How to make a gable half-hip roof of a house with your own hands. Semi-hip mansard roof Semi-hip roof structure

Half-hip roofs are highly resistant to strong winds due to the fact that they do not have sharp corners in their design. At the same time, they are characterized by an attractive appearance from an architectural point of view.

If you plan to simultaneously get a roofing system that is reliable in operation and has spacious attic room, pay attention to the half-hipped gable roofs (see photo). The design of their rafter system will protect your home from severe wind loads, as well as from the effects of various precipitation. These advantages have led to the demand for half-hip roofing solutions among owners of private houses.

A feature of any half-hip structure, which is noticeable even to non-professionals, is the presence of a pediment with a trapezoidal shape. The roof hips are adjacent to this trapezoid, providing the entire system with a recognizable and very elegant appearance. In addition, the photos provided show that at the ends there is such gable system necessarily has overhangs, the parameters of which may be different.

Half hip roof structure

For areas with relatively mild climatic conditions, the overhangs of half-hip roofs are made pronounced, and the slope of the slopes is made relatively small. For areas where winters “delight” people with noticeable winds and a lot of snow, the overhangs are smaller and the slopes are really steep.

A gable semi-hipped roof is installed more often when a person plans to get a comfortable attic in place of an unused and uninhabited attic space.

Floor rafter system hip roof

Also given rafter system suitable for additional strengthening of high gables of buildings with a low level of stability. In this case, its installation guarantees the reliability of the roof under strong climatic loads.

The one we are interested in also has some disadvantages that cannot be ignored. Firstly, the process of designing and installing such structures is quite complex. Secondly, the half-hip requires a lot of consumables. Moreover, it is necessary to use a wide variety of elements - extensions, struts, intermediate rafters, ribs, extensions, stops of various configurations, valleys and other components.

The installation of the structure in question should begin with the installation of the Mauerlat. It is needed so that the walls (their upper planes) evenly absorb the loads that the rafter system transmits to them. Wooden beam, used for mounting the Mauerlat, must be sufficiently high (12–15 cm) and wide (at least 15 cm). The installation of this timber is carried out using roll-type waterproofing. Then the Mauerlat is attached to the wall:

• using studs when it comes to a brick wall;
• staples if the surface is made of wood.

The studs are made from rods (steel, metal) with a cross-section of at least 1 cm. They are mounted in a reinforced concrete belt, erected specifically for these purposes on brickwork walls. Moreover, this operation is performed so that the studs are located between the rafters. The pitch between fasteners is 120 cm.

Mauerlat installation

After installing the Mauerlat, the free end of the pin should be a few centimeters (2–3). Please note - antiseptic compounds are applied to the timber in advance (before starting installation work). It is also necessary to drill holes in the Mauerlat in advance for fastening elements.

After you have successfully installed and secured the Mauerlat, you can begin installing the ridge and ridge posts. The latter should be placed strictly vertically (correction of deviations from the vertical is carried out using a regular plumb line).

The next stage of installing a half-hip roof is to install diagonal rafters (pros call them slanted), which serve to connect the corners of the building with the ends of the ridge. These elements carry high loads and are characterized by a longer length compared to conventional rafters. In order for them to effectively perform their function, their cross-sectional area needs to be doubled. This is easy to do by fastening together two beams or boards from which standard rafters were made.

Half hip roof design

Now you can mount the external rafter elements (they are supported by slanted rafters). They must rest at different points on diagonal products, which ensures optimal load distribution on the half-hip roof structure.

Sloping rafters are fixed with struts or racks that rest against beams or floor slabs. Their level of resistance to wind loads can be increased by using crutches designed to further strengthen diagonal rafters. The crutches are driven into the wall, and the rafters are connected to them using twisted wires.

A well-made rafter system requires the installation of sheathing on it, which is laid on the fixed rafter elements described above and shown in the photo. Then vapor barrier measures are carried out. They should be made from foil-coated aluminum film material that is not afraid of corrosive influences. It is placed with the foil down on the lower plane of the rafters and fixed with a stapler for construction work.

Installation of half-hip roof sheathing

At the last stages of installation we carry out the following activities:

• We thermally insulate the structure using mineral wool material. It is placed between the rafter elements in even layers. Be careful not to wrinkle the cotton wool during installation. It is optimal if you can lay it down with a little tension.
• We waterproof the rafter system. For these purposes, roofing felt is usually used.

