninterrupted power supply.

Induction system

Modern and economical equipment operating on the principle of electromagnetic induction. When an electric current passes, a coil of wire forms a strong electromagnetic field and heats the ferromagnet. In the case of a heater, the coil is wound on a pipe made of a special material with a steel core. The device is connected to a system filled with coolant (water, oil, ethylene glycol), which rises when heated and starts the circuit.

In industry, steel has been melted using this method for two hundred years, that is, the principle has been known for a long time and the technology cannot be called new.

pros

• Durability. The warranty on induction heaters is 10 years or more. The absence of moving elements in the system eliminates mechanical wear.
• Scale does not form in the heating system of a private house, so an induction boiler is equally effective in the first and tenth year of operation.
• Completely silent operation. There are no pumps in the system, so the electric boiler does not make noise.
• To install an induction heater, no additional space is required, and installation can be done with your own hands.
• Rapid heating of the coolant due to the lack of insulation - the rod heats the coolant.

Minuses

• High price. Factory models are made using modern materials, and this explains the high cost. You can build an induction boiler yourself, but in terms of efficiency it will be inferior to factory samples.
• A boiler with a power of over 7 kW requires an electrical network of 380 V.
• If the water supply to the system stops, the equipment will overheat and fail. To avoid breakdowns, the system must be equipped with a pressure sensor and an automatic device shutdown.

Geothermal system

A non-standard approach to solving the problem of heating a country house. New technologies make it possible to use the energy potential of the earth by installing a geothermal heating system at home with your own hands. Up to 98 percent of solar energy is accumulated in the ground; heat is retained deep in the ground even in winter.

Special equipment helps deliver energy to homes for heating.

Geothermal heating in a simplified diagram looks like a heat pump and heat exchanger operating on the principle of an air conditioner. The heat pump is included in the internal and external circuits. Internal - heating system from ordinary pipes and radiators in the house. The external circuit (heat exchanger) is located underground. Coolants - water or liquid with antifreeze. The pump can operate in heater or air conditioner mode.

pros

• A geothermal heater can be installed in any location.
• The system does not pose a danger to humans and the environment
• You can receive an unlimited amount of heat.
• Minimum operating costs.
• You get geothermal heat for free, but you will have to pay for the operation of a pump running from the electrical network - a kilowatt of electricity provides 3-5 kW of heat.

Minuses

• High price of equipment and installation. The heating system will pay for itself in 7-8 years.
• Constructing a geothermal installation on your own is problematic, since the structure is located at a depth of about 100 meters and requires special equipment.
• Horizontal structures lie below the soil freezing level, but the collector occupies large areas. For example, to heat a house of 200 square meters. m. requires the use of heat from 500 sq. m of soil, not shaded by trees and other buildings.

An innovative technology that is becoming more and more popular in the world every day. If you are interested in this heating system, take the choice of equipment seriously, calculate the area, power, and find a suitable place for installation. A solar heating system will last more than 25 years, and with constant use will pay for itself in three years.

Solar panels in a country house are used to generate electricity. This type of heating is optimally used for electric heaters and heated floors.

pros

• No fuel costs.
• Environmental Safety.
• Easy to use and the ability to install solar heating for a private home with your own hands.
• Photocells and equipment are becoming affordable.

Minuses

• On cloudy days, little energy is produced.
• Expensive equipment and installation.
• The need for complex calculations and correct installation of elements.
• A number of installation conditions: roof at an angle of 30 degrees, absence of trees and buildings shading the roof, favorable climate.

Steam heating

The old heating method has not lost its relevance against the backdrop of innovative systems. The coolant is steam, installation of the heating system is simple. The source is a steam boiler from which heat enters the pipes and radiators of the reduction-cooling equipment or steam turbine. Cooling, the steam turns into condensate and returns back.

Theoretically, you can build steam heating with your own hands, but boilers are not installed in private homes. The boiler is very large, the steam temperature exceeds 100°C, operation requires a professional approach. Traditionally, enterprises that use steam in their production process are heated this way, and its excess is used for heating.

Reliability of operation and temperature significantly depend on the quality of the boiler in this system, so it should be selected taking into account the area and structural features. Steam boilers operate on various fuels: liquid, solid, combined, natural gas.

pros

• Relative cheapness of the boiler.
• Fast heating of the room.
• Preservation of heat in the system.

Minuses

• Cumbersomeness and danger of steam boilers if used incorrectly.
• Heating heating devices to high temperatures.
• Inability to smoothly regulate room temperature.
• Filling the system with steam is accompanied by noise.
• Complex installation of the system.

Electric heating

A well-known heating system using electrical appliances in which heat is generated by a current passing through a conductor. Often the electrical system is used as an auxiliary system, but in the absence of gas in the house it can also be the main one.

pros

• Ecological cleanliness.
• Easy installation.
• Heating appliances can be freely rearranged into any room with electrical wiring.

Minuses

• The need to pay for consumed electricity, the consumption of which will be large.
• When the power supply is turned off, the heating system does not work.
• When electrical appliances operate, oxygen is burned, so rooms need to be ventilated as often as possible.

In dachas and small houses, electric heating is often used, but heating a large house will require a lot of electricity. If you decide to choose this particular system as it is the simplest and does not require special knowledge for self-installation, take care of high-quality thermal insulation of the house.

Heating system "Leningradka"

This heating system is very popular due to its relatively simple installation, not too high price and the ability to regulate the air temperature in each individual room.

Single-pipe circuit with sequential installation of radiators on the circuit. Pipe routing can be horizontal or vertical. From the boiler, the coolant enters the network and returns to the heating boiler. You can install as many radiators in your house as needed to heat a particular room.

To optimize the operation of the system, it is advisable to equip the Leningradka with control and shut-off devices, as well as a circulation pump.

pros

• The ability to set the desired temperature in each room without completely disconnecting from the heating system.
• If there is a need to repair one heating device, you can turn it off, while the rest of the system continues to operate.
• Radiators heat up quickly and evenly.
• Small diameter pipes are used for installation, which saves money.

Minuses

• Installing a pump ensures the full functioning of the system, but requires financial expenses, incl. to pay for electricity.
• When there is a power outage, the system does not work because the pump stops.

Scheme

The Leningradka scheme for heating a private house with your own hands looks like this:

Instead of a conclusion

The main criteria for choosing a heating system for a private home: availability of energy and the ability to operate autonomously, for example, during a power outage. Installing and starting a heating system is a complex and responsible task, so if you are full of enthusiasm, but do not have sufficient knowledge, it is better to entrust the task to the specialists.

