Installation roof fencing required for all types of roofs, regardless of whether the roof is in use or not, that is, whether any roofing work is being carried out on it or not. The requirements for them are regulated by SNiP 21 01 97 and GOST 25772 83.
Almost all roofs require roofing work - cleaning, repair or installation and maintenance of antennas, chimneys, gutters. To avoid workers falling and sliding off the roof, it is necessary to properly organize the roof safety system.
According to SNiP 21 01 97 “Fire safety of buildings and structures” must be installed if:
- the roof is in use,
- roof slope up to 12%, building height more than 10 meters,
- and also, if the slope is more than 12%, the height of the building is more than 7 meters.
The height of a building refers to the distance from the ground to the cornice or parapet.
According to GOST 25772 83 “Steel fencing for stairs, balconies and roofs”, which regulates the height of the fencing, it must be:
- height from 1 to 1.2 meters, with a building height of up to 30 meters,
- more than 1.2 meters, with a building height of 30 meters or more.
It is worth noting that if there is a parapet, it is necessary to reduce the height of the roof fence.
The vertical supports of the roof, having a triangular shape, should be located at a distance of no more than 1.2 meters.
Horizontal pipes should be installed at a distance of no more than 0.3 m from each other. Options for filling its frame are also possible:
- lattice - when installing a metal lattice between the supports;
- screen - made of solid sheet materials between supports in metal frame;
- combined - that is, with lattice and screen parts.
Accordingly, the manufacture and installation of roof fencing must be carried out by workers who have knowledge in this field so that it fulfills its main function - ensuring safety. The fencing also has a decorative value, but changes in the shape, size, and materials of the roof fencing structures should not affect its strength and reliability.
Roof fencing SNiP 21 01 97 – compliance with safety
It is very important to observe all safety measures when erecting fences on the roof of buildings. For this, there are certain rules and standards that must be observed.
However, the construction of fencing structures in accordance with GOST and SNiPs is rare, since many builders do not even have the slightest idea about the standards.
Fences help prevent snow from falling off the roofs, which is certainly a positive factor
Dividing roofs into types
Looking at the roofs of different buildings, you can notice one feature - they often differ from each other.
That is why there is a clear division into two groups, which are also divided into subgroups.
- The first group includes a flat roof. This type of roof should not cause any difficulties in constructing fences.
Flat roof with metal fencing installed strictly vertically
- But the second group - pitched roof, may cause more difficulties than it seems. In this case, roof fencing standards should be applied to several subgroups separately.
The first subgroup is fencing for single or gable (hatched) roofs, the second is mansard, where the roof angle is quite high. The third subgroup includes multi-gable roofing, where the installation of fences requires individual calculations.
The picture shows a multi-gable roof - the fencing design is selected individually
All roofs should also be divided into used and unused. This factor also affects the installation of fences.
Operated roof
Let's talk about the features of roofs that are constantly used by people for some purpose: installing equipment, carrying out repair work, snow removal and much more.
Referring to SNiP 21 01 97, it is worth noting that roof fencing must be installed on any building whose height is more than 10 meters. It is also said that the angle of inclination of the roof, in this case, is no more than 12%.
Note!
For buildings with 12% or more, a separate rule is provided - their height is taken into account from 7 meters.
It is also worth noting that roof railings are installed in accordance with GOST 25772-83 “Steel railings for stairs, balconies and roofs”.
Features of the interpretation of these standards:
- The height of the roof fencing according to SNiP depends on the total height of the building. At objects with a total height of up to 30 meters, it is permissible to install barriers with dimensions of 1100 mm or more. On objects of 30 meters or more, structures must be at least 1200 mm.
- If the fence is installed on an existing parapet, then the dimensions of the parapet should be subtracted from the total dimensions.
- The subtleties of GOST also apply to the frame manufacturing process. So the distance between horizontal posts should be no more than 300 mm. For vertical elements the rule is even stricter - no more than 100 mm.
For your information!
A roof fencing is also provided - GOST 25772 83, using special heavy-duty glass, which is installed as a hanging screen.
Installation of a ladder on an exploited roof is mandatory
Unused roof
The main feature of this section is the absence of strict requirements, since there is no provision for people to go onto the roof. But we should not forget about emergency situations, when the use of a roof is simply necessary, this is connected not only with the performance of the equipment, but also with human lives.
Therefore, special bridges and ladders are installed on unused roofs to prevent a person from falling. They are manufactured taking into account the correct distribution of the entire body weight on the surface of the flooring.
A reliable ladder that allows you to easily move along a pitched roof
In this case, all the requirements of SNiP 21 01 97 remain the same, but for the installation of roof fencing, GOST 25772 83 makes some changes:
- The minimum height of the barrier for any type of building and regardless of the number of storeys must be at least 600 mm.
- The distance between vertical and horizontal structural elements cannot be made more than 300 mm.
Important!
It should be remembered that violation of GOSTs can lead to adverse consequences, where a financial fine is not the worst thing that can happen.
After you have read the information described above, you can move on to the next section, which describes all the options for making fences and fencing.
Roofing materials
- The cheapest and most affordable option is considered to be products made from ordinary metal.. They get covered by special means, allowing to increase the protection of the material from negative atmospheric influences. For this, the powder coating method is used, which gives increased fixation to the surface layer.
- But if price in this matter is not the most important criterion, then you should give preference to stainless steel. The material does not require any additional processing; its structure is resistant to all negative influences.
Stainless steel is a guarantee of durability and reliability. In addition, it can be used for re-installation - Various glass products are also used for roof railings, which make it possible to give the building the most attractive appearance.
Unfortunately, it is unlikely that you will be able to install such structures yourself; this requires a special tool. This factor increases the cost of barriers several times.
Note!
Also, plastic mesh can be used to fence the roof for fencing sports fields.
High-quality material easily tolerates severe frosts, is resistant to humidity and is not afraid of ultraviolet rays.
At the same time, it significantly increases safety on operating roofs.
Such nets are suitable for both temporary use and everyday use.
Whatever option you choose, you should remember that the basis of everything is reliability and durability.
The figure shows an example of when the fence was filled with OSB sheets
Technical requirements
To erect a roof fence in accordance with GOST, you should, following the rules, perform the following actions:
- Roof railings should not be highlighted against the background of the entire building. They should advise standard colors, harmonize in design and not attract undue attention.
Important!
It is prohibited to attach or install any products of any nature on roof railings.
- The design must be made of high quality materials. Moreover, you should check the documentary component of the organization that provides the fencing.
For this there is a special GOST - 23118, and there is also SNiP III-18, which provides rules for the manufacture of welded structures. - It is equally important that all installation work is carried out by specialized companies that have permission and licenses to do so. It would also be useful to have a professional tool to speed up the installation process.
- Roof fencing GOST 25772 83 for children's institutions should not have any inclined intermediate elements.
- It is important to take into account all the dimensions of barriers that are installed on roofs in accordance with the above rules. Please note that the size of the fence directly depends on the number of storeys of the building.
All work on installing barriers on the roof should be carried out only after the roof has been repaired.
For your information!
As for additional safety, it is necessary to install walkways and shallow stairs on pitched roofs.
This allows employees of specialized organizations to spend less effort on carrying out work, installing equipment and clearing snow.
Checking the quality and integrity of fences
In order to comply with all GOSTs and SNiPs, it is important not only the installation and operation process itself, but also the mandatory verification process (see the article on the roof fencing test report for more details: sample filling). It is necessary to identify flaws, inconsistencies and defects.