Waterproofing the rafter system of a half-hip roof

The final installation work is laying roofing covering. Remember - there must be a small gap between the roof covering and the waterproofing layer. It will ensure effective ventilation of the space under the roof and increase the service life of the entire structure. And do not forget that all parts of the rafter system, without exception, should be thoroughly treated with fire-fighting and antiseptic substances before installation.

A durable and original half-hip roof is interesting option, which is perfectly adapted to wind loads. The half-hip roof has triangular slopes, which allows you to simultaneously increase the attic space, reducing the load on the load-bearing joists. It is possible to equip such a roof with houses of any type, so today more and more homeowners are deciding to choose this roof design for their private home.

Design features

One of the undoubted advantages of a half-hipped gable roof is the presence of a full-fledged attic, in which, with the correct layout, it will be possible to equip a full-fledged office space or bedroom. In its appearance and shape, such a roof resembles a trapezoid, resistant to wind loads.

It is necessary to note the versatility of this type of roof, which is equally suitable for small country house, and a full-size cottage with an area of ​​200-300 square meters. In each specific case, two- and four-slope semi-hip roofs of different designs can be used, differing in internal design and dimensions.

It is also possible to use different types of roofing elements. So, you can lay expensive natural tiles on the roof or use economical ondulin, slate and metal profiles. There are currently no special requirements for the arrangement of a half-hip roof, the rafter system of which is made of wooden logs. It is only necessary to correctly calculate the load on the load-bearing logs and subsequently secure the base properly, which will allow him to properly bear the load on the walls of the house.

Advantages and disadvantages

The popularity of this type of roof is largely due to its many advantages, so it is not surprising that today many summer residents and owners of private houses prefer this type of construction.

The advantages of a half-hip roof include:

The disadvantages include the following:

Arrangement of the rafter system

It is possible to build a roof truss system yourself only if the homeowner has the appropriate work experience. The roof base consists of from the following elements:

Step-by-step instructions for arranging a roof

Homeowners who decide to independently install a half-hip roof must follow the following step-by-step instructions, which will allow them to complete the roof of the house themselves.

At this point, the installation of the rafter system is completed, and you can begin further arrangement of the roof.

Thermal insulation and roofing decking

The completed rafter system is sheathed with lumber, which will be the basis for roof thermal insulation. The sheathing is installed, and mineral wool, polystyrene foam or other similar materials are placed inside it. When using fiber insulation, it will be necessary to take care of their high-quality hydro- and vapor barrier, for which special insulating membranes are used.

All that remains to be done is to secure the roofing material used. This work is not difficult, you just need to remember that the flooring needs to be done at a height, so precautions must be taken. For fastening metal profiles and similar materials It is necessary to use self-tapping screws with rubberized heads, which will prevent damage to metal sheets by rust. If ondulin is used, then the fastening should be carried out in full accordance with the technology, achieving the maximum possible waterproofing of the roof.

A half-hip roof is original design roof, which will allow you to decorate your home, and the homeowner will be able to use the under-roof space with maximum efficiency. At the same time, one should remember the complexity of arranging such a roof, so if the homeowner does not have the appropriate experience, it is best to turn to professional builders, and they will quickly complete the appropriate work, installing a high-quality and inexpensive half-hip roof.

Half-hip roofs are very convenient when using the attic as a living space. This kind of roof is pitched design with overhangs made at the ends. Thanks to this unique feature, a half-hip, or Dutch, roof is able to withstand high wind loads. Overhangs additionally protect the gables of the building from precipitation. To figure out how to build a half-hip roof, you need to distinguish between its variations:

• gable type half-hip roof;
• hipped type of semi-hipped roof.

In this case, the design may undergo some individual changes, which depend on the type of roof, the presence or absence of a living area in the attic space, and the climate of the area. For areas with snowy, harsh winters, they try to make such roofs with not very large overhangs and very steep slopes.

Advantages of the half-hip roof type

In addition to the opportunity to obtain a large and practical space in the attic and equip it for a comfortable living space, as well as protecting the gables from the effects of bad weather, among the advantages of this roof are its beauty, effectiveness and the ability to implement a variety of options.

Note! This roof is characterized by increased structural strength. It is very suitable for areas with extreme climate conditions, and is also resistant to vibrations.