Under no circumstances try to act on a whim or by eye, as inaccuracies will, at best, lead to ineffectiveness of the system, and at worst, to an accident with unpredictable consequences.

Autonomous heating systems in private houses perform one of the main functions in their arrangement. Not only the comfort of living depends on the correct distribution of heat in the premises. Heating also carries a structural load: it prevents the occurrence and spread of dampness, mildew and mold. With the constant rise in prices and expensive connection costs, the question of which heating is better in a private home is becoming increasingly relevant.

Autonomous heating has a number of advantages, but you still need to choose the right system Source 999.md

Heating systems: their selection and requirements applied to them

Today, various heating system design diagrams and equipment models for them are presented. There is no ideal option when choosing them. But there are basic rules that need to be followed - to achieve proper regulation, distribution and transfer of heat throughout all rooms of the building.

Video description

In our video we’ll talk about heating in a private country house. Our guest is the author and presenter of the Teplo-Voda channel Vladimir Sukhorukov:

Main criteria when choosing heating systems:

Minimum expenses with high heat transfer. Providing housing with the required amount of heat and low installation, operation and maintenance costs.

Maximum automation. To ensure safety, heating systems must be operated with the least possible human intervention in their operation.

High wear resistance of all elements. The necessary equipment must be selected taking into account its operational reliability.

In some cases, you can use the formula: “the simpler, the more reliable” Source promogaz.ru

Types of autonomous heating systems

All heating systems without exception are classified according to the type of fuel needed for their operation. If you need to constantly save on system energy consumption, and it is possible to use several types of fuel for heating, then the best solution would be to purchase combined equipment. These models have all the advantages of standard types of heating boilers and can operate on several types of fuel. For the purpose of familiarization, different types of installation are presented so that the developer can choose for himself which heating is best for a private home.

The boiler for the heating system can operate from any type of fuel Source nehomesdeaf.org

Water heating

One of the most recognized devices for individual heating systems in your home. The coolant here is a closed circuit pipeline with wiring, with water heated from the boiler circulating through it. Heating is installed in several ways: single or two-pipe, with batteries (cast iron, steel, bimetallic) or convector-type radiators. The heating boiler model is set taking into account the type of fuel.

Schemes of an autonomous water heating system

There are several options for installing such systems. When designing a private house, you need to carefully consider their choice.

For the purpose of familiarization, different types of installation are presented so that the developer can choose for himself which heating is best for a private home.

Wiring with separation according to the type of circulation system

assembly with natural circulation due to pressure difference;

installation with forced type of circulation.

At the location where the supply line is laid

installation with top wiring;

installation with bottom wiring.

It makes sense to consider such schemes only when building a two or three-story house Source pinterest.com

By number of risers

single-pipe installation diagram;

two-pipe scheme.

By location of risers

vertical connection diagram;

horizontal connection diagram.

According to the highway laying diagram

decoupling diagram with incidental highways;

decoupling diagram with dead-end highways.

A dead-end circuit is used with a small number of radiators Source dvamolotka.ru

Heating scheme "Leningradka"

The Leningradka scheme simplifies the process of adjusting the temperature for each individual room in the house.

pros:

constant volume liquids in coolants;

saving on fuel;

noiselessness at work;

simplicity in installation, maintenance and repair;

big term operation.

Minuses:

slow heating;

frequent cleaning radiators to increase heat transfer;

high possibility of leakage pipes in case of metal corrosion;

mandatory deletion fluids from the system before its conservation;

need for permanent job, to prevent liquid freezing during the cold season;

labor intensity during assembly.

Diagram of the Leningradka heating system Source promogaz.ru

Air heating

Heating of the home is carried out directly with air, which is heated by a gas air heater, water heat exchanger or electric heater and is distributed through the supply air ducts through the fan into the heated rooms of the house. Cooled air is taken from the premises through return air ducts, fresh air from the street is mixed with it, this mixture is cleaned of dust by a filter, and again supplied to the air heater for heating. And so on in a “circle” until the temperature in the house reaches the value set on the thermostat and the system turns off. When the temperature in the house drops by 1 degree, the thermostat will turn the system on again and so on.

Video description

In this video we will discuss whether it is possible to install air heating yourself:

Instead of heating the air in winter, in summer the air in such a system can be cooled by installing an air conditioner evaporator or a water cooler in the duct next to the air heater. The evaporator can be used to heat the air if the external unit of the air conditioner has a heat pump function.

If necessary, you can add a humidifier, air sterilizer, or additional HEPA filter to the channel.

pros:

• High levels of comfort due to a combination of heating, ventilation and air filtration in the basic version.
• Energy savings of up to 30% compared to other types of heating due to controlled ventilation.
• High reliability, long service life and no threat of system defrosting.
• Possibility of adjusting temperature conditions using a thermostat according to the program and via the Internet.
• Opportunity to work in air conditioner and heat pump mode.
• All types of air treatment in the house at “one point” (humidification, sterilization, additional filtration).
• Ease of maintenance (replacement of filters and other replaceable system elements).

• Air ducts occupy some part of the internal volume of the house.
• Air ducts must be integrated into the structure and interior of the house at the design stage.

Steam heating

Heating installations with steam systems still remain in demand. The system works normally with various types of fuel - wood, gas, coal, electricity. When installing it, priority is given to combined heating methods (gas + electricity, solid fuel). The correct choice of fuel combination will significantly reduce the cost of heating a home.

Installation diagram of an autonomous steam heating system Source kevuza.recalobip.ru.net

Operating principle

In a steam boiler, the liquid is heated to the boiling point, and the resulting steam enters radiators or pipes. Gradually cooling, it condenses and flows back into the boiler. Operational reliability directly depends on the model of the steam boiler. It must be selected taking into account the area and engineering features of the building.

Pros of the system:

environmental purity;

fast heating houses regardless of their area;

cyclicality;

good heat transfer;

low probability b freezing of the system.

In general, the steam heating scheme does not differ from conventional water heating Source promogaz.ru

Minuses:

heat inside the coolant negatively affects the operational capabilities of the system;

availability required permitting documentation for commissioning;

there is no way to support a certain temperature regime inside the building;

noise when filling with steam;

need for constant monitoring due to the explosion hazard of steam boilers;

big price equipment;

complexity installation

Gas heating

If in the area where a private house is located there is no main line with gas, a system with liquefied gas heating is assembled. For this purpose, a gas tank is installed on a personal plot - a sealed container, which is periodically filled with propane butane.

A gas holder is essentially a large gas cylinder that is buried next to the house Source shumcity.ru

pros:

ecologically pure heat source;

increase service life equipment;

full autonomy.