The verification test instructions are described below:
- The first step is a visual inspection of the fences. This process must be carried out once or twice a year, as well as after stormy winds and heavy snowfalls.
It allows you to make sure that the structure is not damaged. Pay attention to: fastening points and welded elements. - After that, you should start testing the load. It is very important to understand that this process should be trusted only to specialized organizations that have access and permission to carry out work.
In any case, do not forget to protect the object of inspection with warning signs.
For your information!
For such cases, there is a rental of fencing for construction sites; cheap fences allow you to save both time and money on construction. In addition, the companies that provide these products will help you install them.
- If all the fences have been successfully tested, and no defects or flaws were identified after testing, you should begin filling out the documents.
This process is also carried out by the testing company, after which you must sign and agree or disagree with the test report.
If there is as much snow on your roof as in this photo, you are lucky, the fence is installed well
Having received the corresponding document in hand, it is necessary to keep it for five years - that is when the next check is carried out. It is usually used to verify tests, as well as to identify oversights and violations of rules. In any case, it is of particular importance to the inspection organization.
Do not forget that not only the roof, but also the fire escape is subject to inspection.
Height of fencing on the roof snip
1) SP 2.13130-2012. 5.4.14: “If, when placing fire walls or fire partitions of type 1 at the junction of one part of the building with another, an internal angle of less than 135° is formed, the following measures must be taken:
- sections of roof eaves overhangs at a length of at least 4 m from the top of the corner should be made of NG materials or these elements should be sheathed sheet materials NG;
- sections of external walls adjacent to a fire wall or partition, at least 4 m long from the top of the corner, must be of fire hazard class KO and have a fire resistance limit equal to the fire resistance limit of the fire wall or fire partition;"
In relation to our case, the questions are in the attached image.
2) SP 4.13130-2013, clause 7.16: “In buildings and structures with a roof slope of no more than 12 percent inclusive, height up to the eaves or top outer wall(parapet) more than 10 meters, as well as in buildings and structures with a roof slope of more than 12 percent, a height to the eaves of more than 7 meters, fencing should be provided on the roof in accordance with the requirements of this set of rules. Regardless of the height of the building, the specified fences should be provided for exploited flat roofs, balconies, loggias, external galleries, open external stairs, flights of stairs and sites."
SP 118.13330-2012, clause 6.43: “On the roof of buildings above 10 m, fencing should be provided in accordance with GOST 25772.”
How to resolve this contradiction, what document should we use as a guide?
Single-pitch non-operational roof of a two-story administrative building. The slope angle is more than 12%. The level of the lower overhang of the roof is below 7 meters, the level of the upper overhang is 10 meters.
Do we need to fence the roof in areas exceeding 7 meters, on the entire roof, or not at all?
Is the presence of walkways and safety rope attachment points an alternative to organizing fencing, or are these additional measures?
Answer to question #1
Clause 1 of Article 88 of the Technical Regulations on Requirements fire safety reads:
"1. Parts of buildings, structures, fire compartments, as well as premises of different functional fire hazard classes must be separated from each other by enclosing structures with standardized fire resistance limits and structural fire hazard classes or fire barriers. Requirements for such enclosing structures and types of fire barriers are established taking into account the functional fire hazard classes of the premises, the magnitude of the fire load, the degree of fire resistance and the class of structural fire hazard of the building, structure, fire compartment.”
In the presented plan, such a fire barrier is a fire wall of type 1, located along axis 17.
Paragraph 7 of Article 88 of the Technical Regulations on fire safety requirements states:
"7. The design of the junctions between fire walls and other walls of buildings and structures should exclude the possibility of fire spreading around these barriers.”
In development of this provision, clause 5.4.11 of SP 2.13130.2012 “Fire protection systems. Ensuring the fire resistance of protected objects" reads:
“5.4.11 Type 1 fire walls in buildings of structural fire hazard classes C1 - C3 must separate the external walls and protrude beyond the outer plane of the wall no less than 30 cm».
As can be seen from the presented plan, the requirement of clause 5.4.11 SP 2.13130.2012 is met, while the adjoining of one part of the building to another with the formation of an internal corner is not observed, therefore the provisions of clause 5.4.14 SP 2.13130.2012 (including in terms of requirements to eaves overhangs) do not apply to the part of the building plan in question (see figure below).
At the same time, I ask you to take into account the requirements for the installation of eaves overhangs on the roofs of buildings, set out in paragraph 5.4.5 of SP 2.13130.2012:
“...In buildings of classes C0, C1, the structures of cornices, lining of eaves overhangs of attic coverings should be made from materials NG, G1, or these elements should be sheathed with sheet materials of a flammability group of at least G1. For these structures, the use of flammable insulation is not allowed (with the exception of vapor barriers up to 2 mm thick) and they should not contribute to the hidden spread of fire.”
Answer to question No. 2
When deciding on the installation of a fence on the roof of the building in question, the following must be taken into account:
1. Clause 6.43 SP 118.13330.2012* “SP 118.13330.2012 “SNiP 31-06-2009 “Public buildings and structures”, regulating the installation of fencing "on the roof of buildings above 10 m", included in the List of national standards and codes of practice (parts of such standards and codes of practice), as a result of which, on a mandatory basis, compliance with the requirements of the Federal Law “Technical Regulations on the Safety of Buildings and Structures” is ensured.
2. The above limitation "on the roof of buildings above 10 m" it is set out in a clarifying form in paragraph 7.16 of SP 4.13130.2013 “SP 4.13130.2013 “Fire protection systems. Limiting the spread of fire at protection facilities. Requirements for space planning and constructive solutions"(the document is included in the "List of documents in the field of standardization, the use of which on a voluntary basis ensures compliance with the requirements of the Federal Law of July 22, 2008 No. 123-FZ "Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements"), which reads:
“7.16 In buildings and structures with a roof slope of no more than 12 percent inclusive, height to the cornice or top of the outer wall (parapet) more than 10 meters, as well as in buildings and structures with a roof slope of more than 12 percent, a height to the eaves of more than 7 meters, fencing should be provided on the roof in accordance with the requirements of this set of rules. Regardless of the height of the building, the specified fences should be provided for exploited flat roofs, balconies, loggias, external galleries, open external staircases, flights of stairs and landings.”
3. The requirements for installing fencing on the roofs of buildings are determined, first of all, by the need to ensure the preservation of the life and health of firefighters when extinguishing a fire.
From the totality of the requirements of the above regulatory documents it follows that for the object in question, the installation of a roof fencing:
a) It is mandatory in areas of the roof where the height of the building to the cornice or top of the outer wall (parapet) is more than 10 meters.
b) It is advisable - on roof areas with a slope of more than 12 percent and a height to the eaves of more than 7 meters, since failure to comply with the requirements of paragraph 7.16 of SP 4.13130.2013 must be justified by calculating the fire risk, in accordance with subparagraph 1 of paragraph 1 of Article 6 of the Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements, which reads:
“The fire safety of the protected object is considered ensured when one of the following conditions is met:...
- the fire safety requirements established by technical regulations adopted in accordance with Federal Law No. 184-FZ On Technical Regulation have been fully met, and the fire risk does not exceed the permissible values established by this Federal Law.”
Calculation of fire risk can be carried out by a specialized organization, taking into account the characteristics of a specific facility and the designed fire-fighting measures, in accordance with Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia No. 382 “Methodology for determining the estimated values of fire risk in buildings, structures and fire compartments of various classes of functional fire hazard.”