Disadvantages of a half-hip (Dutch) roof

Among the disadvantages of erecting a Dutch roof:

• the complexity of building a rafter system;
• high consumption roofing material and wood;
• Difficulty in cleaning and repair.

It is very difficult to build such a roof on your own, without the help of specialists. There are many elements in the rafter system, which complicates the construction.

Construction of a Dutch roof

The design of a half-hip consists of many elements, one of which simply cannot be excluded, since each has its own purpose. The basis is the mauerlat and a complex rafter system. If the walls of the building are made of brick, it is good to place a reinforced concrete reinforced belt on top with galvanized studs with a diameter of 10 mm and a pitch of 1.2 m protruding between the future rafters, and place the Mauerlat beam on it over a couple of layers of roofing material. For the Mauerlat, timber with a cross section of 150×150 mm is mainly used. Next, with the help of a notch and the use of iron brackets, a ridge is arranged, to which the slanted and diagonal rafters (or rafters) are attached.

It is very important to take correct measurements and calculate the required rafter lengths. It is best to prepare rafters 50 cm longer than the calculated data to avoid troubles during work.

Note! From reinforced double boards, rafter half-legs are made, resting on splints. Pairing boards helps achieve the required increased load-bearing capacity of the roof.

When the slanted rafters are firmly attached to the mauerlat and the ridge, the ranks are installed. In this case, the width of the insulating material is taken into account, according to which the pitch of ordinary rafters is calculated. To ensure that the rafters rest against the base, cut-outs are made at the ends; on the sides they can be attached to the mauerlat with metal corners. If the spans are large, reinforcement is used using struts with stops. Using a truss truss, you can strengthen the diagonal rafters.

If the slab covering the house is reinforced concrete, the racks with stops can be rested against it without any problems. In another case, additional tightening must be installed on the overlap tanks.

All wooden elements Before installation, structures should be treated with special solutions to protect them from rotting and the effects of fire.

Completion of the half-hip construction

The completion of a Dutch roof, like any other, includes laying sheathing, vapor barrier material, as well as insulation, waterproofing film and the roof itself. Free space under the ridge is necessary for air circulation and ventilation.

Note! It is better to use a vapor barrier film with a foil side, which will protect the thermal insulation layer from moisture.

The insulation can be polystyrene foam boards, fiberglass or basalt slabs. A condensate film or diffusion membrane is laid on top of them to protect against moisture and condensation. Roofing felt is also still used as waterproofing, but since its properties are short-lived, it is better to abandon it in favor of more modern materials.

Next from wooden slats a counter-lattice is installed to secure the waterproofing and create a gap for ventilation. On top of the counter-lattice, a main lathing is made, along which the roofing material is secured.

Photo

Strong winds can be detrimental to many types of roofing. The semi-shaft roof has reliable design rafter system that can adequately resist unpleasant weather conditions - thanks to its streamlined shape, such structures are resistant to strong gusty winds. This roof has similar features to a pitched roof; small overhangs at the ends and the frequent use of many additional elements to give a special appearance immediately identify this type. Northern Europe is considered the birthplace of half-hip roofs.

There are two main types of half-hip roofs:

• Dutch. It has a trapezoidal half-hip located in the lower part of the front slope. The upper base of the trapezoid is adjacent to the base of a vertically located triangle - both of these figures form an angle, often concave. Sometimes located in a triangle dormer window
• . The construction of Dutch roofing structures is not much different from the construction of a conventional hipped roof.

Danish roof. In the upper part of the end there is a triangular half-hip. The base of the triangle is adjacent to the vertical trapezoidal pediment, with which they form a convex angle. This type is extremely similar to a standard hip roof, with the exception of shortened end slopes. These are the two main varieties that are the basis for development various options roofing structures of this sample. The half-hip roof is a hip roof structure. Conventionally, such structures are divided into two types: gable and four-slope, but still in both cases there are four slopes. Half-hip

Important! The semi-hipped gable roof has the ability to be mansard. For a four-slope, half-hip, this option is difficult to implement, because the window will have to be placed very high, and it will not be possible to install a balcony at the end.

Construction of the rafter system for a semi-shaft roof

Along with other roofs, this type also consists of several layers superimposed on each other. Construction of half-hip roofs:

• The rafter system serves as the basis for all other elements;
• Mauerlat – support beam for rafters;
• Layers of steam, heat and waterproofing;
• A roof covering that acts as a protective layer.