Minuses:

labor intensity installation;

inconvenience refueling;

problems with receiving permitting documents;

high cost installations;

constant control from service departments;

if there is no connection to the gas main, then it is necessary availability of special installations for fuel storage.

design of country houses and turnkey heating and insulation systems for houses. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the “Low-Rise Country” exhibition of houses.

Heating with electric installations

Rising energy prices have significantly affected the popularity of installing heating systems using electricity. This approach is economically justified only in the absence of other alternative options. Electric fireplaces, convectors, infrared heaters, and heated floors act as coolants in electrical systems.

Advantages of heating with energy carriers:

relatively small cost of equipment for installation;

it is possible to use electric boilers to obtain hot water supply;

environmental friendliness;

possibility of automation to maintain optimal temperature conditions in the building;

not necessary in expensive maintenance;

possibility of rearrangement heating device from one room to another.

Minuses:

high power consumption (up to 24 kW/hour) and considerable cost of electronic media;

need to install additional multiphase distributors;

if possible power outages the entire circuit fails.

Geothermal installation to create a heating circuit

Choose to heat a private home, using the earth's energy resources for this purpose - to obtain an environmentally friendly and economical source of heat for heating a private home. 98% of the sun's energy is accumulated in the soil layers, which is the basis for fuel production. Regardless of the time of year and temperature on the surface, heat is retained in the deep layers of the soil.

Scheme of arrangement of a geothermal heating system Source promogaz.ru

A geothermal installation consists of external and internal circuits. The external circuit (heat exchanger) is located below ground level. The internal circuit is a conventional system located in the house and assembled from pipes and heating radiators. The coolant is water or other liquid containing antifreeze.

pros:

possibility of setting up and starting up the system in different climatic conditions;

environmental safety;

permanent obtaining the required amount of thermal energy;

small expenses for operation.

Video description

Minuses:

high cost purchasing the necessary equipment;

payback installation is possible only after 7-8 years;

labor intensity installation;

need for construction collector.

Heating with solar panels

An alternative and environmentally friendly way to obtain heat is to install heating using solar collectors. In regions with low solar activity, this method is used as a backup or additional option.

For the greatest efficiency of the system, it is necessary to correctly position the batteries on the roof Source finetodesign.com

pros:

big service life;

fast payback;

availability installation equipment;

the best option for heat generation from electric heaters and when installing heated floors;

environmental safety;

simplicity in operation;

no costs for the purchase of fuel.

Video description

Minuses:

need for constant sunlight;

necessity in complex calculations for correct installation of photocells;

roof installation at a 30 degree angle;

preferably have a spare source of heat available.

Stove heating

The use of fireplaces and stoves is advisable only as a source of additional or temporary heat energy when installing heating systems in individual construction. Mainly used for heating country houses. In private houses with a large area, with permanent residence of people, they have no efficiency, since they are not able to ensure uniformity in the supply of heat throughout all rooms. Or you will have to additionally install a water heating system, and use the stove itself as a beautiful wood-burning boiler

The stove is more suitable for a small house Source chrome-effect.ru

On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer turnkey installation of stoves and fireplaces. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the “Low-Rise Country” exhibition of houses.

Conclusion

In order to decide on the optimal option for arranging autonomous heating systems and finally figure out which heating system to choose for a private home, it is advisable, first of all, to analyze which type of fuel is most available in a given area. The decision in favor of installing a suitable heating system depends on this.

Long gone are the days when only a stove could heat a private house. The lack of hot water in sufficient quantities and the need to light the stove and keep it burning did little to facilitate life outside the city. That is why many sought to move to comfortable multi-storey buildings, where heating and hot water supply were centralized.

Today, a lot has changed - the abundance and range of modern heating equipment allows you to do heating in the house yourself, even without the involvement of specialists. Now, on the contrary, the priority is to live in country houses, since hot water is available all year round, and heating can be turned on at any time, without waiting for a decision from utility services.

In total, there are 3 main energy sources - gas, solid fuel and electricity. We will talk about each of them, as well as how to properly wire the boiler and ensure heat supply to different components, in this article.

You will not be able to purchase the entire heating system in any store. You can select individual elements and assemble them into a system, you can purchase materials and make the boiler and piping entirely yourself. Regardless of which path you decide to go, you must first decide on the following parameters:

• what type of fuel is planned to be used;
• which fuel is more economically feasible.

What home heating systems are there?

The most famous means of heating since time immemorial has been the Russian stove. Among the main disadvantages of such structures today are their large size, which is not always convenient, and uneven heating of the air in the room. It’s very hot near the stove, warm two meters away, cold in the next room. Modern fireplaces, although they have changed over time, generally act as an analogue of a stove and therefore can be used exclusively as an auxiliary heat source.

The most popular and effective is a water heating system, where heated coolant circulates through pipes and thereby heats the premises.

Air heating, based on the operation of air heat collectors, is considered no less effective, but practically unknown.

Electric heating can be called a relatively new type, which works by converting electricity into thermal energy without using any coolant.

Types of boilers

The main task when organizing heating with your own hands is to create an effective system, mostly automatic, with minimal human participation in its operation. Based on the availability of the type of fuel and the appropriateness of its choice, you should purchase a specific type of boiler.

The main classification of boilers depends on the type of fuel:

• gas;
• electric;
• solid fuel;
• combined.

Modern industrial boilers are economical, relatively silent and easy to operate. The main disadvantage of such equipment is its energy dependence, since at the heart of each there is a fan that forces air into the chamber or ensures the movement of the coolant.

The exception applies only to those boilers where it is used. This pump belongs to the category of emergency equipment and runs on a battery. In the absence of electricity, the pump ensures the movement of coolant through the pipes, preventing them from freezing and subsequent rupture.

Heating scheme for a private house

Gas

No matter how often the price of gas is indexed in our country, it still remains the cheapest type of fuel.

Modern gas boilers are silent, easy to operate, and differ in the number of circuits:

• single-circuit - designed only for heating the house

• double-circuit - for heating and hot water supply.

Electric

The safest type of equipment. Capable of heating a room of any size (power 4-300 kW). The only disadvantage of such equipment is the cost of fuel. Electricity is traditionally the most expensive type of heating compared to gas and solid fuel.

Key benefits include the following:

• large power range of boilers capable of heating up to 350 sq.m. premises on different levels and consisting of several rooms;
• there is no need to organize a chimney or exhaust ventilation - heating occurs by converting electricity into heat, so no combustion products are released;
• environmentally friendly equipment that does not emit any pollutants into the atmosphere;
• compact size and the ability to install in any room without restrictions on square footage and distance;
• there is no need to obtain permits to put equipment into operation.