Answer to question number 3
Clause 4.8 SP 17.13330.2011 “Roofs”, included in the List of national standards and codes of practice (parts of such standards and codes of practice), as a result of which, on a mandatory basis, compliance with the requirements of the Federal Law “Technical Regulations on the Safety of Buildings and Structures” is ensured, states :
“4.8 The height of the roof railings is provided in accordance with the requirements
GOST 25772, SP 54.13330, SP 56.13330 and SNiP 31-06. When designing roofs, it is also necessary to provide for other special safety elements, which include hooks for hanging ladders, elements for fastening safety ropes, steps, footboards, stationary ladders and walkways, evacuation platforms, etc., as well as lightning protection elements for buildings.”
Accordingly, special safety elements are not an alternative to roof fencing, and the need for their use should be determined in the facility design assignment depending on design features roof and planned activities for its operation (more about special safety elements).
What should be the height of the fencing of the operating roof of an industrial building (equipment is located on the roof)?
The height of the building to the top of the roof parapet is about 12 m (depending on the height of the parapet). There is equipment on the roof, the elevation of the top of which (and the metal platform for maintenance) is +31.000.
1. According to GOST 25772-83 1.4: “Fencing of roofs in use must be made in accordance with the requirements for fencing of balconies.”
2. According to table 1 (balcony fencing type) and table 2 (fencing height):
Buildings up to 30 m high - BP - 1000 mm
Buildings with a height of St. 30 m - BV - 1100 mm
3. In accordance with clause 5.4.20 SP 1.13130.2009 “Fire protection systems. Evacuation routes and exits” (as amended on 12/09/2010), the height of balcony railings must be at least 1.2 m. This requirement applies only to buildings F1.3?
In accordance with clause 5.4.20 of section 5.4 "Multi-apartment residential buildings (F1.3)" SP 1.13130.2009 "Fire protection systems. Evacuation routes and exits" (as amended on 12/09/2010) in multi-apartment residential buildings (class F1 .3) the height of the railings of stairs, balconies, loggias, terraces, roofs and in places of dangerous differences must be at least 1.2 m.
Fences must be continuous, equipped with handrails and designed to withstand horizontal loads of at least 0.3 kN/m.
In accordance with clause 8.3 of SP 54.13330.2011 "Residential multi-apartment buildings. Updated edition of SNiP 31-01-2003" the height of the fences of external flights of stairs and landings, balconies, loggias, terraces, roofs and in places of dangerous differences must be at least 1, 2 m.
Accordingly, the requirements established by clause 5.4.20 SP 1.13130.2009, clause 8.3 SP 54.13330.2011 do not apply to industrial buildings (class F5).
In accordance with clause 7.16 SP 4.13130.2013 "Fire protection systems. Limiting the spread of fire at protection facilities. Requirements for space-planning and structural solutions" (as amended on July 18, 2013) in buildings and structures with a roof slope of no more than 12 percent inclusive, with a height to the cornice or top of the outer wall (parapet) of more than 10 meters, as well as in buildings and structures with a roof slope of more than 12 percent, with a height to the cornice of more than 7 meters, fencing should be provided on the roof in accordance with the requirements of this set of rules.
Regardless of the height of the building, the specified fences should be provided for exploited flat roofs, balconies, loggias, external galleries, open external staircases, flights of stairs and landings.
In accordance with clause 4.8 of SP 17.13330.2011 "Roofs. Updated edition of SNiP II-26-76", the height of roof fencing is provided in accordance with the requirements of GOST 25772, SP 54.13330, SP 56.13330 and SNiP 31-06. When designing roofs, it is also necessary to provide for other special safety elements, which include hooks for hanging ladders, elements for fastening safety ropes, steps, footboards, stationary ladders and walkways, evacuation platforms, etc., as well as elements for lightning protection of buildings.
In accordance with clause 5.33 of SP 56.13330.2011 "Industrial buildings. Updated edition of SNiP 31-03-2001" on roofs with a slope of up to 12% inclusive in buildings with a height to the cornice or top of the parapet of more than 10 m, as well as on roofs with a slope more than 12% in buildings with a height of more than 7 m to the bottom of the eaves, fencing should be provided in accordance with the requirements of the standards.
Regardless of the height of the building, fences that meet the requirements of this standard should be provided on roofs in use.
In accordance with clause 5.16 of SP 56.13330.2011, in buildings with internal drains, it is allowed to use a parapet as a fence on the roof. If the height of the parapet is less than 0.6 m, it should be supplemented with lattice fencing to a height of 0.6 m from the roof surface.
In accordance with clause 4.2 of GOST R 53254-2009 "Fire fighting equipment. External stationary fire ladders. Roof railings. General technical requirements. Test methods" the main dimensions of roof railings and the dimensions between their structural elements must correspond to the values given in the tables and drawings of Appendix "D" of GOST R 53254-2009.
In accordance with Appendix D of GOST R 53254-2009, the height of the roof fence without a parapet must be at least 600 mm from the roof level, the height of the roof fence with a parapet must be at least 600 mm - (minus) the height of the parapet from the roof level.
In accordance with clause 1.4 of GOST 25772-83 "Steel fencing for stairs, balconies and roofs. General technical conditions", fencing of operated roofs must be made in accordance with the requirements for balcony fencing.
GOST 25772-83 applies to all classes of buildings and structures, including industrial buildings (class F5 for functional fire hazard).
Exploitable roof: a roof specially equipped with a protective layer (working flooring) designed for people to stay on it, equipment, vehicles, etc. to be placed on it. (Appendix "B" SP 17.13330.2011).
Table 1 GOST 25772-83
Purpose of the fence | Type designation |
For balconies: | |
Buildings with a height of St. 30 m |
Table 2 GOST 25772-83
Most buildings (10 meters or more in height) have or should have roof barriers. In some cases, they are installed and operated with deviations from GOST requirements. Let us consider in detail in what cases the installation of fences is required, what technical requirements are imposed on them and how they should be operated.
The normative document establishing the requirements for roof railings is GOST R 53254-2009 "Fire fighting equipment. External stationary fire ladders. Roof railings. General technical requirements. Test methods."
Building roof fencing
There are two types of roof fencing - for a roof with a parapet (KP) and for a roof without a parapet (KO).
The need for roof fencing:
According to the requirements of regulatory documents, fencing must be provided for:
- buildings with a roof slope of up to 12% (6.8°) inclusive, with a height of more than 10 m to the cornice or top of the outer wall (parapet);
- buildings with a roof slope of more than 12% (6.8°) and a height to the eaves of more than 7 m;
- exploited flat roofs, balconies, loggias, external galleries, open external stairs, flights of stairs and platforms
Technical requirements:
Roof fencing structures must be manufactured in accordance with the requirements of GOST R 53254-2009, GOST 23118, GOST 23120, GOST 25772 and according to working drawings approved in the prescribed manner. They must be primed and painted in accordance with the requirements of GOST 9.032, coating class not lower than fifth.
The fencing elements must be securely attached to each other, and the structure as a whole must be securely attached to the roof of the building. Cracks and metal tears are not allowed.
Roof fences should not cross the exit to the roof from fire escape platforms.