The rafter system of a half-hip roof consists of several parts: ridge, struts, sheathing, and so on. Each part bears its own loads, and together all the elements of this system form a reliable foundation for the entire structure and give it special strength.

Important! Correct installation rafters play a special role in the construction of a mansard roof due to the increased complexity of the structure.

Advantages and disadvantages of half-hip roofs

Any designs have their pros and cons. Strengths this type of roof:

• Streamlined shape. For buildings located in open areas and in mountainous areas, this form will have significant advantages due to the absence of sharp corners, which greatly increases its resistance to strong winds.
• Increased attic space. Thanks to the features of the frame, this type of construction allows you to equip a spacious attic.

Important! To increase the usable area of ​​the attic space, it is necessary to use a structure with different slope angles.

• Architectural nuances. By changing the angle of inclination of the slopes, such a roof can not only be given a unique appearance, which gives room for action to any architect, but also the design can be maximally adapted to different weather conditions.

Weaknesses of half-hip roofs:

• A large number of building materials. Due to the peculiarities of the shape of the roof, the massive rafter system to hold it in place and the cost of work, this design will be more expensive than others.
• Increased construction difficulty. A lot of calculations and drawings, highly qualified employees to perform special types of work - you will have to hire a team of professionals and wait quite a long time to achieve the optimal result.
• Weight of the structure. Weight of the sling system and complex roof with many additional elements must have a foundation capable of supporting all this.

Calculation of roof area

Before starting construction, you need to decide on the amount of materials that will be required to install the roof. It is necessary to correctly calculate the area, which with the special shape of the half-hip roof may seem difficult at first glance. However, in reality everything is not so complicated - you just need to take the roof plan and break it down into separate geometric figures, calculate their areas and summarize the results obtained at the end.

Construction of a half-hip roof

How to build a half hip roof? How to do optimal angle tilt? It is better to clarify all these and other questions with professionals, because there are plenty of difficulties and nuances in this matter for each specific project. The construction process itself is quite long to describe, so it is worth indicating only its main stages:

• Wood processing;
• Installation of the Mauerlat;
• Installation of rafters;
• Laying layers of insulation;
• Working with roofing material.

When erecting a half-hip roof, it is important to take into account all its advantages. The space that is formed under the roof should be used to the maximum and, if possible, try to increase it. This way you can get a comfortable and habitable space. Appearance roofs can be modeled with various elements, which modern market in excess. To choose a suitable design, just look on the Internet - there are a great many photos of half-hip roofs of private houses of various designs.

Building a half-hip roof with your own hands, without having the necessary skills and knowledge, must take place under the strict guidance of trusted craftsmen, otherwise everything could end in disaster. If you really can’t wait to take part in construction, then it’s best to do this at the time of laying the layers of insulation - no special skills are required there. All other stages should be entrusted to a team of professionals. High-quality half-hip roofs serve reliably and delight the owners for a long time.

For areas where windy weather is not uncommon, a half-hip roof is ideal, because the rafter system of this design is characterized by greater reliability and resistance to weathering. A half-hip roof is similar to a pitched roof, but has small overhangs at the ends. This design makes it more resistant to winds and precipitation. The roof usually has a very attractive appearance due to the use of additional elements.

Advantages and disadvantages

The design of a half-hip roof, unlike a hip roof, has a much more intricate design. Trapezes turned into polygons, and hips were modified.

Complex roof structure

This design is a symbiosis of gable and hip roofs. The slopes of a hip roof are quadrangles, trapezoids and two triangles, and the slopes of a half-hip roof form a broken line. A building with such a roof is not only decorative, but also very justified. It has a number of undeniable advantages. Thanks to the height of this design, you can arrange an additional room in attic floor . To increase the usable area of ​​the room, the upper plane of the slope is made sloping and long, and the lower plane is made almost vertical.

Structural elements of a half-hip roof:

• rafter system;
• Mauerlat;
• heat, steam and waterproofing system;
• roofing covering.

In addition to the main elements, the roof structure includes a lot of additional ones: crossbars, racks, stops. All this requires a significant consumption of wood and makes it difficult to install the frame of the rafter system. But it is precisely because of this unique structure that the roof has strength and durability..