Even a small house can be heated with electricity only if 3 phases are supplied and the network voltage is absolutely stable.

Boilers also differ in the number of circuits:

• single-circuit - for heating only;
• double-circuit - for heating and water heating.

Solid fuel

This is an improved "hello" from the past, modernized to such an extent that it can be left for a week and the temperature in the house will be comfortable. All solid fuel boilers are based on the Kolpakov principle, when the boiler is first heated, and then the temperature is maintained at a certain level to ensure stability of heating of the coolant.

Such boilers are characterized by a fairly high efficiency, but at the same time they require regular (at least 1-2 times a week) cleaning of combustion products, installation of a chimney, organization of exhaust ventilation and the presence of a separate room.

Advantages of solid fuel equipment:

• a wide range of fuels (firewood, coal, pellets, braces, waste from the woodworking and agricultural industries, etc.);
• high efficiency, in some cases reaching 92%;
• possibility of process automation for long-term combustion units.

To ensure that the heating season does not cause difficulties, it is necessary to prepare in advance a certain amount of fuel sufficient to heat a private home for 2-3 months.

Combined

This type of equipment allows you to rationalize heating costs and ensure constant operation of the boiler, depending on the availability of a particular fuel.

The fundamental difference lies in the combination of solid fuel with other sources - electricity, liquid fuel or gas. Depending on the pair, electric, solid fuel and universal combo boilers are distinguished. The choice depends on what fuel is available in the region.

The transition between alternative sources is carried out by changing burners, which is quite difficult and does not always work out the first time.

Burners are always purchased separately!

When choosing a boiler for a private home, you should understand that this is only a small part of the entire heating system. certainly very important, on which its functioning and maintaining heat in the house will depend, but also a lot depends on the boiler piping, on the organization of the heating and hot water supply system.

Types of heating systems

Depending on what coolant circulates in the system, the following types of heating are practiced:

• water, where ordinary water acts as the coolant (in some cases, antifreeze can be added);
• air - coolant - air heated to a certain temperature;
• steam - pipes heat steam;
• electrical - electrical appliances (heating elements, infrared emitters, etc.) are placed around the perimeter;
• combined - organizing heating in such a way that the source is not only the coolant, but also other options;
• "warm floor" system.

Each of the listed methods has certain characteristics, advantages and disadvantages in relation to each other.

This is the simplest type of heating for a private home, which is easy to do with your own hands. There are no special requirements for operating the system; the main task is to correctly calculate the number of batteries and select the appropriate boiler power.

How to calculate power

There is a universal formula for calculating power:

1 kW of power = 10 m 2 heated area

However, it only works in ideal, one might say, laboratory conditions, which are very far from reality. When determining the parameter, it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of a particular house - the year of construction, what building materials are used, the presence of thermal insulation, the type of windows and doors, etc.

So, for example, if a house was built more than 30 years ago, but is insulated, doors and windows are replaced with modern sealed structures, the power should be increased by 1.5 times, that is, by 10 sq.m. take 1.5 kW of area. If the building was built recently, but is not properly insulated, the doors and windows are wooden and draughty, the power should be increased by 2 times.

Power calculation factors

• 2 or more windows on the north side - 1.3;
• 2 or more windows on the south, east and southeast sides - 1.1;
• 2 or more windows on the west side - 1.2.

When organizing water heating, purified water acts as a coolant, which does not need to be drained at the end of the heating season. This is a closed system where water circulates under the influence of a pump or by gravity.

Forced coolant circulation

In order to ensure the movement of heated water through the pipes, centrifugal force is needed. As a rule, a circulation pump is used for these purposes, but an ordinary centrifugal pump, only of low power, is quite suitable.

The main task of the pump is to supply cooled water to the boiler to heat it and distribute the already heated coolant throughout the system. Since we are talking about a vicious circle, a constant volume of water circulates through the pipes.

Installation of a circulation pump in the heating system of a private house

The use of pumping equipment, although it makes the system energy-dependent, completely eliminates the need for human participation in the operation of the boiler. The temperature sensor monitors the heating limit, the pump moves water progressively from the boiler to the pipes and back. If we are talking about an electric or gas boiler, all participation comes down to only one thing - set a comfortable temperature and forget about the boiler for the whole season.

In order to ensure the operation of the boiler in the absence of electricity, you can purchase a 12-volt circulation pump powered by a battery.

Coolant circulation by gravity

Today, such a system is extremely rare and only in one-story houses. Here, the coolant moves through the system by gravity, when water of different temperatures moves under the influence of differences in specific gravity.

A prerequisite for proper water circulation in a gravity system is the installation of pipes at a slight angle - up to 150.

DIY installation of a water heating system

In order to make the house comfortable and warm, you should correctly calculate the number of radiators through which the coolant will circulate. Please note that all boilers must be equipped with an exhaust ventilation system and a chimney. The only exception applies to an electric boiler.

How to calculate the required number of radiators

The most correct way is to calculate the area of ​​the heated room (in each room separately). According to SNiP, each square meter requires 100 W of heat. Find out the area of ​​the room and multiply by the required amount of heat. So, for example, for a room of 20 sq.m. you will need 2000 W of heat (20 x 100), which corresponds to 2 kW.

Now we determine the number of radiators by the number of sections or units. Each manufacturer indicates the heat transfer of one section of a radiator or monolithic product. Divide the resulting heat volume by the heat transfer coefficient and get the number of sections that you convert into radiators, or immediately the number of radiators.

1. Single-pipe, where only hot water leaves the boiler

In this case, the coolant moves from the first to the last radiator, gradually losing heat. When choosing such a system, you should keep in mind that in the farthest room the battery will be almost cold.

It is difficult to adjust the temperature of radiators with such a system, since by shutting off one radiator, you stop the flow of coolant to all subsequent ones.

1. Two-pipe - supply of hot water from the boiler and return of water to the boiler (return).

This is the most optimal system for heating a private house, where 2 pipes are connected in parallel to each device - primary and return. In this case, the temperature of all radiators in all rooms will be approximately the same. You can increase or decrease the temperature in each room as needed.

This method of wiring is also called radial, when a pipe with direct supply is supplied from the boiler to each device and discharged with a cold one.

The collector in such a heating system performs the task of storing coolant.

This is a universal system that is suitable for organizing heating in any room, while it is possible to make hidden wiring to each device separately.

Depending on the chosen wiring system, the number of pipes and the total cost are determined. Single-pipe wiring is the cheapest option.