Dimensions of roof railing elements
1. Without parapet.
2. With a parapet.
1- vertical enclosing element; 2- horizontal enclosing element
*not regulated
Operation of roof railings
Guardrails must be maintained in good condition and at least once a year it is necessary to conduct an inspection of their integrity and draw up a report based on the results of the inspection.
If violations of the integrity of the structure are detected, they are restored (repaired) followed by strength tests.
Tests and annual examination should be carried out by organizations having trained personnel, certified testing equipment and measuring instruments with the results of their verification.
Preparing for fire inspections
Fire safety audit
Profiled film where it is not used. This roofing material for roofs and wall coverings and accessories for various fences.
And all because of the low weight of this building material, it is original in appearance and can withstand heavy loads.
Right away we must determine that corrugated panel is a universal building material, which is not a thick galvanized sheet with an extruded recess (in the longitudinal direction).
These grooves can be rectangular, trapezoidal, or wavy. Production by Prof. The floors are made of high quality cylinder steel or galvanized cold rolled steel. The thickness of the steel sheet can be 0.5-0.9 mm and should not have a special coating.
All about roof railing
The most common method of using polymer substances. Read more...
Pipe profile
Pipe profiles are often used in various industries due to their reliability, durability and economy.
Therefore use steel pipes in world practice is growing every year, and their operation is increasingly focused on buildings and structures of large areas.
What are the pipe profiles? Pipes with cross sections that are very different from round pipe. Steel pipes of this type consists of various cross-sectional shapes that are known: oval and square pipes, ribbed, flat oval or rectangular pipes, as well as segmented, faceted (3, 6, 8 surfaces), teardrop and others.
Material from which they are made profile pipes, - low-carbon and carbon steel. Read more...
profiled
Profiler is the name of a building material. Its volume cannot be measured at all - this building material is used in both construction and industrial construction.
Why do many consumers choose to buy profiled sheet metal rather than other roofing and wall materials? The answer is simple - a profiled sheet can combine all the advantages and properties of excellent building materials. In addition, its price is much more affordable for the average consumer, and its volume is not limited to zero. Because corrugated sheet has a very cold climate, it is hot, easy to install and can be time consuming.
But at this moment more attention will be paid to the topic, for example, setting up a fence from a profile. Read more...
fittings
Reinforcement is a complex of parts and devices that are connected together and used in concrete in the production of various reinforced concrete structures. All elements of this assembly are not major parts of structures or structures, but support their continuous operation.
Basically, these are steel rods that are connected together in reinforced concrete structures. There are several types of element combinations.
The first is a gas pipeline. It is used for gas, water, industrial products.
In electrical networks, ammunition, shields and sockets act as reinforcements. The third is the oven. It is a series of different metal furnace parts and is used in metallurgical furnaces. In addition, the fittings are arranged in accordance with the purpose, conditions of use, and occupied by the construction of the building. Read more...
The roof of a large building consists not only of a roof, but also has many additional elements. The more complex the roof structure, the more counter connections it has with additional structures - nodes. When installing roofs, they must be carefully arranged and sealed. This will avoid leaks during operation.
A fence on the roof will ensure her safety during work and movement.
Roof safety guard structures
Roof fencing is an important part of the roof structure, which ensures the safe operation of the roof and the possibility of high-quality maintenance.
The mandatory presence of fencing devices on the roofs of buildings with a height of more than 10 m is stipulated in the regulatory documents in force in the construction industry.
Instructions for installing roof fencing.
Each type of roof (pitched and flat) has its own standards for installing fences.
They are described in SNiPs and taken into account at the design stage. For a metal fencing structure, the following approximate fencing dimensions are recommended:
- support height - 70 cm;
- the distance of the supports from the cornice is at least 35 cm;
- the interval between supports is 90-120 cm.
Standard type fencing devices have the form of a prefabricated structure.
They consist of vertical supports and horizontal crossbars, rigidly fastened to the roof and to each other. The supports are made from a corner bent in the shape of a triangle. Horizontal crossbars can be made of steel pipes 3 m long. They are installed in the supports through special holes and secured with bolts (upper - M10x35, bottom - M8x55).
The holes in the ends of the pipes are closed with polyethylene plugs.
Designs, types and features of roof fencing
Galvanized and stainless steel are used as materials for the manufacture of roof fencing.
On inversion roofs, operated in the summer, are equipped with solid reinforced concrete fences - parapets. On these types of roofs they are installed regardless of the number of floors. The normalized height of the lattice fencing in this case is reduced by the height of the parapet.
Roof fences such as snow guards are divided into tubular and bent metal sheets.
Their fastening is carried out using the same technology as that of fencing.
Types of roof fastening units with fencing
Roof fencing fastening diagram.
The connection of the supports of the enclosing structures with the roof surface requires special attention during installation; the safety of the roof depends on its strength.
The installation of junction points is planned in advance at the stage of roof installation. Special embedded elements are installed under the waterproofing layer or special structures are constructed and then an additional waterproofing layer is applied.
The vertical metal post of the triangular support carries the functional load, the horizontal one creates a unit for attaching the structure to the roof.
The diagonal strip ensures the rigidity of the fence. The support is aligned in accordance with the roof slope and secured with bolts. The unit is fastened to the roof beam using three galvanized M8x60 screws and rubber gaskets.
The fastening points of the safety fence to the roof structures must be as reliable as possible and exclude the possibility of self-loosening of the fasteners.
The sheathing underneath is continuous.
When using universal brackets, the position of the mounting unit is adjusted according to the roof slope. The interval between the brackets is equal to the pitch of the rafters. Fastening points are covered silicone sealants. Special plugs are applied to the areas of the roof adjacent to the fasteners.
Some companies produce roof railings with mounting kits for various types roofing: seam, with natural and metal tiles, from corrugated sheets, bitumen, etc.
d. Custom-made fences are also manufactured that are in harmony with the appearance of the roof and the building as a whole. Supplied with protective elements and sealing washers. When screwing in the screw, the spacer washers are deformed and tightly fill the drilled holes in the material.
On a metal tile or seam roof, the fastening units are mounted at the lowest point of the wave in the support beam.
Fences can also be mounted on coverings made of sandwich panels and profiled sheets of grades H114, H75, H60. Upon completion of installation, all connection areas must be sealed.
All joints between the roof and fastening elements are carefully coated with cold bituminous mastics or compounds with the addition of fibrous fillers.
To install the safety structure on a seam roof, a fastening clamp is also used.
At the same time, the integrity and tightness of folded paintings is not compromised.
On asbestos-cement roofs, to securely fix the supports on the crests of the waves of the eaves row of sheets, bent steel plates 5 mm thick are installed.
They are secured with screws and nuts through a wooden spacer. Under the purlin, half-meter-long corners are welded to the plates and fencing posts are already welded to them. The racks are prepared from reinforcing steel Ø16 mm.
Upon completion of installation of the fencing structures, special tests of the strength of the fencing fastening points are carried out.
In European countries, without the construction of safety structures on the roofs of buildings and their testing, house construction cannot be insured.
When often required Maintenance home to climb to the roof. In order to remain more or less safe on it, it is necessary that the height of the roof fence and the fence downwards in terms of reliability comply with legal standards. Dimensions and basic requirements set out in the relevant parts of the current GOST 25772-83, which, in turn, is connected to SNIP 06/31/2009, relating to public buildings and SNP 01.31.2003, in relation to high-rise buildings.
Purpose of the fence
A roof fence is a metal structure installed continuously around the entire perimeter of the roof or just along the roof.