The rafter system of a half-hip roof is quite complex: a significant number of ribs, intermediate rafters, stops, valleys, struts, trusses, and trusses. Such a device requires a significant waste of materials. Therefore, before installation, you should make calculations, make drawings, and pay attention to controlling the quality of the purchased material. It is important that the wood has no cracks or knots and is dry.

Varieties of design

There are two options for half-hip roofs: two- and four-slope.

Based on the type of roof hips, they are divided into:

1. Dutch.
2. Danish.

The names appeared due to the popularity of the first type of roofing in Holland, and the second in Denmark.

Dutch half hip roof

A gable semi-hipped roof of the Dutch variety is designed as follows: under the attic ceiling there is an attic space in which small windows, located on the gables. The scheme of this option is more convenient, since the attic ceiling has bevels only on two sides, and in the Danish version of the roof - on four.

Danish half hip roof

The scheme of a hipped semi-hipped roof is a combination of elements of a gable and hip roof. As is the case with gable roof, the large attic space can be used to furnish a living room.

This type of roofing is even more labor-intensive and complex than the first option.. However, if everything is done strictly according to calculations and you select suitable materials, then such a roof will be much more beautiful than the Dutch one. The design will serve for a very long time, providing reliable protection building.

Calculation of roof area

To decide on required quantity material for roofing, you should know its surface area.

The half-hip roof has a complex decorative shape, but despite this, calculating its area will not be difficult.

This can be done by dividing the roof plan into separate geometric shapes. It is necessary to calculate the area of ​​each figure separately, using the formulas known to everyone from the school geometry course, and then add the results.

Installation

The construction of the roof is carried out in several stages:

1. Wood processing.
2. Installation of the Mauerlat.
3. Installation of rafters.
4. The final stage.

Protective wood coating

During the production process, the wood is treated with antiseptics and fire retardants according to the original method with pre-heating. Similar wood processing manipulations can be performed at home.

Fireproof and antifungal coating of the rafter system is an invariable rule in roofing work.

Using a brush or sponge, the surface of the beams is carefully treated with an antiseptic. The product is capable of forming a protective layer, the effect of which lasts up to 2-8 years.

Mauerlat

The assembly of the roofing system begins with the installation of the Mauerlat. In some cases, along the perimeter of load-bearing walls they make concrete screed, into which the reinforcing studs are immersed, the Mauerlat beam will subsequently be attached to them with further fixation of their ends using nuts and washers.

In order not to complicate the subsequent joining of the rafters with the mauerlat, the studs should be placed in the correct order. Before laying the beams, the concrete screed should be covered with two layers of roofing material.

Installation of rafters

After the Mauerlat is installed, the ridge and the racks under it are strengthened. The racks must be strictly vertical, so a plumb line should be used.

The ends of the ridge are connected to the corners of the house through diagonal rafters. Diagonal rafters are longer than ordinary rafters and should have a larger cross-sectional area.

Then, in increments of 60-120 cm, ordinary rafters are installed. Installation of external rafters is done with emphasis on the slopes. It is necessary that the load is evenly distributed along the diagonal rafters. Therefore, when calculating the load on the structure, it should be taken into account that the support points on the surface of the slanted rafters must be different.

Then reinforcement is made with additional struts supported by floors, beams or support posts. Sloping rafters should be strengthened using a truss truss.

To increase the reliability of the roof, the rafters should be additionally screwed to the crutches hammered into the wall.

Should not be used between the ridge and under the ridge. polyurethane foam to ensure free air circulation. This is important for the safety of wooden structures.

The final stage of installation

At the end of the installation work the following is done:

• lathing;
• vapor barrier using a film covered with foil;
• waterproofing using roofing felt;
• insulation with mineral wool;
• laying the roofing material.

Coating materials

Often corrugated sheeting or metal tiles are used to cover a half-hip roof. These materials facilitate installation and repair of the coating, are lightweight and affordable price. Meanwhile, they are quite strong and durable, and also have a completely decorative appearance. For a Dutch roof, a metal profile will cost less than for a Danish one. The material has fewer cuts and little waste. And the use of tiles in both cases will entail the same costs.

Any type of half-hip roof has both its pros and cons. You can only decide based on personal preferences. In order to install the structure without problems, you should make accurate calculations, know the installation rules, and the features of the materials used. The combination of all these factors determines how long and effectively the roof will serve.