After the number of radiators has been calculated and the system has been selected, the pipes should be installed.

Previously, metal pipes were used for this purpose. Today, such a solution is not profitable due to cost and susceptibility to corrosion, so you should choose polypropylene.

Polypropylene pipes in the heating system

Pipes are laid in all rooms that will be heated, moving from one room to another. The pipes are connected to each other with a special soldering iron for plastic pipes.

You can assemble a water heating system for a private house with your own hands, but this will require precise calculations and a boiler piping diagram. The main drawback of such a system is the need for regular prevention. And please note that if you use antifreeze, it must be changed every 5 years.

A fairly popular method of heating residential and office premises, based on the principle of gravity and forced ventilation. The gravitational system involves the movement of air at a temperature difference due to its natural circulation. Different temperatures mean different air densities, which causes the movement of warm and cold layers.

When heating with air, a heater is installed in the room or ventilation ducts are installed through which warm air enters. Each such heat source can be installed anywhere in the room - on the wall, ceiling or floor. This has no effect on the principle of convection.

There are 2 main types of air heating:

• local (localized);
• central.

Localized

This method is suitable for heating only one room in the room. The heat source can be:

• air heaters;
• heat guns;
• thermal curtains.

The optimal heat supply is a heater that distributes heat several meters around. The power of such equipment is 1-1.2 kW per hour.

A heat gun is a more powerful equipment, which also instantly dries the air in the room. Used only for heating warehouse and industrial premises where people stay for a short time. Power 2-2.5 kW per hour.

A thermal curtain is an analogue of an air conditioner that supplies hot air to a point. Most often, a curtain is placed at the entrance to simultaneously prevent cold air from entering the room. Power 1.5-2 kW per hour.

Central heating

This is an example of a centralized hot air supply, which operates on the principle:

• direct-flow or partial recirculation;
• complete circulation of hot air.

Most often, such a system is chosen in rooms with suspended or suspended ceilings, where ventilation ducts can be installed above them. Through such ventilation holes, hot air enters the room and circulates in it.

It is not advisable to install ventilation ducts in the walls, since part of it will be needed to mask the ventilation shafts.

The cost of air heating is more expensive both in terms of installation and the cost of equipment. The source of coolant supply is a gas or electric boiler.

Advantages:

• filtering the air entering the room;
• fresh air due to the fact that the intake is carried out from the street;
• possibility of organizing drip irrigation and air ionization.

Flaws:

• such a system can only be created in a house under construction (with the exception of a water gun and a heat curtain);
• expensive installation.

Electric heating

The most affordable way to heat any room, since electricity is everywhere.

The operating principle is based on the operation of an electric convector that converts electrical energy into heat. Modern models are equipped with a large number of functions that completely eliminate the need for human participation in monitoring work.

It could be:

• temperature controller depending on the time of day;
• regulator for increasing the temperature at night and decreasing it during the day (day-night mode);
• maintaining system pressure and minimum temperature in the event of absence of people for a long time;
• compliance with the regime even during a short-term power outage, etc.

Advantages:

• very simple and easy installation that anyone can do;
• extremely simple operation;
• mobility of the system, when convectors can be moved from room to room if necessary.

Flaws:

• the high cost of energy is the most expensive of all existing heating methods.

When choosing an electric heating method, there must be 3 phases and a stable voltage in the network.

Steam heating

In this case, the operating principle is completely identical to the water one, with the only difference that instead of water, steam circulates in the pipe system. Installation of pipes, selection of boiler power and organization of piping are completely identical to the water heating system.

For steam heating, special boilers are used that generate hot steam. It is mandatory to have a “Through the Gauntlet” filter system, which purifies water from all kinds of impurities before it is converted into a vapor state.

There is only one advantage of a steam heating system - savings, since heating occurs almost instantly. The efficiency is 95%.

There are incomparably more disadvantages:

• peculiarity of the equipment - it is extremely difficult to find a steam boiler on the open market;
• high installation cost, which includes the installation of special pipes and the presence of a filter system;
• dangerous operation because the steam temperature exceeds 100 degrees.

Warm floor

The huge advantage of this heating system is the large heat-transferring surface area. This is an ideal option for common areas - kitchen, bathroom, hallway, as well as in the living room or children's room.

It is optimal to lay a heated floor under ceramic tiles - in this case it acts as an excellent conductor. Laminate and parquet are much less often used for heated floors, since when the temperature rises, warping of the material and its subsequent dismantling are possible.

A prerequisite for installing a heated floor is a foil layer. It is neither an insulator nor a reflector, as is commonly believed. Foil is used to distribute heat evenly across the floor surface. If you do not use such a layer, the tactile sensations of the floor will resemble a zebra - the stripe is warm, the stripe is cold.

Warm floors can be water-based, where hot water circulates through pipes, or electric - a system of wires where electrical energy is converted into heat.

Water heated floor

A branch of a water heating system in the form of small-diameter pipes laid on a flat floor surface. A prerequisite is the use of a substrate that will prevent heat loss from contact with the floor.

The difficulty of installing a water heated floor lies in the need to lay pipes and connect them correctly to the existing heating system.

Electric heated floor

A type of heating that is elementary in installation and operation. The only difficulty that may arise is preliminary preparation of the surface for laying wires or mats using a concrete screed, and laying the floor covering on top of the heated floor

Even simpler is to use electric mats on the existing surface. Such mats are absolutely safe to use and are easy to set up. To avoid mechanical damage, it is recommended to use an overhead electric floor under a carpet or rug.

In most cases, a heated floor is an auxiliary element of the heating system in the house.

How to choose heating for your home

The most correct thing when choosing a heating system and, accordingly, a boiler is to focus on the available type of fuel. If there is no gas pipeline in some area yet, but its installation is already underway, it is advisable to use combined boilers - solid fuel and gas. Where gas is not available and is not planned, but electricity is expensive, you can connect an electric boiler.

Each system has both its advantages and disadvantages. Even if you heat the house yourself, be sure to consult with the designers regarding the type and method. Any of the selected heating systems is quite expensive so that errors in calculations can be made.

For example, when developing a fireplace, stove or solid fuel boiler with your own hands, there is a risk of carbon dioxide concentration in the room, which will lead to accidents.

The best option would be to purchase ready-made certified equipment, and you can do the installation and wiring yourself.

In order to accurately understand which type of heating to prefer, you should take into account the cost of each type of fuel and its consumption per unit of time.