It consists of:
- supports - hollow pipes or profiles;
- horizontal long elements - rods;
- universal supports ensuring spatial verticality of the body;
- Fasteners are designed to secure posts to a roof or roof.
If the height of the house exceeds 10 meters, in any case it is necessary to install a roof fence, SNiP and at the same time mention tiles.
For them, the height of the ground is determined not by the upper, longitudinal ridge, but by the breakage of the scissor structure. In some cases, the standards require the installation of barriers for barriers with snow elements 150 mm high.
Roof rails ensure the safe presence of people on the roof, lifting onto it to make repairs and coverings, fire, snow removal, chimney cleaning, installing an antenna, etc. Prevents falls from heights and helps people move onto the roof and ran the fence.
To make it easier to walk on sloping roofs, walkover bridges are located along the entire length of the roof railing.
For fenced roofs, the fence is both a protection and a decorative element.
The developed design allows tourists to enjoy a panoramic view of the metropolis or the surrounding natural landscapes without fear of tragic consequences with an accidental loss of balance.
The solutions in this case are more elegant, but no less reliable than conventional unused roof enclosures. But in any case, the design of the fence must match the entire architecture of the house.
Regulatory Requirements
How high the roof is, GOST provides:
- for unused roofs - at least 600 mm;
- for the operation of roofs - depending on the height of the building.
If it does not exceed 30 meters, top level the fence rises above the roof level by 1000 mm or more, and if the structure is higher - at least 1100 mm.
In the first case, it is assumed that the column rod is in the range of 1200 mm and the distance between horizontal passages is 300 mm. In the second case, the standards require the addition of vertical elements to the fence, which is equipped with a maximum diameter of 110 mm.
Similar requirements apply to balconies.
In the case of roof parapets, the height of the roof protection is reduced by the height of the difference between the roof levels and top part concrete or brick barrier.
If the parapet has a standard height, the need for its construction disappears on its own.
Requirements for building coatings
But such examples in modern construction are rare, since additional “growth” on the walls, with the exception of an increase in the constant load on the foundation, does not give anything.
The standard designates roof rails:
- KO - without parapets;
- KP - with a section of parapets along the perimeter of the roof.
When marking products, the length and height of the fence in decimeters, the GOST number and the possibility of filling the frame are also indicated:
- P, with vertical and horizontal elements only;
- E - screen, with sheet materials covering the main frame;
- K - total, with partially closed areas.
An example of the designation of a roof grille without a fence 3 meters long and 0.6 meters high is as follows:
However, regardless of the size of the metal barrier, it is subject to general requirement detection of horizontal forces.
According to SNiP 2.01.07-85 *, under the influence of loads of less than 300 N per meter of structure, the fence must remain motionless.
Statistically, welded metal frames provide the most security, but there are fences on the market that are made up of connecting crabs and fasteners. To attach the railing to the roof members, we need special fasteners and to install screen inserts that are not included with the roof railing, normal hardware.
The durability of metal elements is ensured by high-quality paint or anti-corrosion coating used in a production environment - galvanization, composite, etc.
Without appropriate initial and subsequent routine surface treatment, aggressive environmental effects can quickly lead to rust.
To avoid problems, your roof roof should be inspected every five years. It is necessary to check the integrity of the structure, stability of position and reliability of fastening elements, various defects in the protective layer, etc.
It is advisable to have problematic fences tested by energy experts who have the appropriate test equipment.
Rules for receiving finished products
Metal roof rails, the height of which is 600 mm or more, undergo the procedure by representatives of the technical control department production company according to the production process.
A batch may contain products of only one brand in quantities not exceeding 200 pieces. For quality control, 5-10 units of products are selected. The review is carried out on several parameters, and if at least one of them is not satisfactory, it determines additional checks and measurements for work in parts.
They are controlled:
- appearance;
- high-quality protective coating;
- linear dimensions;
- welds;
- deviations from perpendicularity and straightness;
- correct labeling.
Roof rails are designed to ensure safety during transportation and storage.
Packaging must protect products from accidental mechanical damage protective coating. The weight of one package should not exceed three tons. It contains elements with the same height.
31.5.2016 at 16:05
Roof- the upper insulating and enclosing part of the building, which serves to protect the building from adverse environmental influences. It consists of a waterproofing layer and a base (lathing, continuous flooring), laid on the load-bearing structures of the roof.
The roof consists of load-bearing and enclosing structures.
The enclosing structures are the roof and gable/gable. The supporting structure is the rafter system.
Attic- this is the space between the surface of the covering (roof), the external walls and the ceiling of the upper floor.
Scat- edge, inclined surface of the roof.
Slope- an indicator of the steepness of the roof, determined in three ways: in degrees of the angle between the roof slope and the ceiling of the upper floor; in percent - the ratio of the roof height (H) to the projection of the roof slope onto the upper floor (L), multiplied by 100 = (H/L)⋅100; in proportions (H:L).
Pitched roof- a roof with a slope of more than 6° (10%).
With a smaller bias is called - flat roof.
Mezzanine- a small-height superstructure above a part, usually the central one, of a low-rise residential building, having its own roof, rising above the common one.
Dormer windows- openings for lighting and ventilation of attic spaces, as well as for access to the roof.
Types of roofs by geometry
Performance characteristics
According to operational characteristics:
- the roof can have a non-residential attic and a residential one (attic);
- exploited roof and not exploited.
Attic(attic floor) - residential attic.
The attic can be uninsulated (only the roof of the upper floor is insulated) or insulated (the roof slopes are insulated).
The roof is in use- flat roof, used both for its intended purpose and for other operational purposes: recreation area, sports ground, lawn, etc.
Roof enclosing structures
Roof- the upper fence (shell) of the roof, directly exposed to atmospheric influences.
Protects the building from penetration of atmospheric precipitation.
Gable- the end part of the roof, part of the facade of the building, the enclosing structure between the roof slopes. Serves to create an enclosed space under the roof (attic) and to protect it from adverse environmental influences.
The pediment is separated from the bottom of the wall by cornices and is usually made of a different material than the wall, for example, a wall made of timber or brick, or a pediment made of boards.
Tong (wimperg)- the top of the end wall of a building, which has an acute-angled shape and is located between two roof slopes, but, unlike the pediment, the gable is not separated from the wall by a cornice and forms a single plane with the facade and is made of the same material.
If we compare a gable with a pediment, the difference will be in the absence of a cornice that visually separates the wall and the pediment, and the material of the pediment may differ from the material of the wall.
Visor- a mini roof, which is located above the end walls under the gables and serves to protect the walls from atmospheric moisture.
Eaves- the outer strip of the roof slope protruding beyond the line of the wall.
Serves to prevent precipitation from entering the walls and is at least 75-80 cm.
Height of roof fencing - regulatory requirements, acceptance rules
The roof overhang is divided into gable and cornice.
Roof cornice- this is a structure consisting of a roof overhang and its closing part at the bottom and side. The cornice differs from the overhang in that it completely covers all elements of the rafter structure extending beyond the line of the walls. The cornice protects not only from precipitation, but also prevents the penetration of dampness and various living creatures into the attic and into the under-roof space.
Eaves can be not only completely part of the roof, but also part of the wall. The cornice surrounding the entire perimeter of the wall is called - crown cornice. For example, when the roof eaves transition into a canopy that separates the pediment from the wall. Soffit- hemmed cornice board.
Roof elements
Horse- the uppermost element of the roof in the form of a corner, which serves to close the joint of the roof slopes.