As of March 2016, fuel prices are as follows:

• 1 liter of diesel - $0.5. The cost of 1 kWh of energy is $0.05.
• 1 m 3 of natural gas for individuals - $0.05. The cost of 1 kW/h is $0.006.
• 1 liter of bottled gas - $0.3. The cost of 1 kW/h is $0.020.
• 1 kW/h of electricity for an individual - $0.03.
• 1 kg of coal averages $0.3. The cost of 1 kW/h is $0.05.

In an effort to make their home comfortable and independent from various utilities, many begin with autonomous heating of a house or apartment. In the process of its construction, issues arise that have to be resolved in a hurry or even “retroactively.”

You can install a heating system in a private home yourself or with the help of professionals. In any case, you need to be familiar with the design procedure, approval of permits and installation of the system. Such knowledge will allow you to monitor the quality of work at each stage and eliminate obvious errors.

How to make heating in a private house

To begin with, we will briefly list the main steps that will need to be completed on the way to achieving the goal:

1. choice of heating system;
2. selection of heating system components;
3. calculation of heating of a private house;
4. development of an individual heating scheme;
5. registration and obtaining permits;
6. heating system installation;
7. test run of the system.

It is important to adhere to consistency, because... phased implementation of the project eliminates errors that are difficult or expensive to correct.

1. Choice of heating - which heating system is best for a private home

The choice of autonomous heating is based on the type of boiler that runs on a certain type of fuel and differs in design elements. Among the most popular heating systems are gas, electric, liquid and solid fuel heating.

The main criteria for choosing a heating boiler are:

• safety;
• fuel availability;
• compactness, ease of regulation, maintenance and maintainability;
• economical installation and operation;
• the opportunity to make heating yourself.

Heating systems for a private house - types and types

Water heating system

One of the most used heating systems in our country is water heating. Laying pipes in a house or apartment is a common occurrence.

The principle of operation of water heating is as follows: water heated from the boiler naturally (or forced) circulates through the pipes, giving off heat to the room. Considering the fact that along the way water moves at joints, at pipe bends, etc. friction and local resistance are formed; many systems are equipped with valves to provide pressure, the force of which is equal to the resistance losses. Such a water heating system is called a system with artificial water circulation.

A water heating system can be structurally implemented according to two schemes:

• Single-circuit(closed water circulation system, oriented only for heating)

• Dual-circuit(a system focused simultaneously on heating the room and heating water in the water supply system). Such a system requires the use of a special double-circuit boiler.

The water heating device involves 3 fundamentally different pipe layouts in the rooms.

Heating pipe layout

Single-pipe home heating system

The diagram of a single-pipe heating system is shown in the photo.

As can be seen from the figure, the pipes are looped, and the radiators are connected in turn. Thus, the coolant leaves the boiler and passes through each of them in turn.
It is worth noting that the temperature of the coolant gradually decreases. This is a significant disadvantage of the system. However, it is quite common due to its simplicity, cost-effectiveness and the ability to make a one-pipe heating system with your own hands.

How to reduce heat loss with a single-pipe heating system:

• increase the number of sections in the last radiators (the last two or three);

• increase the temperature of the coolant at the outlet. This, in turn, increases heating costs;

• provide forced circulation of the coolant. That is, install a pump that will create additional pressure in the system, forcing the water to circulate faster.

Two-pipe house heating system

The diagram of a two-pipe heating system is shown in the photo. The exhaust pipe, which drains the cooled coolant from the radiator to the boiler, is highlighted in blue.

The two-pipe system ensures the supply of coolant to the radiators without loss of heat. Its varieties are shown in the photo. With parallel connection, savings on materials are achieved. With radiation, it becomes possible to regulate the temperature in each room separately.

Collector (radial) wiring

It involves the use of a special device - a collector, which collects coolant and distributes it through pipes to the batteries. The scheme is complex to implement, so it is rarely used.

An undoubted advantage of a water heating system is its safety.

Disadvantages include:

• it is relatively difficult to heat a large area without significant costs (due to heat loss during water circulation);

• aesthetic parameter. An extensive pipe system can be hidden by sacrificing a certain amount of room volume, which is not always convenient, or left in plain sight;

• large heating radiators;

• the likelihood of air pockets. This problem occurs after draining water from the system.

When building a private house, one of the most important stages is the installation of a heating system, because the comfort and coziness of the household depends on this. Fortunately, today the market offers various options for arranging a heating system. In supermarkets you can easily purchase equipment, materials and tools that may be needed during installation work.

Many owners, who already spend a lot of money on construction, seek to save money and take on the task of completing some of the stages with their own hands. You can set up a heating system if you have at least the slightest idea of ​​what it is, how it works, and what it should consist of. Of course, it is better to first consult with a professional who will help you calculate and choose the most profitable and effective options in each specific case.

Before choosing a heating system for a private home, you need to find answers to a number of questions. It is necessary to take into account the parameters of the house, the number of storeys, the total area and size of each of the heated rooms, determine where the boiler will be located, which unit to install, which coolant. All elements of the heating system are available in the construction supermarket, however, you will have to assemble them yourself.

Today, two types of heating systems are actively used: open and closed. Open or gravity consists of the following elements:

• boiler where the coolant is heated;
• expansion tank;
• radiators;
• heating pipes.

The main role in open systems is played by gravity, under the influence of which the heated coolant from the boiler spreads over the batteries. The main advantage of this option is its energy independence. As for the disadvantages, there are more of them: the system warms up slowly, the coolant constantly evaporates from the expansion tank, and the latter must be located at the highest point of the system.

A closed heating system requires the installation of a closed expansion tank and a circulation pump. This option is more practical, since you can additionally make a “warm floor”, the house is always warm and cozy, the elements of the system are arranged arbitrarily, there is no need to calculate and observe the slope of the pipes when performing installation work.

Types of heating systems

In most cases, owners of private houses prefer heating systems with water coolant. This is the most versatile, convenient and economical option, however, there are others. There are two main questions that you need to find answers to before you start installing a heating system: what to warm up with and what to heat with.

• Air. This can be either an all-air heating system or a “warm floor”. In this case, the low heat capacity of the air must be taken into account. This option justifies itself when heating rooms such as a corridor, hallway, veranda;
• water vapor used primarily for heating large industrial premises. Such a system requires constant monitoring;
• Water- the most optimal way to heat a large private house. Such a system is efficient and compact, undemanding in maintenance. Plastic pipes are used for the arrangement;
• Antifreeze its qualities are in no way inferior to water coolant, however, it is much more expensive and releases toxins, so you definitely need to take care of high-quality sealing.

As for the heat source, there may also be different options. For our latitudes, natural gas is considered the most economical fuel, so most households use gas heating boilers for heating. There are also electric, solid fuel and combined ones. There is a wide range of models on the market, which allows you to choose the most suitable option in each specific case.