Hip- a triangular slope of a 4-pitch roof, located at the end of the house, covered with a sharp end on top.
Half hip- a hip, the length of which is shortened along the slope from the side of the roof ridge or from the side of the building's end.
Endova (gutter)- an internal corner of the roof in the form of a gutter, formed by the connection of two slopes.
Ridge (rib)- the line of intersection of two slopes forming an external corner.
Products- ventilation holes in the pitched roof.
Aerators- vents for flat roofs, mechanical devices for ventilation in the layers of the entire pie of flat roofs.
Must be used when installing a new carpet over an old one.
fillet- a transitional edge from the base of a flat roof to the abutment, usually arranged at an angle of 45° to smooth out the mating angles.
Leaning- installation of screeds on a flat roof, giving the roof small slopes and the formation of ridges and valleys.
Roofing films— used to protect thermal insulation and load-bearing structures of the roof from moisture.
Basic waterproofing (or roofing) carpet- layers roll materials or layers of mastics reinforced with glass or synthetic materials, sequentially applied along the base under the roof.
Ballast system— fastening system soft roof on flat roofs with high load-bearing capacity, as well as in used roofs.
It is affordable, easy to use and does not damage the main waterproofing carpet, and in addition, provides additional protection from mechanical damage and ultraviolet rays.
Collar— protective edging of protruding roof elements with roofing iron.
Kapelnik- an element of the steel covering of parapets and firewall walls in the form of a downward curved edge.
Gutter- an element of a pitched roof with an external drain, designed to collect water and forcefully discharge it into drainpipe atmospheric water.
Drainpipe- a pipe used to drain water.
Load-bearing roof structures
Rafter system- a structure consisting of rafters and other elements that perceives and resists all types of loads and transfers them to the walls of the building.
Consists of roof trusses.
Farm- a structure made of beams or rods fastened together.
Rafter(rafter leg) - element roof truss, which absorbs all types of loads and transfers them to the walls and the upper floor of the building, serving as a support for the roof.
The lower end rests against the wall, and the upper end connects at an angle with the opposite rafter leg.
Sloping rafters- have emphasis at the ends and the middle part (at one or more points).
Hanging rafters- resting in the lower part on a tie or mauerlat and in the upper ridge part resting on each other or on the ridge girder (without intermediate supports).
Horse- the upper horizontal edge of the roof connecting the trusses.
Skate fight- a piece of board/plywood or metal trim connecting the rafters at the ridge.
Mauerlat- a beam located along the perimeter of the wall, on which the lower ends of the inclined rafters rest.
Mawelat allows you to distribute the concentrated load from the rafters over the entire section of the wall.
Rack- a piece of board/beam resting on a tie and supporting the rafter leg, serves to unload the rafters and to organize the walls of the attic.
Grandma- a central post that rests on the ridge.
Strut- stand at an angle.
Rigel- a piece of board connecting the rafter legs to each other.
Serves to increase the rigidity of the rafter truss and prevents the rafter legs from moving apart.
Puff— a log/timber/board connects the rafter legs to each other. It differs from the crossbar in that the tightening rests on the mauerlat and the bench.
filly- a piece of board that extends the rafter leg to organize the roof overhang.
Slightly— guide for natural tiles.
Roof base- the surface on which the roofing covering is laid.
Usually performed in the form of sheathing or continuous flooring.
Lathing- roofing decking made of boards or bars, attached to the rafters and serving as the basis for the roofing.
The sheathing takes up the entire weight load from the roof and transfers it to the rafter system through the counter-lattice and rough decking.
Countergrid— bars with a minimum cross-section of 30×50 mm, located under the sheathing, perpendicular to it and providing ventilation of the under-roof space and serving to secure the waterproofing film.
Rough flooring- flooring made of boards, chipboard, fiberboard or other types of slabs that are nailed directly to rafter system and serves as the basis for waterproofing material and a base for attaching the counter-lattice.
Obreshetina- a sheathing element, which is made from wooden blocks, slats or slats made of coniferous species (without wane and passing knots) of at least second grade, on which the tiles are laid.
The minimum cross-section of the bar is 30×50 mm.
Using the ladder, each of us at the subconscious level, we are trying to find a handle on which you can rely and feel more confident. For this reason, it is important that the height of the ladder corresponds to optimal parameters and that the grip itself must be properly shaped. Many masters who build a staircase ignore this shade and at the same time make a big mistake.
In this article we will look at all the details of staircase fencing design and how to make fences different types.
When designing a staircase project, it is necessary to take into account not only the problem of design and comfort, but also existing regulations.
When it comes to stair railings, you should refer to the following groups of rules:
Often, in their professional activities, builders are guided by other regulations, but it is enough for us to limit ourselves to these two basic documents.
SP 17.13330.2011 Roofing work. Updated version SNiP II-26-76
Of course, this only applies to those cases where we are dealing with the placement of objects for personal use. In cases where the work is carried out to order, there is no need to coordinate all design elements not only with the customer organization, but also with the supervisory authorities.
So let's think about the information from the labeling rules.
The height of the fence plays a very important role.
This parameter must comply with GOST, not only because this violation may be punishable by fines, but also because it is simply inappropriate to use a ladder with too high or low a probability of decline and keep it growing significantly.
There are also rules for the manufacture of wall levers, which are designed to facilitate the descent and ascent of stairs:
The distance between the grip and the wall must be at least 4 centimeters.
Typically the standard distance from the center of the stick is 7.5 cm.
Other elements of staircases
In addition to the requirements for fences and fences, there are many standards for the performance of other elements in the design stages:
The most suitable gradient is 1:1.25.
Various options for internal stairs allow you to install them at different angles from 20 to 45 degrees.
The size of steps at the same distance should be the same size.
The maximum deviation from the specified value cannot exceed 5 mm in the vertical and horizontal planes.
We must know that this rule does not apply to the first phase, which can be slightly closed in the floors.
- The maximum number of steps in one staircase should not exceed 18.
Standards regarding stage sizes:
- The step height can vary from 12.5 to 21 cm.
- The step width should be between 21 and 35.5 cm.
- If the staircase is expected to be curved, then the sharpest part of the degrees can be at least 15 cm wide, and in the central part - at least 20 centimeters.
Staircases must be designed in such a way that the doors located on them can be opened and closed.
Methods for making different types of handles.
Wooden staircase fences
It is not easy to know the dimensions of each structural element for installing stair railings. To make a staircase with your own hands, you should first consider how to make different materials.
Let's start with the simplest material to work with - wood:
Wooden handles consist of three parts.
This type of structure includes support columns, balusters and handrails.
Both coniferous and deciduous trees are used as material for their production. Of course, the most suitable materials for this purpose are cedar, larch or oak, but the price, pine, alder or birch are more attractive.
Without a special woodworking machine, it will be impossible to independently produce boxes for wooden rails.
And the process itself can take very long and hard work.
For this reason, it is not difficult to think about purchasing ready-made components.
By the way, the well-known phraseology “sharpening hair” only means the process of grinding the baluster, and this means wasting time.
— Before assembly, the final workpieces must be treated with a special composition that prevents the growth of microorganisms and varnishes.
Possible examples where varnish treatment is carried out after the structure has been installed.
Direct installation of the frame is carried out after installing all other parts of the staircase:
— At the bottom and top of the stairs, carriers are placed in the form of supports.
It is best to use anchor bolts as anchors.