With water coolant

Water heating is an affordable, economical, effective option for heating a private home, which has been used for many years, but has never lost its popularity. To ensure high-quality operation of the heating system, it is necessary to correctly calculate the number of radiators, buy a powerful boiler, correctly connect all the elements and start the coolant (water). This system is easy to maintain, durable and reliable. Liquid circulation through the pipes is carried out either using a circulation pump or by gravity.

• Forced circulation- a great way to heat a large house on two or three floors. A mandatory element of such a system is a pump that supplies cold water to the boiler and hot water from it. There are fully automated pumps on sale that are capable of starting independently at the right time and controlling the temperature of the coolant;
• Natural circulation. Water can circulate independently through the elements of the heating system if the equipment is placed correctly during installation and the pipes are positioned at a certain slope. This option is used extremely rarely today and justifies itself in one-story houses with a small area.

Any boiler is suitable for installing a water-based heating system, but only an electric one does not require a chimney. The number of radiators and pipes depends on the area of ​​the house.

Air heating

An air heating system is increasingly being used, which involves installing special ducts or air heaters in each room of the house through which hot air flows. Heating elements can be located on the ceiling or walls. There are several types of air heating.

• Local used if there is a need to heat a separate room. The essence of the method is that a fan heater is installed in the room, which heats the air to the optimal temperature (drying it out);
• Central can be called a complete heating system. The air is heated by special equipment and supplied to individual rooms through ventilation ducts;
• Air curtains- an expensive, but very convenient and functional way to heat a house. Devices that resemble air conditioners in appearance are installed near the entrance to the rooms. Through them a flow of heated air enters the room.

Air heating is used less often today than water heating. The main reason is high cost and impracticality. You can set up such a system in a country house, in a small house, but this method is not suitable for heating a two-story mansion.

Electric heating

The use of electric convectors is justified in cases where it is not possible to use other types of fuel. The equipment is installed in one room, easy to connect, and simple to maintain. Modern models are equipped with a whole arsenal of functions: automatic switching off and on, adjusting the air temperature in the room. Convectors are small, compact, they do not take up much space and can be moved from one room to another.

To equip your home with such a heating system, you need a powerful, new electrical network. Old wiring is unlikely to withstand such increased voltage. When choosing this option, be prepared for high utility bills.

Electric convectors are ideal if you need to temporarily heat a room (in a country house, for example), but in a large private mansion it is better not to use them.

Steam heating

A steam heating system can be used to heat large private homes, commercial and industrial premises. Only a professional can set up such a complex system with his own hands. To ensure its functionality, reliability and safety, everything must be done according to the instructions; even the slightest mistake during installation can lead to the system either not working or soon breaking down.

The operating principle of this option is that water flows through the pipes in a gaseous state. To start the system, one boiler will not be enough; additional equipment is installed that is responsible for filtering water and converting it into steam. Main advantages: the system warms up quickly, provides warmth and comfort in every room, and significantly saves energy. Disadvantages of steam heating:

• expensive equipment (as you will need to install a special boiler and filters);
• requires professional maintenance;
• emergency situations may occur.

Water vapor in a closed system is supplied under pressure, so if a radiator or pipe ruptures, a person nearby may be burned or seriously injured.

Heating system "warm floor"

A modern, effective and very comfortable way to heat a house is to install a “warm floor”. The system is installed during the construction or major renovation of a house. It is advisable to use this option if you plan to use ceramic tiles as a floor covering.

“Warm floor” can be installed everywhere: in the bedroom and nursery, in the living room and kitchen, in the bathroom and toilet. In this case, heat will come from below. A whole network of pipes or wires is installed under the floor covering, through which the coolant passes. If water is used, a special lining must be laid on the base of the floor, which will not allow thermal energy to escape downwards. Next, the pipeline is laid, then the screed and floor covering. The option is quite labor-intensive, but economical.

It’s easier to create an electric “warm floor” with your own hands. In a specialized store you can buy either special mats or wiring. In the first case, installation is very simple, you do not need to use any additional elements, just ready-made mats with a floor covering on top. In the second, a thin layer of screed or ceramic tiles are laid on the cable.

Selecting a heating boiler

A mandatory, if not the main, element of the heating system is the heating boiler. The modern market offers a wide range of options that differ in technical characteristics, cost, size and appearance. A few years ago, gas equipment was at the peak of popularity. Today they are being replaced by electric and solid fuel appliances. When choosing a boiler, a number of criteria should be taken into account.

• Convection- the most common, has a simple design, uses only the energy of the fuel that burns. Condensation costs more, but produces more heat;
• The combustion chamber. If it is open, air is used from the room. In closed chambers, air can be consumed both from the room and from the street, however, a chimney is required;
• Circuit. To provide comfort and warmth to your household, you need to take care not only of the heating system, but also of the water supply. The issue can be solved using a double-circuit boiler, which will both heat the house and provide hot water.

When choosing a gas, electric or solid fuel boiler, you should pay attention to such parameters as unit power, fuel consumption, size and design, and cost.

Advantages of gas boilers

Gas is an affordable and economical fuel. Gas boilers are considered the most common and are widely used in the installation of heating systems in private homes. The equipment can operate on natural or liquefied gas. The advantages of gas appliances include the following:

• ease of operation;
• reduction in heating costs;
• high performance;
• environmental Safety;
• reliability and durability.

To install such equipment at home, it is necessary to develop a gas project and agree on all the details with the company that supplies the fuel. You can install and connect the boiler yourself without outside help, but a gas service representative must put it into operation.

With the installation of a gas heating boiler, difficulties may arise already at the installation stage. First of all, the device should be adapted for operation in conditions where there is an increased range of operating gas pressure. It is very important to pay attention to this if you have purchased an imported boiler. You will also need to install a chimney to remove exhaust gas. Only turbo boilers are equipped with special turbines through which combustion products go outside.

Electric heating boilers

The best option in cases where there is no access to a gas main is to install an electric heating boiler. Its power is enough to heat a house on two or three floors. The equipment is capable of efficiently heating a cottage with an area of ​​up to 300 square meters. m. This option does not provide for the installation of additional ventilation or chimney. During operation, electrical appliances do not emit harmful substances and do not pollute the air or the room in which they are located. Compact dimensions allow you to install the boiler in a small, not necessarily separate, room.

How to choose a heating boiler that runs on electricity? Which device is best suited for heating a private home? How to save on buying an electric boiler, but still get really high-quality equipment?