— Pull the cord between the brackets to the required height, which should not be lower than 90 centimeters.
- Then there are balusters. They are installed on the stairs so that the distance between them does not exceed 20 centimeters. Exceeding this value can be expected with subsequent problems with the restoration of the child's lost head.
— For fastening balusters, self-tapping screws are suitable, which are screwed to the base on the wrong side of the step.
A type of fastening called "tip-on" will be more labor intensive, but also stronger and more reliable.
— The focus on the tight lace on the balusters placed the markings at the cutting level.
Additional parts of the columns are cut off and then the attachment is attached to them.
The end of the fence must be secured to support posts or left free. With the second version of the fastening, the projected part of the handrail should not exceed 30 centimeters.
Metal fences
Metal railings are highly durable and reliable.
At the same time, their production costs, as well as the complexity of their operation, often hinder their installation. However, you can install metal fence on one's own.
Pipe profiles can be used as building materials:
- This method of fastening metal rails is most often used when installing external stairs.
- The staircase itself can be made of metal, concrete, brick or stone.
In the case of brick or stone structures It is important to ensure that pre-assembled plates are installed in the areas where the handles are installed.
- Installation begins with the installation of racks. Cut the profiled pipes into 5x5 centimeters and cut them into mortgages.
If the embeds are located at the top of the stage, a special carrier should be used for assembly.
- Using a support rod (pipes or ferrous metal strips of the required thickness), it is necessary to connect the upper parts of the supports.
- In addition to the filling between the bearings, the welded pipes are 2x2 cm.
You can place them in any position depending on your desire.
- Profile pipes can be replaced with fake round or square rods, but this significantly increases the cost of stair railing.
Once welding is complete, the structure must be properly cleaned and painted. A wooden or plastic fence must be installed on top of the cart.
Prefabricated stair railings with glass filling
Currently, glass is used in interior design.
For this reason, a glass fence does not surprise anyone.
To install such a stair fence, you should order special triplets or heat-resistant glass panels. If you use regular thick glass for these purposes, the design is too fragile, even if you use protective elements.
How to assemble a glass fence?
- Firstly, support rods must be installed on stairs and ladders, the height and spacing between them must comply with accepted standards.
— It supports fastening with anchor bolts, preferably using at least three parts.
— The fastening elements are attached to the brackets in the form of a pointing with polymer inserts.
— Insert the damaged glass into the fasteners.
— Through glass, adhesion with special leads expands.
In such cases, the handrail function is most often performed using nickel-plated steel tubing. The end of the frame is closed with caps.
Despite its external fragility, a special glass partition is stronger than a wooden fence.
We suspect
When constructing and installing internal stages, it is necessary to pay special attention to the nuances and build all work on the basis of regulatory documents.
This applies to parameters such as the height of the fencing ladder, the size of the ladder and the structural characteristics of the handrails - in addition to the requirements of GOST and SNiP, the safety of the entire structure also depends.
The article was prepared in collaboration with the company “Style of the Century” - production of stairs.
Website http://www.stil-veka.ru.
It is very important to observe all safety measures when erecting fences on the roof of buildings. For this, there are certain rules and standards that must be observed.
However, the construction of fencing structures in accordance with GOST and SNiPs is rare, since many builders do not even have the slightest idea about the standards.
Dividing roofs into types
Looking at the roofs of different buildings, you can notice one feature - they often differ from each other.
That is why there is a clear division into two groups, which are also divided into subgroups.
- The first group includes a flat roof. This type of roof should not cause any difficulties in constructing fences.
- But the second group - pitched roofing - can cause more difficulties than it seems. In this case, roof fencing standards should be applied to several subgroups separately.
The first subgroup is fencing for single or gable (hatched) roofs, the second is mansard, where the roof angle is quite high. The third subgroup includes multi-gable roofing, where the installation of fences requires individual calculations.
All roofs should also be divided into used and unused. This factor also affects the installation of fences.
Operated roof
Let's talk about the features of roofs that are constantly used by people for various purposes: installing equipment, carrying out repair work, removing snow and much more.
Referring to SNiP 21 01 97, it is worth noting that roof fencing must be installed on any building whose height is more than 10 meters. It is also said that the angle of inclination of the roof, in this case, is no more than 12%.
Note!
For buildings with 12% or more, a separate rule is provided - their height is taken into account from 7 meters.It is also worth noting that roof railings are installed in accordance with GOST 25772-83 “Steel railings for stairs, balconies and roofs”.
Features of the interpretation of these standards:
- The height of the roof fencing according to SNiP depends on the total height of the building. At objects with a total height of up to 30 meters, it is permissible to install barriers with dimensions of 1100 mm or more. On objects of 30 meters or more, structures must be at least 1200 mm.
- If the fence is installed on an existing parapet, then the dimensions of the parapet should be subtracted from the total dimensions.
- The subtleties of GOST also apply to the frame manufacturing process. So the distance between horizontal posts should be no more than 300 mm. For vertical elements the rule is even stricter - no more than 100 mm.
For your information!
A roof fencing is also provided - GOST 25772 83, using special heavy-duty glass, which is installed as a hanging screen.
Unused roof
The main feature of this section is the absence of strict requirements, since there is no provision for people to go onto the roof. But we should not forget about emergency situations, when the use of a roof is simply necessary, this is connected not only with the performance of the equipment, but also with human lives.
Therefore, special bridges and ladders are installed on unused roofs to prevent a person from falling. They are manufactured taking into account the correct distribution of the entire body weight on the surface of the flooring.
In this case, all the requirements of SNiP 21 01 97 remain the same, but for the installation of roof fencing, GOST 25772 83 makes some changes:
- The minimum height of the barrier for any type of building and regardless of the number of storeys must be at least 600 mm.
- The distance between vertical and horizontal structural elements cannot be made more than 300 mm.
Important!
It should be remembered that violation of GOSTs can lead to adverse consequences, where a financial fine is not the worst thing that can happen.Once you have read the information above, you can move on to the next section, which describes all the options.
Roofing materials
- The cheapest and most affordable option is considered to be products made from ordinary metal.. They are coated with special means that increase the protection of the material from negative atmospheric influences. For this, the powder coating method is used, which gives increased fixation to the surface layer.
- But if price in this matter is not the most important criterion, then you should give preference to stainless steel. The material does not require any additional processing; its structure is resistant to all negative influences.
Stainless steel is a guarantee of durability and reliability. In addition, it can be used for re-installation- Various glass products are also used for roof railings, which make it possible to give the building the most attractive appearance.
Unfortunately, it is unlikely that you will be able to install such structures yourself; this requires a special tool. This factor increases the cost of barriers several times.Note!
Also, plastic mesh can be used to fence the roof for fencing sports fields.
High-quality material easily tolerates severe frosts, is resistant to humidity and is not afraid of ultraviolet rays.
At the same time, it significantly increases safety on operating roofs.
Such nets are suitable for both temporary use and everyday use.Whatever option you choose, you should remember that the basis of everything is reliability and durability.
Technical requirements
To erect a roof fence in accordance with GOST, you should, following the rules, perform the following actions:
- Roof railings should not be highlighted against the background of the entire building. They should advise standard colors, harmonize in design and not attract undue attention.
Important!
It is prohibited to attach or install any products of any nature on roof railings.
- The design must be made of high quality materials. Moreover, you should check the documentary component of the organization that provides the fencing.
For this there is a special GOST - 23118, and there is also SNiP III-18, which provides rules for the manufacture of welded structures.- It is equally important that all installation work is carried out by specialized companies that have permission and licenses to do so. It would also be useful to have a professional tool to speed up the installation process.
- Roof fencing GOST 25772 83 for children's institutions should not have any inclined intermediate elements.
- It is important to take into account all the dimensions of barriers that are installed on roofs in accordance with the above rules. Please note that the size of the fence directly depends on the number of storeys of the building.
For your information!
As for additional safety, it is necessary to install walkways and shallow stairs on pitched roofs.
This allows employees of specialized organizations to spend less effort on carrying out work, installing equipment and clearing snow.Checking the quality and integrity of fences
In order to comply with all GOSTs and SNiPs, it is important not only the installation and operation process itself, but also the process of mandatory verification (see the article about for more details). It is necessary to identify flaws, inconsistencies and defects.
The verification test instructions are described below:
- The first step is a visual inspection of the fences. This process must be carried out once or twice a year, as well as after stormy winds and heavy snowfalls.
It allows you to make sure that the structure is not damaged. Pay attention to: fastening points and welded elements.- After that, you should start testing the load. It is very important to understand that this process should be trusted only to specialized organizations that have access and permission to carry out work.
In any case, do not forget to protect the object of inspection with warning signs.For your information!
For such cases, there is a rental of fencing for construction sites; cheap fences allow you to save both time and money on construction. In addition, the companies that provide these products will help you install them.
- If all the fences have been successfully tested, and no defects or flaws were identified after testing, you should begin filling out the documents.
This process is also carried out by the testing company, after which you must sign and agree or disagree with the test report.
Having received the corresponding document in hand, it is necessary to keep it for five years - that is when the next check is carried out. It is usually used to verify tests, as well as to identify oversights and violations of rules. In any case, it is of particular importance to the inspection organization.
Existing types of fencing
It should be noted that according to the standards, fencing on the roof can be of several types:
- The simplest and most affordable option is. Such products are usually made from class A1 reinforcement, with a thickness of at least 4 mm.
A metal corner is also used as the basis of the frame and metal strips as connecting elements. You can see it visually in the photo below.
- An expensive option is plexiglass screens, which are fixed in a metal frame. The cost of this type is much higher, but appearance he beats the rest. Plexiglas can be covered with a protective tinted film, thereby making the fence more attractive.
- Reinforced concrete blind parapet - this option is practiced on inversion roofs, and is installed around the perimeter. As we wrote earlier, parapets can be combined with metal fences, taking into account the dimensions, as a whole.
Note!
Do not forget that the roof is installed not for beauty, but for safety.What is metal fencing made of?
Another useful section in which we will look at all the elements of the roof fencing:
- The basis is support posts, which are made from metal pipes or profile metal. This element is responsible for the strength of the entire structure, so it must be checked before installation begins.
- Horizontal crossbars - reinforcement bars of suitable diameters are used (from 4 to 8 mm)
- Fastening elements – brackets and metal corners. It is with the help of them that fences can be installed at any angle and on any surface.
- We must not forget about nuts, bolts, washers and screws. In some cases, anchors are used, as well as welding and gluing.
Conclusion
Now you know how roof fencing is carried out in accordance with GOST and in accordance with SNiP 21 01 97. All rules and requirements comply with the standards, so after reading this article, you will receive answers to all your questions. The main thing to remember is that failure to comply with the rules can lead to adverse consequences.
In the video presented in this article you will find additional information on this topic.
Any type of work related to fencing on the roofs of residential buildings and industrial buildings, must be carried out in compliance with safety regulations. The list of requirements and standards is documented, so they must be strictly followed by developers.
Even if the main construction is carried out by teams based on some technologies, then they may not comply with the fencing standards on the roof, and in particular GOST and SNiP, at all, which is explained by the low information coverage of this issue on the part of builders.
Species diversity of roof structures
Often, one can observe strong differences in the designs of several buildings of the same type. This is due to the fact that in construction practice, roofing schemes are used in two groups, which are also divided into several subgroups. The first group includes a flat roof. Such a roof, as a rule, does not cause any particular difficulties in terms of constructing enclosing elements. Fencing flat roof can be done fairly quickly.
The second group includes roofs with a slope, which, due to the design features, are subject to increased requirements, and the installation of fences on them is carried out depending on the subgroup to which this enclosing element belongs.
The first subgroup includes elements for single- or gable (hatched) roofs. A feature of the third subgroup is considered to be a fairly high roof slope angle, which is typical for attics, which is why the fences are called attic. The third subgroup includes multi-gable roofing, which requires individual calculations when installing enclosing structures.
According to another classification, all roofs can be conditionally classified as exploitable or non-operational. The considered requirements for roof fencing also take into account the presence of this factor.
Features of the roof in use
SNiP 01.21.97 states that the installation of a roof fence is mandatory if the height of the building exceeds 10 meters. The tilt parameters are also indicated here. roof slope– up to 12 degrees. Roofs with a slope of more than 12 degrees are considered separately, since the height of such buildings from 7 meters is taken into account.
Interpretation of the requirements indicated in the documents
- Firstly, SNiP indicates that the fence must be installed of a certain size, according to the height of the building. If the height of the object does not exceed 30 m, then the barrier must be at least 110 cm; if the object exceeds 30 m, the structure is built to at least 120 cm.
- Secondly, if there are parapets, the fences can be fixed directly to them, and in this case, it is added to.
- Thirdly, the roof fencing must be complied with already at the manufacturing stages. Thus, horizontal racks can be located no further than 30 cm; even higher requirements are imposed on vertical elements - up to 10 cm.
The roof can have a glass fence as a curtain screen, for which a special heavy-duty material is used.
Features of an unused roof
Since such roofs do not allow people to go out on them, in this case there are no strict requirements for their arrangement. However, despite this, often during emergency situations there is a need to use a roof in order to improve the functionality of devices, as well as to save people. In this regard, several special bridges and ladders are installed on unused roofs, which, if necessary, will become a support for people. Their production technology involves creating a flooring of such a shape that the load exerted by a person’s weight is evenly distributed on its surface.
Taking into account such requirements, the SNP roof fencing must be completed in full, and several changes are made to GOST:
- fences for all types of buildings, regardless of the number of floors in it, are allowed only with a height of 600 mm;
- vertical and horizontal elements are fastened at intervals not exceeding 300 mm.
Failure to comply with the requirements presented in GOST will not only lead to a large fine issued by the relevant authorities, but is also fraught with more dire consequences for people.
Above, information was provided regarding the structural features of enclosing elements; further, the technology for their manufacture will be considered.
What are fencing made of?
In construction practice, there are cases of using even plastic meshes, which, as a rule, are used to protect sports grounds. The high quality of the material allows it to withstand severe frost, high humidity and ultraviolet radiation, and also create the possibility of safe operation of the roof. The use of such nets is observed both as a permanent fence and as a temporary structure.
Regardless of what kind of roof fencing - its series may even differ - is chosen, it must be reliable and durable.
List of technical requirements
The construction of a roof fence in accordance with GOST involves the following actions:
The need to check the integrity of enclosing elements
Customers installing roof fencing - their standards are specified in GOST and SNiP - must pay attention not only to the procedure for their installation and further use, but also to performing mandatory checks, based on the results of which certificates are drawn up. The purpose of this work is to identify possible flaws, inconsistencies and structural defects.