But there are also disadvantages to electric heating systems. Firstly, the house must have powerful, reliable electrical wiring. Secondly, the numbers on receipts will increase significantly. Modern models are used not only for heating, but also for hot water supply. They are completely safe, convenient, and effective. Prices for equipment depend on the manufacturer, the power of the device, and additional functions.

Solid fuel models

Solid fuel boilers that operate on the principle of Kolpakov stoves have very high efficiency. To maintain the coolant temperature, it is necessary to add fuel to the boiler once a day. Modern models on the market are safe and effective. The equipment is mounted on the floor, although it is compact in size, however, it requires a separate room. The main advantages of solid fuel units:

• the body does not heat up, so there is no risk of getting burned;
• Not only peat, but also firewood, sawdust, and paper can be used as fuel;
• all devices are characterized by high power;
• compact size and modern design;
• economy.

However, there are also disadvantages. The operation of such heating devices is accompanied by the accumulation of dirt and dust in the room, so it is recommended to allocate a separate room for the boiler. There should be a place in it for storing fuel, and it is also necessary to clean the device from ash from time to time.

To heat a house using a solid fuel boiler, you will have to spend at least an hour until the coolant warms up. In addition, it is necessary to properly design the chimney. During operation of the equipment, you need to ensure that the combustion chamber does not become clogged. The advantages of solid fuel boilers include the fact that it depends only on the owner what kind of winter will be for his home: warm or cold, because he himself prepares the fuel.

Combined units

In some regions, a problem such as lack of gas or electricity often occurs. But this does not mean that the residents of the house are doomed to the cold, because there are combination boilers on sale that can operate on not one, but two types of fuel. The most common models are those that can run on gas and solid fuel. This ensures the reliability and autonomy of the heating system. Each such device is equipped with two combustion chambers. You can switch from one type of fuel to another by changing burners.

Combined heating boilers are not without their disadvantages. For example, they cost more than gas or solid fuel equipment separately. The efficiency of such units rarely exceeds 90%. To install the device, you need to allocate a separate room and arrange a chimney.

It is impossible to unequivocally answer the question of which heating boiler to choose. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages. When choosing, you should focus on such parameters as the area of ​​the house, heat loss, type of coolant, availability of one or another type of fuel.

A powerful, reliable unit will ensure uninterrupted and efficient operation of the heating system in a private home.

Heat loss calculation

In the process of planning a heating system, it is necessary to calculate the heat loss of each room and the entire house. To carry out calculations correctly, you need to know the following data:

• design and thickness of walls;
• thermal resistance of materials;
• the average temperature of the coldest month and the average winter temperature.

The main criterion necessary for calculating heat loss is the thermal resistance of materials. It can be obtained from special collections and tables. This parameter needs to be multiplied by the thickness of the material (in meters), we get the thermal conductivity of each layer of the wall, which we multiply by the temperature gradient and by the area of ​​the room.

What is heat loss at home? Formulas for calculating the power of a heating system for a private home. What criteria should be taken into account when calculating heat loss?

DIY heating system installation

Installation work should begin with the installation of the heating boiler. If the equipment power does not exceed 60 kW, you can install the device in the kitchen; if it is higher, a separate room should be allocated for the boiler. Heat sources that burn different types of fuel must have air flow. In addition, it is necessary to ensure the removal of combustion products. This can be done with the help of a properly equipped chimney.

When installing a heating boiler, certain rules must be followed. The distance to the nearest equipment and walls must be at least 0.7 m. The wiring of units that operate on different types of fuel is practically the same. The figure shows an option for piping a gas boiler with a forced circulation system.

This tying method is used most often. Other schemes provide for the presence of their own pumps to ensure continuous circulation of the heated coolant.

If solid fuel heat generators are used to service the heating system, the following nuances must be taken into account when connecting them: due to the inertia of the device, the coolant may overheat and boil. To avoid unpleasant situations, it is necessary to install a circulation pump on the return line. An additional security system is also installed, which consists of the following elements:

• safety valve;
• automatic air vent;
• pressure gauge

An important function is performed by the safety valve, because it is responsible for relieving excess pressure in cases where the coolant overheats. The most effective piping scheme for a solid fuel boiler is shown in the figure below.

Another problem that is often encountered when operating a heating system with solid fuel boilers is the accumulation of condensate on the elements of the unit. This happens due to cold water entering the hot cut. To prevent condensation of the coolant, a three-way valve and a bypass are installed in the systems.

Installation of heating pipes

It is impossible to install a heating system in a private house without a pipeline. In old houses there are cast iron pipes from the last century. They boast a long service life, durability and reliability. However, today such products are used extremely rarely, because they have been almost completely replaced by lighter, more convenient and cheaper pipes that can be made from the following materials:

• steel;
• copper;
• stainless steel;
• polypropylene;
• polyethylene;
• metal-plastic.

Copper and steel products are strong and durable. They are excellent for arranging a heating system in multi-storey country cottages and private houses. The only drawback is the high cost. The most affordable polypropylene pipes, however, it is quite difficult to carry out the entire complex of work yourself.

The most suitable options for arranging a heating system pipeline: metal-plastic or polyethylene products. Such pipes are used in systems with different types of coolant, as well as for laying water-based “warm floors”. The products have excellent technical characteristics, are cheaper than metal ones, and are easier and more convenient to work with due to their low weight. Metal-plastic and polyethylene pipes are reliable, durable, safe, and have a long service life.

Selection and installation of radiators

Previously, traditional, cast-iron, not very aesthetic batteries were available, which were used in every private house or high-rise buildings. Today, in specialized heating equipment stores there are so many models of radiators, they all differ from each other in price, technical characteristics, and appearance, that it may be difficult to choose. As a rule, these products are classified depending on the material from which they are made.

• Aluminum The batteries are light, durable, reliable, and have excellent heat transfer performance. The products are made from solid alloy, which ensures their durability;
• Bimetallic Radiators are used primarily in central heating systems. Internally they are equipped with a tubular steel frame;
• Steel panel batteries– the best option that experts recommend for use when installing a heating system in a private home. To regulate the air temperature in the room, you can install thermostatic valves;
• Cast iron Heating radiators today are presented in a wide range. These are not Soviet “accordions”, but durable, safe and reliable products, which are characterized by an attractive design.

When choosing heating radiators, give preference to those that you like the most and suit the price. Modern models are efficient enough to provide warmth and comfort in a private home.

The type of heating system and type of coolant depends on the number of floors and area of ​​the house, the availability of one or another fuel. You can install a heating system in a private home with your own hands, if you follow the recommendations for selecting and installing equipment.